Solar eclipse of April 19, 1939

Last updated
Solar eclipse of April 19, 1939
SE1939Apr19A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.9388
Magnitude 0.9731
Maximum eclipse
Duration109 s (1 min 49 s)
Coordinates 73°06′N129°06′W / 73.1°N 129.1°W / 73.1; -129.1
Max. width of band285 km (177 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse16:45:53
References
Saros 118 (64 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9373

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, April 19, 1939, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9731. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 6.3 days after apogee (on April 13, 1939, at 9:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [2]

Contents

This annular eclipse is notable in that the path of annularity passed over the North Pole. Land covered in the path include part of Alaska, Canada, and Franz Josef Land, Ushakov Island and Vize Island in the Soviet Union (today's Russia). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America and Western Europe. This was umbral eclipse number 56 out of 57 in Solar Saros 118, this is the last central solar eclipse, and the penultimate umbral eclipse, with the last (ultimate) one in 1957.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

April 19, 1939 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1939 April 19 at 14:26:23.5 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1939 April 19 at 16:04:52.6 UTC
First Central Line1939 April 19 at 16:07:51.0 UTC
Greatest Duration1939 April 19 at 16:07:51.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1939 April 19 at 16:11:02.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1939 April 19 at 16:35:25.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1939 April 19 at 16:45:53.4 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1939 April 19 at 17:14:29.6 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1939 April 19 at 17:20:26.2 UTC
Last Central Line1939 April 19 at 17:23:34.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1939 April 19 at 17:26:30.4 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1939 April 19 at 19:05:03.9 UTC
April 19, 1939 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.97308
Eclipse Obscuration0.94689
Gamma0.93880
Sun Right Ascension01h46m48.0s
Sun Declination+11°01'35.5"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'55.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension01h45m51.4s
Moon Declination+11°52'43.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'25.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°56'34.8"
ΔT24.1 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April–May 1939
April 19
Descending node (new moon)
May 3
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1939Apr19A.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1939May03.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 118
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 130

Eclipses in 1939

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 118

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1939–1942

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

The partial solar eclipse on August 12, 1942 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1939 to 1942
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
118 April 19, 1939
SE1939Apr19A.png
Annular
0.9388123 October 12, 1939
SE1939Oct12T.png
Total
−0.9737
128 April 7, 1940
SE1940Apr07A.png
Annular
0.219133 October 1, 1940
SE1940Oct01T.png
Total
−0.2573
138 March 27, 1941
SE1941Mar27A.png
Annular
−0.5025143 September 21, 1941
SE1941Sep21T.png
Total
0.4649
148 March 16, 1942
SE1942Mar16P.png
Partial
−1.1908153 September 10, 1942
SE1942Sep10P.png
Partial
1.2571

Saros 118

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 118, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 24, 803 AD. It contains total eclipses from August 19, 947 AD through October 25, 1650; hybrid eclipses on November 4, 1668 and November 15, 1686; and annular eclipses from November 27, 1704 through April 30, 1957. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on July 15, 2083. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 34 at 6 minutes, 59 seconds on May 16, 1398, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 59 at 1 minutes, 58 seconds on February 23, 1849. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [5]

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12June 30–July 1April 17–19February 4–5November 22–23
114116118120122
SE1931Sep12P.png
September 12, 1931
SE1935Jun30P.png
June 30, 1935
SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939
SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
124126128130132
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
134136138140142
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
144146148150152
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988
SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992
SE1996Apr17P.png
April 17, 1996
SE2000Feb05P.png
February 5, 2000
SE2003Nov23T.png
November 23, 2003
154156
SE2007Sep11P.png
September 11, 2007
SE2011Jul01P.png
July 1, 2011

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1819Mar25P.gif
March 25, 1819
(Saros 107)
SE1830Feb23P.gif
February 23, 1830
(Saros 108)
SE1841Jan22P.gif
January 22, 1841
(Saros 109)
SE1862Nov21P.gif
November 21, 1862
(Saros 111)
SE1895Aug20P.gif
August 20, 1895
(Saros 114)
SE1906Jul21P.png
July 21, 1906
(Saros 115)
SE1917Jun19P.png
June 19, 1917
(Saros 116)
SE1928May19T.png
May 19, 1928
(Saros 117)
SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939
(Saros 118)
SE1950Mar18A.png
March 18, 1950
(Saros 119)
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961
(Saros 120)
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
(Saros 121)
SE1982Dec15P.png
December 15, 1982
(Saros 122)
SE1993Nov13P.png
November 13, 1993
(Saros 123)
SE2004Oct14P.png
October 14, 2004
(Saros 124)
SE2015Sep13P.png
September 13, 2015
(Saros 125)
SE2026Aug12T.png
August 12, 2026
(Saros 126)
SE2037Jul13T.png
July 13, 2037
(Saros 127)
SE2048Jun11A.png
June 11, 2048
(Saros 128)
SE2059May11T.png
May 11, 2059
(Saros 129)
SE2070Apr11T.png
April 11, 2070
(Saros 130)
SE2081Mar10A.png
March 10, 2081
(Saros 131)
SE2092Feb07A.png
February 7, 2092
(Saros 132)
SE2103Jan08T.png
January 8, 2103
(Saros 133)
SE2113Dec08A.png
December 8, 2113
(Saros 134)
SE2124Nov06A.png
November 6, 2124
(Saros 135)
SE2135Oct07T.png
October 7, 2135
(Saros 136)
SE2146Sep06A.png
September 6, 2146
(Saros 137)
SE2157Aug05A.png
August 5, 2157
(Saros 138)
SE2168Jul05T.png
July 5, 2168
(Saros 139)
SE2179Jun05A.png
June 5, 2179
(Saros 140)
SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190
(Saros 141)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1823Jul08P.gif
July 8, 1823
(Saros 114)
SE1852Jun17P.gif
June 17, 1852
(Saros 115)
SE1881May27P.gif
May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)
SE1910May09T.png
May 9, 1910
(Saros 117)
SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939
(Saros 118)
SE1968Mar28P.png
March 28, 1968
(Saros 119)
SE1997Mar09T.png
March 9, 1997
(Saros 120)
SE2026Feb17A.png
February 17, 2026
(Saros 121)
SE2055Jan27P.png
January 27, 2055
(Saros 122)
SE2084Jan07P.png
January 7, 2084
(Saros 123)
Saros124 60van73 SE2112Dec19P.jpg
December 19, 2112
(Saros 124)
Saros125 61van73 SE2141Nov28P.jpg
November 28, 2141
(Saros 125)
Saros126 56van72 SE2170Nov08P.jpg
November 8, 2170
(Saros 126)
Saros127 68van82 SE2199Oct19P.jpg
October 19, 2199
(Saros 127)

Notes

  1. "April 19, 1939 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  3. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1939 Apr 19". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  4. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 118". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References