List of languages by time of extinction

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

An extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes extinct upon the death of its last native speaker, the terminal speaker. A language like Latin is not extinct in this sense, because it evolved into the modern Romance languages; it is impossible to state when Latin became extinct because there is a diachronic continuum (compare synchronic continuum) between ancestors Late Latin and Vulgar Latin on the one hand and descendants like Old French and Old Italian on the other; any cutoff date for distinguishing ancestor from descendant is arbitrary. For many languages which have become extinct in recent centuries, attestation of usage is datable in the historical record, and sometimes the terminal speaker is identifiable. In other cases, historians and historical linguists may infer an estimated date of extinction from other events in the history of the sprachraum.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

21st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Terminal speaker	Notes
20 September 2025	Aurê-Aurá	Tupian	Maranhão, Brazil	Aurá	[1] [2]
14 July 2025	Caddo	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	Edmond Johnson [3]	Under a process of revival.
by 8 March 2024	Mawes	Northwest Papuan?	West Papua, Indonesia		[4]
by 8 March 2024	Luhu	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia		[4]
2 May 2023	Columbia-Moses	Salishan	Washington, United States	Pauline Stensgar [5]
by 2023	Itonama	Isolate	Beni Department, Bolivia		[6]
5 October 2022	Mednyj Aleut	Mixed Aleut–Russian	Commander Islands, Russia	Gennady Yakovlev [7]
19 April 2022	Quapaw	Siouan	Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States	Ardina Moore	[8]
16 February 2022	Yahgan	Isolate	Magallanes, Chile	Cristina Calderón [9]
by 2022?	Moghol	Mongolic	Herat Province, Afghanistan		[10]
25 September 2021	Wukchumni dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts	Yokuts	California, United States	Marie Wilcox [11]
27 August 2021	Yuchi	Isolate	Tennessee (formerly) and Oklahoma in the United States	Maxine Wildcat Barnett [12]
7 March 2021	Bering Aleut	Eskimo-Aleut	Kamchatka Krai, Russia	Vera Timoshenko [13]
2020s	Dompo	Niger–Congo	Brong-Ahafo region, Ghana		[14]
2 December 2020	Tuscarora	Iroquoian	North Carolina, United States	Kenneth Patterson [15]	Under a process of revival. [16]
4 April 2020	Aka-Cari dialect of Northern Andamanese	Great Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Licho [17]
23 March 2019	Ngandi	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	C. W. Daniels [18] [19]
4 January 2019	Tehuelche	Chonan	Patagonia, Argentina	Dora Manchado [20] [21]
by 2017	Hokkaido Ainu	Ainu	Hokkaido, Japan		[22] [23]
9 December 2016	Mandan	Siouan	North Dakota, United States	Edwin Benson [24]
30 August 2016	Wichita	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	Doris McLemore [25]
29 July 2016	Gugu Thaypan	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Tommy George [26]
11 February 2016	Nuchatlaht dialect of Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan	British Columbia, Canada	Alban Michael [27]
4 January 2016	Whulshootseed dialect of Lushootseed	Salishan	Washington, United States	Ellen Williams [28] [29]
by 2016	Marti Ke	Western Daly	Northern Territory, Australia	Patrick Nudjulu or Agatha Perdjert [30]	[31]
4 February 2014	Klallam	Salishan	Washington, United States	Hazel Sampson [32] [33] [notes 1]	being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State
c. 2013	Demushbo	Panoan	Amazon Basin, Brazil
5 June 2013	Livonian	Uralic	Latvia	Grizelda Kristiņa [34] [notes 2]	Under a process of revival. 1 native speaker as of 2020. [35]
26 March 2013	Yurok	Algic	California, United States	Archie Thompson [36]	Under a process of revival. [37]
by 2013	Sabüm	Mon–Khmer	Perak, Malaysia		[38]
2 October 2012	Cromarty dialect of Scots	Indo-European	Northern Scotland, United Kingdom	Bobby Hogg [39]
11 July 2012	Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Gladys Thompson [40]
10 March 2012	Holikachuk	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Wilson "Tiny" Deacon [41]
2012	Andoa	Zaparoan	Peru	Hipólito Arahuanaza	[42]
2012	Mardijker	Portuguese-based creole	Jakarta, Indonesia	Mimi Abrahams [43]
c. 2012	Dhungaloo	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Roy Hatfield [44]
c. 2012	Ngasa	Nilotic	Tanzania		Most speakers have shifted to Chaga
10 April 2011	Apiaká	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Pedrinho Kamassuri [45]
2011	Lower Arrernte	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	Brownie Doolan Perrurle [46]
24 October 2010	Pazeh dialect of Pazeh	Austronesian	Taiwan	Pan Jin-yu [47]
20 August 2010	Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole	Portuguese-based creole	Southern India	William Rozario [47]
26 January 2010	Aka-Bo	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Boa Sr. [48]
2010s	Warluwarra	Pama-Nyungan	Australia		Extinct by 2021 [49]
November 2009	Aka-Kora	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Ms. Boro [50]
22 February 2009	Great Andamanese koiné	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Nao Jr. [51]
2009	Olrat	Austronesian	Banks Islands, Vanuatu	Maten Olrat [52]
2009	Nyawaygi	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Willie Seaton [53]
by 2009	Papora-Hoanya	Austronesian	Taiwan		[54]
30 July 2008	Tübatulabal	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	James Andreas	[55]
April 2008 – 2012	Dura	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	Soma Devi Dura [56]	[57]
24 February 2008	Plains Apache	Na-Dene	Oklahoma, United States	Alfred Chalepah Jr.
21 January 2008	Eyak	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Marie Smith Jones [58]
late 2000s	Ruga	Sino-Tibetan	East Garo Hills district		Most people who identify themselves as Ruga speak Garo.
after 2007	Rusenu	Trans–New Guinea?	eastern East Timor		[59]
10 August 2007	Gros Ventre	Algic	Montana, United States	Theresa Lamebull [60] [61]
2007	Northeastern Maidu	Maiduan	Central California, United States		Under process of revival
c. 2007	Javindo	Dutch-based creole	Java, Indonesia		[62]
by 2007	Hpun	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar		[63]
by 2007	Hoti	Austronesian	Seram, Indonesia
11 July 2006	Wasco dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Madeline Brunoe McInturff [64]
2006	Zire	Austronesian	New Caledonia
2006	Omurano	Isolate	Peru	Esteban Macusi	[65] [66] [67]
2006	Aghu Tharnggala	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[68]
2006	Ludza dialect of South Estonian	Uralic	Latvia	Nikolājs Nikonovs [69]
by 2006	Zumaya	Afroasiatic	Cameroon		[70] Most speakers have shifted to Fula.
3 November 2005	Osage	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	Lucille Roubedeaux [71]	being revived
2005	Berbice Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	Bertha Bell [72]
2005	Kerek	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Chukotka	Ekaterina Khatkana [73]	[74]
by 2005	Barrow Point	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Urwunjin Roger Hart [75]
20 September 2004	Nüshu script	unclassified	Hunan, China	Yang Huanyi [76] [77]
c. 2004?	Duli-Gey	Niger-Congo	Cameroon		[78]
29 December 2003	Akkala Sami	Uralic	Kola Peninsula, Russia	Marja Sergina [79] [80]	4 rememberers persisted as of 2018.
22 November 2003	Wintu	Wintuan	California, United States	Flora Jones [81]
14 September 2003	Klamath-Modoc	Plateau Penutian	Oregon, United States	Neva Eggsman [82] [83]
September 2003	Garig-Ilgar	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia		[84]
2003	Umotína	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Brazil
by 2003	Alngith	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2003	Areba	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[85]
by 2003	Atampaya	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[86]
by 2003	Makolkol	unclassified	New Britain, Papua New Guinea		possible Papuan language
4 November 2002	Serrano	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Dorothy Ramon	being revived
31 August 2002	Unami	Algic	Delaware, United States	Edward Thompson [87] [notes 3]
23 May 2002	Gaagudju	Isolate	Northern Territory, Australia	Big Bill Neidjie [88]
2002	Tandia	Austronesian	West Papua, Indonesia		Speakers shifted to Wandamen. [89] [4]
2002	Akurio	Cariban	Suriname		[90]
by 2001	Amanayé	Tupian	Brazil		[91]
by 2001	Umbugarla	Arnhem Land languages or Darwin Region languages	Northern Territory, Australia	Butcher Knight
by 2001	Ngurmbur	Arnhem Land languages or Darwin Region languages	Northern Territory, Australia	Butcher Knight
c. 2000s	Aribwatsa	Lower Markham languages	Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea	Butoawê	Exact date of extinction is unknown although it is believed to be in 2000. Most descendants have switched to the Bukawa language.
2000s	Bahuana	Arawakan	Brazil
2000s	Torá	Chapacuran	Brazil		few semispeakers remain
2000	Máku (Jukude)	Isolate	Roraima, Brazil	Sinfrônio Magalhães (Kuluta)
2000	Sowa	Austronesian	Pentecost, Vanuatu	Maurice Tabi	[92]
c. 2000	Mapia	Austronesian	Mapia Atoll, Indonesia
c. 2000	Mesmes	Afroasiatic	Ethiopia	Abegaz	[93] [94]
c. 2000	Kamarian	Austronesian	west Seram Island, Indonesia
c. 2000	Nagumi	Niger-Congo	Cameroon		[95]
c. 2000	Apolista	Arawakan	Apolobamba		It is possible there are still a few very old speakers. There may be two distinct languages under this label. [96]
c. 2000	Rennellese Sign Language	unclassified	Solomon Islands	Kagobai	[97]
c. 2000	Wanham	Chapacuran	Brazil	Firmino Miguelem [98]	[99]
by 2000	Central Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	Northern California

20th century

Date	Language or dialect	Language family	Region	Terminal speaker	Notes
20th–21st century (?)	Ayabadhu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[68]
20th–21st century (?)	Adithinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th–21st century (?)	Arritinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
1980–2000	Tepecano	Uto-Aztecan	Central Mexico	Lino de la Rosa	Last known speaker was alive in 1980
1999	Nyulnyul	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Carmel Charles	[100]
1998	Mlahsô	Afroasiatic	Syria; Turkey	Ibrahim Hanna	[101]
by 1998	Skepi Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana		[102]
1997–98	Ngarnka	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
after 1997	Aribwatsa	Austronesian	Papua New Guinea	Butoawê [103]	[104]
January 1997	Sireniki Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	Chukotka Peninsula, Russia	Valentina Wye	[105]
1997	Guazacapán Xinca	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala		1 semispeaker
1997	Jumaytepeque Xinca	Xincan	By Volcán Jumaytepeque, Guatemala
after 1996	Hibito	Hibito–Cholon	Bobonaje River Valley	Natividad Grández del Castillo	[106] There were 500 speakers in 1850.
c. 1996 (?)	Malaryan	Dravidian	Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India		[107]
16 December 1996	Chiwere	Siouan	Oklahoma and Kansas, United States	Truman Washington Dailey	[108]
by 1996	Chiquimulilla Xinca	Xincan	Chiquimulilla, Guatemala		The last semi-speaker Julian de la Cruz died in 1996.
by 1996	Katabaga	Austronesian	Philippines		[109]
by 1996	Palumata	Austronesian?	Maluku, Indonesia		[110]
by 1996	Seru	Austronesian	Sarawak, Malaysia		[111]
5 November 1995	Kasabe	Niger–Congo	Cameroon	Bogon	[112]
6 August 1995	Martuthunira	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	Algy Paterson	[113]
8 January 1995	Northern Pomo	Pomoan	California, United States	Edna Campbell Guerrero
by 1995	Mandawaca	Arawakan	Venezuela, Brazil		[114]
late 1990s	Munichi	Isolate	Loreto Region, Peru	Victoria Huancho Icahuate
after 1994	Lachoudisch	Indo-European	Schopfloch, Bavaria		[115]
16 May 1994	Luiseño	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California	Villiana Calac Hyde	A revitalization process is happening.
30 April 1994	Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu languages	Japan	Take Asai	[116]
13 July 1993	Eastern Abnaki	Algic	Maine, United States	Madeline Shay	[117] [118]
1993	Cholón	Hibito–Cholon	Huallaga River valley, Peru		A few semispeakers remain. [119]
7 October 1992	Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	Balıkesir Province, Turkey	Tevfik Esenç	[120]
23 February 1991	Roncalese (Erronkariko) dialect of Basque	Isolate	Spain	Fidela Bernat	[121]
1991	Ullatan	Dravidian	India		[122]
30 July 1990	Wappo	Yuki–Wappo	California, United States	Laura Fish Somersal	[123]
early 1990s	Hermit	Austronesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea		It has been mostly replaced by Seimat.
c. 1990s	Inku	Indo-European	Afghanistan		[124]
c. 1990s	Lumaete dialect of Kayeli	Austronesian	central Maluku, Indonesia		[125]
1990s	Taman	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar		[126]
c. 1990s	Unggumi	Worrorra	Australia	Morndi Munro	[127]
1990s?	Berti	Saharan	Dafur and Kordofan, Sudan
20 September 1989	Kamas	Uralic	Sayan Mountains, Soviet Union	Klavdiya Plotnikova
March 1989	Leliali dialect of Kayeli	Austronesian	central Maluku, Indonesia		[125] [65]
after 1989	Hukumina	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia		[128]
1989	Miami-Illinois	Algic	along the Mississippi River, United States		at least 500 users in 2016 [129]
1989	Kungarakany	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	Madeline England	[65] [130]
16 September 1988	Atsugewi	Palaihnihan	California, United States	Medie Webster	[131]
1988	ǁXegwi	Tuu	South Africa	Jopi Mabinda	[132]
1980s	Bidyara	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[133]
c. 1987	Laua	Trans-New Guinea	Papua New Guinea
4 February 1987	Cupeño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Roscinda Nolásquez	[134]
1987	Dyangadi	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia		[135] 137 speakers in 2021 census. [136]
1987	Negerhollands	Dutch-based creole	U.S. Virgin Islands	Alice Stevens
by 1987	Basa-Gumna	Niger-Congo	Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria		[137]
by 1987	Yugambal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[138]
after 1986	Bikya	Niger-Congo	Cameroon
after 1986	Bishuo	Niger-Congo	Cameroon
April 1986	Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Jack Butler	[139]
1986	Mangala	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia		[140]
1986	Volow	Austronesian	Vanuatu	Wanhan	[141]
late 1980s to early 1990s	Cahuarano	Zaparoan	Along the Nanay River in Peru.
18 March 1984	Deeside dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Indo-European	Scotland	Jean Bain	[142]
1984	Yavitero	Arawakan	Venezuela		[65] [143]
February 1983	Antrim Irish	Indo-European	Ireland	Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaig	[144] [145]
c. 1983	Yangman	Australian (Wardaman isolate)	Northern Territory, Australia		[146]
after 1982	Tutelo	Siouan	Virginia, United States	Albert Green
June 1982	Kansa	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	Ralph Pepper
1982	Bala	Tungusic	Zhangguangcai Range		[147]
1982	Dagoman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	Martha Hart	[148]
by 1982	Dyugun	Australian	Western Australia		[149]
by 1982	Kato	Na-Dene	California, United States		[150]
after 1981	Dirari	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia		[151]
after 1981	Dyaberdyaber	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia		[152] [153]
after 1981	Erre	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia		[154]
after 1981	Yawarawarga	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and South Australia		[155]
c. 1981	Ternateño	Portuguese Creole	Maluku, Indonesia		[156]
1 May 1981	Pitta Pitta	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia [157]
1981	Nagarchal	Dravidian?	India		unattested
1981	Warrungu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Alf Palmer	[158] [159]
by 1981	Bina	Austronesian	Central Province (Papua New Guinea)
1980	Twana	Salishan	Washington, United States		[65] [160]
1980	Yalarnnga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
early 1980s	Muruwari	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia		[161]
1980s	Alchuka	Tungusic	Heilongjiang
1980s	Kyakala (China)	Tungusic	Northeastern China
late 1970s - 1980s	Flinders Island	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	Johnny Flinders	[158] [153]
1971 – 1981	Kwadi	Khoe	southwestern Angola		[162]
1970s – 1980s	Chicomuceltec	Mayan	Mexico; Guatemala
22 February 1979	Barranbinja	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	Emily Margaret Horneville
1978	Shasta	Shastan	California, United States	Clara Wicks	[163]
3 November 1977	Shuadit	Indo-European	southern France	Armand Lunel	[65] [164]
24 August 1977	Ngawun	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Cherry O'Keefe	[165]
13 July 1977	Nooksack	Salishan	Washington, United States	Sindick Jimmy	[65]
1977	Arran Gaelic	Indo-European	Isle of Arran	Donald Craig	[166]
by 1977	Babuza	Austronesian	Taiwan		[167]
by 1977	Luilang	Austronesian	Banqiao District		[167]
1976–1999	Kw'adza	Afroasiatic	Tanzania		[168]
after 1976	Muskum	Afroasiatic	western Chad		[169]
before 1975	Homa	Niger-Congo	southern Sudan		[170]
27 December 1974	Manx	Indo-European	Isle of Man, British islands	Ned Maddrell	Now being revived as a second language [171]
28 May 1974	Selkʼnam	Chon	Tierra del Fuego, Argentina	Ángela Loij [notes 4]
1974	Moksela	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia		[172]
by 1974	Cacaopera	Misumalpan	El Salvador		[173]
after 1973	Môa Remo	Panoan	Along the Môa River of Amazonas, Peru		A word list was recorded in 1973.
by 1974	Dicamay Agta	Austronesian	Luzon, Philippines		The Dicamay Agta were killed by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974.
9 October 1972	Tillamook	Salishan	Oregon, United States	Minnie Scovell	[65]
5 February 1972	Hanis	Coosan	Oregon, United States	Martha Harney Johnson	[174]
1972	Mbabaram	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Albert Bennett	[175]
1972	Wyandot	Iroquoian	Oklahoma, United States; Quebec, Canada
by 1972	Yugh	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Soviet Union		[65] [176]
c. 1970s	Cocoliche	Italian-based pidgin	Buenos Aires, Argentina		Some content survived in the lunfardo slang of Rioplatense Spanish dialect
1970s	Damin	Constructed	Mornington Island
1970s	Lelak	Austronesian	Sarawak, Malaysia		[177]
late 20th century (?)	Nganyaywana	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 20th century (?)	Ngamini	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia
late 20th century (?)	Nila	Austronesian	Nila Island, Indonesia		Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Nila [178]
late 20th century (?)	Serua	Austronesian	Mount Serua, Indonesia		Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Serua [178]
late 20th century	Madhi Madhi	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	Jack Long	[179]
late 20th century	Newfoundland Irish	Indo-European	Newfoundland, Canada		[180]
late 20th century	Soyot	Turkic	Buryatia, Khövsgöl Province		Partly revitalized
late 20th century	Saraveca	Arawakan	Eastern lowlands Bolivia
1968	Welsh-Romani	Romani	Wales, United Kingdom	Manfri Wood	[181]
by 1968	Sened	Afroasiatic	Tunisia
after 1965	Barngarla	Pama-Nyungan	southern Australia	Moonie Davis	[182]
after 1965	Napeca	Chapacuran	Bolivia		Semispeakers remain. [183]
24 July 1965	Barbareño	Chumashan	California, United States	Mary Yee [notes 5]	[184]
1965	Ineseño	Chumashan	California, United States		[185]
1965	Wakawaka	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[186]
c. 1964	Aariya?	spurious?	India		[187]
after 1964	Paratio	Xukuruan?	Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil		It was spoken by a few people in Pesqueira in 1964.
after 1964	Sapará	Cariban	South America		Loukotka (1968)
after 1964	Tocantins Apiaká	Cariban	South America
after 1964	Kustenau	Arawakan	Mato Grosso, Brazil
after 1964	Kunza	unclassified (isolate?)	Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
10 August 1963	Galice	Na-Dene	Oregon, United States	Hoxie Simmons
10 January 1963	Upper Umpqua	Na-Dene	Oregon, United States	Wolverton Orton
1963	Jorá	Tupi	Bolivia		[65]
1962	Wiyot	Algic	California, United States	Delia Prince	[188]
1961	Northeastern Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	California, United States
by 1961	Xocó	unclassified	Sergipe, Alagoas, Brazil		Only a few people remembered the language in 1961. It is not clear if this is a single language.
by 1961	Pankararú	unclassified	Pernambuco, Alagoas, Brazil		Only two people remembered the language in 1961.
1960	Oriel dialect of Irish	Indo-European	Ireland	Annie O'Hanlon	[189]
1960	Siuslaw	Isolate	Oregon, United States	Mary Barrett Elliott	Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick, who died in 1957. [174]
1960	Gününa Küne	Chon	Argentina
1960s	Cuitlatec	Isolate	Guerrero, Mexico	Juana Can	[190]
1960s	Luren	Sino-Tibetan	Guizhou
1960s	Timor Pidgin	Portuguese creole	East Timor		[191]
16 April 1959	Catawba	Siouan	South Carolina, United States	Chief Sam Blue	[192]
22 September 1958	Molala	Isolate	Oregon, United States	Fred Yelkes	[174]
1958	Salinan	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
25 March 1957	Natchez	Isolate	Mississippi, United States	Nancy Raven	[193] [194] The Natchez people are attempting to revive this language. [195]
by 1956	Palmela	Cariban	South America		[196]
1952–1956	Aasáx	Afroasiatic	Tanzania		[197]
after 1954	Tây Bồi	French-based Pidgin	Vietnam		[198] [199]
1954	Central Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	John B. Hudson	[174]
1954	Ifo	Austronesian	Erromanga Island, Vanuatu	James Nalig	[200]
1952	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language	Sign language	Massachusetts, United States	Katie West
1951	Alsea dialect	Isolate (Alsean)	Oregon, United States	John Albert	[174]
by 1951	Xukuru	Xukuruan	Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil		Known from a wordlist and sketch from Geraldo Lapenda (1962). Only rememberers remained by 1951.
c. 1950	Bohemian Romani	mixed language	Czechoslovakia, Central Europe		after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
1950	Kaniet	Austronesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea		[65] [201]
c. 1950s	Makuva	Trans–New Guinea?	East Timor		[59]
c. 1950s	Kilit	Indo-European	Nakhchivan		[202]
c. 1950s	Pijao	unclassified (Cariban?)	Tolima Department, Colombia		[203]
1950s	Kepkiriwát	Tupian	Rondônia, Brazil
by 1950s	Mikira	Cahuapanan	Loreto, Peru		A word list was made by Enrique Stanko Vráz and published in 1949.
mid-20th century	Ventureño	Chumashan	California, United States
mid-20th century	Basay	Austronesian	Taiwan
mid-20th century	Slovincian	Indo-European	Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century	Southern Pame	Oto-Manguean	Southern Mexico
mid-20th century	Tequiraca	Isolate	Loreto, Peru		2 people remembered the language in 2008. [204]
mid-20th century	Sensi	Panoan	right bank of Ucayali River, Peru		A word list was created by Günter Tessmann in 1930. [205]
around mid-20th century	Tubar	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
around mid-20th century?	Chico	Maiduan	Central California
6 December 1948	Tunica	Isolate	Louisiana, United States	Sesostrie Youchigant	[206]
after 1947	Gafat	Afroasiatic	along the Abbay River, Ethiopia		[207]
after 1944	Opón-Carare	Cariban	Colombia		[208]
1943	Payagua	Isolate (Mataco–Guaicuru?)	Alto Paraguay, Paraguay	María Dominga Miranda	[209]
3 March 1940	Pentlatch	Salishan	Vancouver Island, Canada	Joe Nimnim	[65] Being revived [210] [211]
28 January 1940	Chitimacha	Isolate	Louisiana, United States	Delphine Ducloux	[212]
c. 1940	Eudeve	Uto-Aztecan	Sonora, Mexico
c. 1940s	Chemakum	Chimakuan	Washington, United States
c. 1940s	Ossory dialect of Irish	Indo-European	County Kilkenny, Ireland
c. 1940s	Kitanemuk	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, or Refugia Duran
c. 1940s	Northern Manx dialect of Manx	Indo-European	Isle of Man		[213]
1940s	Tongva	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California, United States		being revived
22 May 1939	Rumsen	Utian	California, United States	Isabel Meadows	[214]
9 May 1939	Miluk	Coosan	Oregon, United States	Annie Miner Peterson	[215]
16 January 1937	Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	Louis Kenoyer
1937	Yoncalla	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	Laura Blackery Albertson	[216]
after 1936	Yarumá	Cariban	South America
1936	Narungga	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia, Australia		[217]
8 January 1935	Biloxi	Siouan	Louisiana, United States	Emma Jackson	[218]
1934	Juaneño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
1934	Chochenyo	Utian	California, United States	José Guzmán	[219]
1934	Takelma	Isolate	Oregon, United States	Frances Johnson	[220]
1933	Gabrielino	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
after 1932	Pauxiana	Cariban	Roraima, Brazil
1931–1951	Akarbale	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[221]
1931–1951	Akakede	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[221]
1931–1951	Opucikwar	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[221]
after 1931	Tonkawa	Isolate	Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, United States
after 1931	Jaquirana Remo	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil		A word list was made in 1931.
after 1931	Tuxinawa	Panoan	Acre, Brazil		A word list was made in 1931.
by 1931	Aka-Bea	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[221]
by 1931	Okojuwoi	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[221]
after 1930	Morique	Arawakan	Between the Ucayali River and Javari River
c. 1930	Mattole	Na-Dene	California, United States
29 January 1930	Mutsun	Utian	California, United States	Ascencion Solorsano
1930s	Pirlatapa	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	Blanche Tom	The last rememberer, Fred Johnson, died in 1967. [222]
c. 1930s	Cayuse	unclassified	Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kathlamet	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States	Charles Cultee	[174]
c. 1930s	Lower Chinook	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Mahican	Algic	New York, United States
c. 1930s	Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kitsai	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	Kai Kai	[223]
c. 1930s	Tapachultec	Mixe–Zoque	Southern Mexico
by 1930	Opata	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
between 1920 and 1940	Ajawa	Afroasiatic	Bauchi State, Nigeria		[224]
25 December 1929	Kaurna	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	Ivaritji	[225] now being revived
c. 1929	Bear River dialect of Mattole	Na-Dene	California, US
1928	Ottoman Turkish	Turkic	Turkey		Evolved into Turkish in 1928.
c. 1928	Anauyá	Arawakan	Castaño Viejo River Amazonas, Venezuela		Only documentation was published in 1928.
after 1927	Teshenawa	Afroasiatic	Jigawa State, Nigeria		[226]
after 1927	Tarauacá Kashinawa	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil		A word list was made in 1927.
after 1927	Blanco River Remo	Panoan	Loreto Province, Peru
after 1927	Urupá	Chapacuran	Brazil
after 1927	Yarú	Chapacuran	Brazil
after 1927	Karipuna (Jau-Navo)	Panoan	Brazil
1927	Tsetsaut	Na-Dene	British Columbia, Canada		[227]
after 1925	Subtiaba	Oto-Manguean (Subtiaba-Tlapanec)	Nicaragua
1925	Papuan Pidgin English	English-based pidgin	British New Guinea		[228]
1925	Vanji	Indo-European	Emirate of Bukhara		[229]
after 1924	Auyokawa	Afro-Asiatic	Jigawa State
January 1922	Chimariko	Isolate	California, United States	Sally Noble	[230] [231]
after 1921	Chagatai	Turkic	Central Asia including Turkmenistan		Chagtai is still studied in Uzbekistan and Turkey. [232]
30 June 1921	Tataviam	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Juan José Fustero
by 1921	Okol	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India		[233]
after 1920s	Sarghulami	Indo-European	Badakhshan		May be spurious [234]
after 1920	Sinacantán Xinca	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala		A word list was recorded by Walter Lehmann in 1920.
c. 1920	Mochica	Isolate	northwest Peru
c. 1920s	Fergana Kipchak	Turkic	Fergana Valley		[235]
c. 1920s	Otuke	Bororoan	Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz
1920s	Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe	Macro-Jê	Brazil		[236] fully in 1992 with the death of Bahetá. [237] [238] Being revived
by 1920	Yupiltepeque Xinca	Xincan	Guatemala		[239]
c. 1918	Island Carib	Cariban	Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea	Ma Gustave	[240] An offshoot survives as Garifuna.
after 1917	Pochutec	Uto-Aztecan	Oaxaca, Mexico
15 June 1917	Obispeño	Chumashan	Southern California, United States	Rosario Cooper	[241]
25 March 1916	Yahi	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States	Ishi [notes 6]	[242]
after 1915	Chiapanec	Oto-Manguean	Chiapas, Mexico		There were only 3 speakers in 1915. [243]
1915	Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States
1910s	ǀXam	Tuu	South Africa
c. 1910s	Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie	Na-Dene	Washington, United States		[244]
after 1908	Siraya	Austronesian	southwestern Taiwan		[245] being revived
18 July 1908	Mohegan-Pequot	Algic	southern New England, United States	Fidelia Fielding	[246]
after 1906	Arazaire	Panoan	Cusco Province, Peru		A word list was recorded in 1906.
24 February 1905	Flinders Island lingua franca (Tasmanian)	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	Fanny Cochrane Smith [notes 7]	[247] [248]
after 1904	Atsawaka	Panoan	Puno Province, Peru		There were 20 speakers in 1904.
after 1902	Dyirringany	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia
between 1900 and 1920	Russian Kyakala dialect of Udege language	Tungusic	Russia		[249]
between 1900 and 1920	Jangil	Ongan	Andaman Islands, India		[250]
c. 1900	Henniker Sign Language	Village sign	New Hampshire, United States
c. 1900	Moran	Sino-Tibetan	Assam, India		[251]
May 1900	Moriori	Austronesian	Chatham Island, New Zealand	Hirawanu Tapu [252]
1900	Wulguru	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
by 1900	Classical Mandaic	Afroasiatic	Iran; Iraq		[253]
by 1900	Piro Pueblo	Tanoan	New Mexico, United States
1900s	Iazychie	Indo-European	Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia		[254]
1900s	Judeo-Venetian	Indo-European	Venice		[255]
1900s	Rotvælsk	Indo-European	Denmark		[256]
early 20th century	Atakapa	Isolate	Louisiana/Texas, United States
early 20th century	Nari-Nari	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	Angus Myers [257]
early 20th century	Kamakã	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil		A few words of Kamakã have been preserved to the modern day. [258]
early 20th century	Jersey Dutch	Dutch-based creole	New Jersey, United States
early 20th century	Kazukuru	Austronesian	New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century	Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin	Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century	Chaná	Charruan	Uruguay
early 20th century	Marawán	Arawakan	Brazil
early 20th century	East Leinster dialect, Irish	Indo-European	Ireland		[259]
early 20th century	Ingain	Macro-Jê	Santa Catarina, Brazil
beginning of 20th century	Rangas	Sino-Tibetan	Uttarakhand		[260]

19th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 19th century	Wiriná	Arawakan	Brazil
19th–20th century	Yuri	Ticuna-Yuri	Along the Caquetá River.	May have developed into Carabayo.
later 19th century (?)	Mbara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	[261]
late 19th century	Adai	Isolate	Louisiana, United States
late 19th century	Purí	Isolate (Purian)	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Coroado Purí dialect of Puri	Isolate (Purian)	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Istrian Albanian	Albanian	Croatia
late 19th century	Shebaya	Arawakan	Trinidad
late 19th century	Chuvan	Yukaghir	Anadyr basin of Chukotka in Russia	[262]
late 19th century	Aruã	Arawakan	Marajó
after 1899	Nawathinehena	Algic	Oklahoma and Wyoming, United States [263]
by 1899	Ahom	Tai	India
by 1899	Waling	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	[264]
10 June 1898	Dalmatian	Indo-European	Croatia; Montenegro	with the death of Tuone Udaina. [265] [266]
after 1892	Awabakal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
after 1886	Maritsauá	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Word list was made in 1884 during the Xingú river expedition. [267]
after 1886	Solteco Zapotec	Oto-Manguean	Oaxaca, Mexico
after 1886	Cotoname	Isolate	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1886	Yanda	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Only documentation was made in 1886.
after 1884	Yaquina dialect of Alsea	Isolate (Alsean)	Oregon, United States
by 1884	Chapacura	Chapacuran	Bolivia
after 1880	Kenaboi	unclassified (isolate?)	Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
c. 1880	Auregnais	Indo-European	Alderney, United Kingdom
1877	Aruá	Arauan	Brazil
8 May 1876	Bruny Island	Eastern Tasmanian (Tasmanian)	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Truganini [notes 8]
1870s	Boanarí	Cariban	Amazonas, Brazil	[269] Only documentation was published in 1875. [270]
mid-1870s	Yola	Indo-European	Wexford, Ireland	[271]
1870s–1890s	Yokohamese	Japanese based pidgin	Yokohama	[272]
1864	Xakriabá	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais state, Brazil
after 1862	Malalí	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil	There were 30 Malalí people in 1862.
1862	Caquetio	Arawakan	Aruba	with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas [273]
after 1858	Karankawa	unclassified	Texas, United States	concurrent with the extermination of the tribe at the hands of Juan Cortina
c. 1857	Woiwurrung–Taungurung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
26 December 1856	Nanticoke	Algic	Delaware and Maryland, United States	with the death of Lydia Clark [274]
12 January 1855	Wampanoag	Algic	Massachusetts, United States	Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable [275]
after 1853	Samaritan	Afroasiatic	West Bank, Palestine/Israel	Still used as a liturgical language [276]
19 October 1853	Nicoleño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juana Maria [277]
after 1851	Wainumá-Mariaté	Arawakan	Amazonas, Colombia	A word list was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1851.
c. 1850	Norn	Indo-European	Northern Isles, United Kingdom	with the death of Walter Sutherland [278] [279]
mid-19th century	Shinnecock	Algic	New York, United States
mid-19th century	Betoi	Betoi-Saliban?	Orinoco Llanos
mid-19th century	Jaikó	Macro-Jê	southeastern Piauí
c. 1850s	Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[176]
after or during 1840s	Bororo of Cabaçal	Macro-Jê languages	Mato Grosso, Brazil
c. 1840s	Mator	Uralic	Sayan Mountains, Russia
after 1839	Gulidjan	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
1838	Nottoway	Iroquoian	Virginia, United States	with the death of Edith Turner
after 1836	Wathawurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
after 1835	Pali	Indo-European	India; Myanmar	[280]
after 1833	Esselen	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
after 1833	Cararí	Arawakan	Mucuim River, Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1833.
after 1832	Charrúa	Charruan	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Güenoa	Charruan	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Aroaqui	Arawakan	Lower Rio Negro Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1832	Parawana	Arawakan	Lower Branco River Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1831	Mepuri	Arawakan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
after 1831	Mainatari	Arawakan	Siapa River (Orinoco basin) Venezuela	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
6 June 1829	Beothuk	unclassified (Algic disputed)	Newfoundland, Canada	with the death of Shanawdithit [281]
after 1828	Comecrudo	Comecrudan	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1828	Garza	Comecrudan	Mexico
after 1828	Mamulique	Comecrudan	Nuevo León, Mexico
c. 1827	Pimenteira	Cariban	South America	[282] recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
after 1821	Karkin	Utian	California, United States
after 1821	Omok	Yukaghir	Sakha and Magadan in Russia
1820s–1830s	Acroá	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
after 1819	Peerapper	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
after 1818	Kamurú	Kariri	Eastern Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1818
after 1818	Sabujá	Kariri	Bahia, Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1818
after 1818	Koropó	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
after c. 1810s	Kotoxó	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
after c. 1810s	Arakajú	Cariban	Pará, Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
after c. 1810s	Kariaí	Arawakan	Roraima, Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
after c. 1810s	Andoquero	Witotoan	Colombia	[283]
after c. 1810s	Waraikú	Arawakan	Brazil	recorded by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in the 1810s
10 April 1815	Tambora	unclassified (Papuan)	Sumbawa	following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. [284]
after 1808	Nuennone	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
c. 1803	Bunwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
c. 1800	Krevinian	Uralic	Latvia	[285]
c. 1800	Pallanganmiddang	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
c. 19th century	Assan dialect of Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[176]
c. 19th century	Coptic	Afroasiatic	Egypt	apparently only in scattered places since the 17th century; [286] still in use as a liturgical language
c. 19th century	Crimean Gothic	Indo-European	Crimea, Ukraine
c. 19th century	Mangue	Oto-Manguean	Central America
c. 19th century	Sandy River Valley Sign Language	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or isolate	Maine, United States
c. 19th century	Volga Türki	Turkic	Idel-Ural	Evolved into Bashkir and Tatar.
19th century	Chorotega	Oto-Manguean	Costa Rica; Nicaragua	[287]
19th century	Kemi Sami	Uralic	Lapland, Finland	[288]
19th century	Matagalpa	Misumalpan	Nicaragua
19th century	Mediterranean Lingua Franca	Romance-based Pidgin	Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus	[289]
19th century	Ramaytush	Utian	California, United States
19th century	Solombala English	English–Russian pidgin	Solombala Shipyard	[290]
19th century	Amarizana	Arawakan	Meta Department, Colombia
19th century	Amazon Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia
early 19th century	Cochimí	Yuman-Cochimi (Hokan?)	Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century	Wila'	Austroasiatic	Seberang Perai, Malaysia
early 19th century	Yurats	Samoyedic	central Siberia, Russia

18th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 18th century	Esuma	Kwa	southern Côte d'Ivoire	[291]
late 18th century	Maipure	Arawakan	Upper Orinoco region
late 18th century	Ruthenian	Indo-European	Eastern Slavic regions of Poland-Lithuania	Evolved into Belarusian, Ukrainian and Rusyn.
after late 1790s	Chiriba	Panoan	Moxos Province, Bolivia	All that was recorded of it was a list of seven words in the late 1790s.
after 1794	Magiana	Arawakan	Bolivia	Attested only with the wordlist in Palau, Mercedes and Blanca Saiz 1989 [1794].
after 1791	Eora/Dharug	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	[292] Being revived
after 1791	Quiripi	Algic	Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, United States	[293]
c. 1790s	Powhatan	Algic	eastern Virginia, United States
c. 1790s	Ramanos	unclassified (isolate?) [294]	Moxos Province, Bolivia
after 1788	Gundungurra	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[295] being revived
after 1788	Otomaco	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos	Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788	Taparita	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos
after 1788	Ngunnawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[295]
after 1788	Thurawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[295]
26 December 1777	Cornish	Indo-European	Cornwall, England	with the death of Dolly Pentreath [296] [notes 9]
after 1770	Weyto	unclassified	Ethiopia
after 1770	Tamanaku	Cariban	Venezuela
1770	Cuman	Turkic	north of Black Sea; Hungary	with the death of István Varró  [ fr ] [297]
c. 1770s	Abipón	Mataco–Guaicuru	Argentina
after 1763	Susquehannock	Iroquoian	Northeastern United States	After the Conestoga massacre.
by 1763	Quingnam	unclassified	Peru	[298]
1760	Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Indo-European	Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Margaret McMurray
3 October 1756	Polabian	Indo-European	around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany	with the death of Emerentz Schultze [299]
1740	Pumpokol	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[176] [300]
late 1730s	Arin	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	with the death of Arzamas Loskutov [176]
after 1709	Dzubukuá	Kariri	Pernambuco, Brazil
18th century	Ajem-Turkic	Turkic	Iran, Eastern Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Dagestan	Evolved into Azerbaijani.
18th century	Chané dialect of Terêna	Arawakan	Argentina
18th century	Chibcha	Chibchan	Colombia
18th century	Classical Gaelic	Indo-European	Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom	The literary language. Fell out of use with the collapse of Gaelic society. [301]
18th century	Coahuilteco	Isolate/unclassified	Mexico; Texas, United States
18th century	Loup	Algic	Massachusetts and Connecticut, United States
18th century	Manao	Arawakan	Brazil
18th century	Plateau Sign Language	Contact pidgin	Columbia Plateau, United States
early 18th century	Apalachee	Muskogean	Florida, United States
early 18th century	Old Prussian	Indo-European	Poland	being revived [302]

17th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
17th–19th century	Niuatoputapu	Austronesian	Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga	[303]
late 17th to early 18th century[ dubious – discuss ]	Cacán	unclassified	northern Argentina; Chile
17th to 18th century?	Acaxee	Uto-Aztecan	Northwestern Mexico	unattested; all known documentation has been lost
17th to 18th century?	Xixime	Uto-Aztecan?	Northwestern Mexico
by 1700	Pidgin Delaware	Delaware-based pidgin	Delaware, United States	[304]
late 17th century	Sudovian	Indo-European	Lithuania
after 1699	Kipeá	Kariri	Eastern Brazil
after 1666	Old Kentish Sign Language	Village sign language	Kent, England	[305]
after mid-17th century	Favorlang	Austronesian	Taiwan
after 1643	Narragansett	Algic	New England, United States	[306]
after 1640	Yao	Cariban	Trinidad and French Guiana	Attested in a 52-word 1640 word list recorded by Joannes de Laet.
c. 1635	Jurchen	Tungusic	Manchuria, China	[307] Evolved into Manchu.
after 1618	Carolina Algonquian	Algic	North Carolina, United States	[308]
17th century	Andalusi Arabic	Afroasiatic	southern Spain
17th century	Armeno-Kipchak	Turkic	Crimea	[309]
17th century	Adhari	Indo-European	Iranian Azerbaijan	[310]
17th century	Basque–Icelandic pidgin	Basque–Icelandic Pidgin	Iceland	[311]
17th century	Cazcan	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico
17th century	Curonian	Indo-European	Latvia
17th century	Ebro Valley Aragonese	Indo-European	Ebro Valley	[312]
17th century	Etchemin	Algic	Maine, United States
17th century	Gorgotoqui	Macro-Jê	eastern Bolivia	unattested
17th century	Navarrese Romance	Indo-European	Kingdom of Navarre

16th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
16th–18th century	Gorgani	Indo-European	Gorgan	[313]
late 16th century	Knaanic	Indo-European	Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century	Laurentian	Iroquoian	Quebec/Ontario, Canada
after 1586	Palta	unclassified	Ecuador	known from only 4 words
after 1548	Taino	Arawakan	The Bahamas and Puerto Rico
c. 1535	Cueva	Chocoan (?)	Darién Province, Panama	The Cueva people were exterminated between 1510 and 1535 during Spanish colonization.
after 1516	Mamluk-Kipchak	Turkic	Egypt and Syria	[314]
after 1502	Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	northwestern China; southern Mongolia
16th century	Guanahatabey	unclassified	Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud, Cuba	only known from placenames [315]
16th century	Guanche	unclassified, maybe Berber	Canary Islands, Spain	[316]
16th century	Judaeo-Portuguese	Indo-European	Belmonte, Portugal
16th century	Meshchera	Uralic	Meshchera Lowlands	[317]
16th century	Navarro-Aragonese	Indo-European	southern Navarre, Spain	Aragonese is still spoken as a minority language in Spain.
16th century	Old Novgorod	Indo-European	Novgorod Republic	[318]
16th century	Semigallian	Indo-European	Latvia; Lithuania

15th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
end of 15th century	Mozarabic	Indo-European	Spain; Portugal	[319]
after 1492	Judaeo-Aragonese	Indo-European	North Central Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
after 1492	Judaeo-Catalan	Indo-European	Eastern Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
late 15th century	Greenlandic Norse	Indo-European	Greenland
late 15th century	Selonian	Indo-European	Latvia; Lithuania
15th century	African Romance	Indo-European	Roman Africa	[320]
15th century	Jassic	Indo-European	Hungary	[321]
15th century	Old Anatolian Turkish	Turkic	Anatolia	Emerged in Anatolia late 11th century, and developed into early Ottoman Turkish.
15th century	Old Nubian	Eastern Sudanic	Nubia	[322] Evolved into Nobiin.
15th century	Tamna	Japonic?	Tamna	[323]
15th century	Valencian Aragonese	Indo-European	Kingdom of Valencia

14th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
14th century	Bulgar	Turkic	Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia	By the 9th or 10th centuries on the Danube and by the 14th century in the Volga region. It may have ultimately given rise to the Chuvash language, which is most closely related to it.
14th century	Daylami	Indo-European	South Caspian Sea	[324]
14th century	Franco-Italian	Indo-European	Northern Italy	[325]
14th century	Galician-Portuguese	Indo-European	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal	Evolved into Galician, Portuguese, Eonavian and Fala. Some linguists argue that said languages could all still be considered modern varieties of Galician-Portuguese itself.
14th century	Khorezmian Turkic	Turkic	Central Asia	Evolved into Chagatai.
14th century	Old Uyghur	Turkic	Central Asia, East Asia
14th century	West Galindian	Indo-European	northern Poland
14th century	Zarphatic	Indo-European	northern France; west-central Germany

13th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 20 June 1244	Khitan	Mongolic	Central Asia	with the death of Yelü Chucai [326] [notes 10]
13th century	Karakhanid	Turkic	Central Asia	Evolved into Khorezmian Turkic.
13th century	Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	central Myanmar
13th century	Old Riojan	Indo-European	La Rioja
13th century	Siculo-Arabic	Afroasiatic	Emirate of Sicily	[327] Evolved into Maltese.
13th century	Skalvian	Indo-European	Scalovia
12–13th centuries	Balhae	Tungusic?	Balhae

12th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
12th century AD	Golyad	Indo-European	Protva basin	Only known member of the Dnieper-Oka language. [328]
12th century AD	Khwarezmian	Indo-European	Khwarazm
12th century AD	Pecheneg	Turkic	Eastern Europe

11th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
between 1000 and 1300	Khazar	Turkic	northern Caucasus; Central Asia
11th – 12th century AD	Cumbric	Indo-European	England/Scotland, United Kingdom
11th – 12th century AD	Jewish Babylonian Aramaic	Afroasiatic	Iraq	[329]
c. 1000	Lombardic	Indo-European	central Europe; northern Italy
between 1000 and 1500	Merya	Uralic	Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
c. 1000	Moselle Romance	Indo-European	Moselle	[330]
between 1000 and 1300	Muromian	Uralic	Vladimir Oblast, Russia
c. 1000	Old Church Slavonic	Indo-European	Eastern Europe	still used as a liturgical language
c. 1000	Shauraseni Prakrit	Indo-European	Medieval India	[331]
c. 1000	Sogdian	Indo-European	Sogdia	[332] Evolved into Yaghnobi.

10th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
10th – 12th century AD	Syriac	Afroasiatic	Turkey; Iraq; Syria	now only used as liturgical language [333]
10th – 12th century AD	Samaritan Aramaic	Afroasiatic	West Bank, Palestine; Israel	now only used as liturgical language [334]
10th century AD	Himyaritic	Afroasiatic	Yemen
10th century AD	Paishachi	Indo-European	North India	[335]
10th century AD	Pannonian Latin	Indo-European	Pannonia	[336]
10th century AD	Saka	Indo-European	Xinjiang, China	Evolved into Wakhi.
10th century AD	Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	western Tibet (Central Asia)

9th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
9th century AD or later	Pictish	Indo-European	Scotland, United Kingdom
850 AD	Tocharian A	Indo-European	Tarim Basin (Central Asia)	[337]
850 AD	Tocharian B	Indo-European	Tarim Basin	[338]
850 AD	Tocharian C	Indo-European	Tarim Basin	[339]
9th century AD	Gothic	Indo-European	Spain; Portugal; Italy	With the exception of Crimean Gothic

8th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
8th century AD	Aghwan	Northeast Caucasian	Azerbaijan	[340] Evolved into Udi.
8th century AD	British Latin	Indo-European	Roman Britain	[341]
8th century AD	Orkhon Turkic	Turkic	Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Eastern Asia	Evolved into Old Uyghur.

7th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
7th–10th century?	Goguryeo	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Korea, China
after AD 620	Rouran	Mongolic or isolate	Northern China and Mongolia	[342]
c. 600	Avestan	Indo-European	Iran	[343]
7th century AD	Baekje	Koreanic	Korea	may be more than one language.
7th century AD	Buyeo	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Manchuria
7th century AD	Gaya	unclassified	Korea	[344]
7th century AD	Mahan	Koreanic?	Mahan confederacy	[344]

6th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 6th century AD	Di	unclassified	western China
6th century AD	Ancient Cappadocian	Indo-European	Anatolia	[345]
6th century AD	Burgundian	Indo-European	Kingdom of the Burgundians	[346]
6th century AD	Dacian	Indo-European	Balkans
6th century AD	Gaulish	Indo-European	Gaul: France, Belgium, Germany and elsewhere
6th century AD	Illyrian	Indo-European	western Balkans	disputed
6th century AD	Okjeo	Koreanic?	Okjeo	[344]
6th century AD	Sabaean	Afroasiatic	Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century AD	Tuyuhun	Para-Mongolic	Northern China	Spoken around AD 500. [347]
6th century AD	Vandalic	Indo-European	Spain; North Africa
6th century AD	Ye-Maek	Koreanic?	Yemaek	[344]

5th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 5th century	Wusun	Indo-European	between the Qilian Mountains and Dunhuang
after 5th century	Tuoba	Mongolic or Turkic	Northern China
5th – 6th century	Hadramautic	Afroasiatic	Dhofar Mountains
before 6th century	Ligurian	unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European	northwestern Italy; southeastern France	[348]
after 453	Hunnic	unclassified, possibly Oghuric	from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
c. AD 400	Egyptian	Afro-Asiatic	Ancient Egypt	[349] Evolved into Coptic.
c. AD 400	Meroitic	unclassified, maybe Nubian	Sudan
5th century	Alanic	Indo-European	Alania and Iberia	[350] Evolved into Ossetian.
5th century	Isaurian	Indo-European	Anatolia
5th century	Thracian	Indo-European	eastern and central Balkans
early 5th century	Punic	Afroasiatic	North Africa
after AD 400	Phrygian	Indo-European	southeastern Bulgaria; Anatolia	[351]

4th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
4th century AD	Hismaic	Afroasiatic	Ḥismā Oasis	[352]
4th century AD	Aquitanian	Isolate or Vasconic	Novempopulania and Basque Country	Possibly evolved into Basque, or is a sister language to it.
4th century AD	Galatian	Indo-European	central Anatolia
4th century AD	Geʽez	Afroasiatic	Ethiopia; Eritrea	still used as a liturgical language [353]
4th century AD	Biblical Hebrew	Afroasiatic	Israel	revived in the 1880s
after 351 AD	Jie	Yeniseian?	North China	Close to Pumpokol. [354]
after 300 AD	Parthian	Indo-European	Iran

3rd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after AD 274	Palmyrene Aramaic	Afroasiatic	Palmyrene Empire	extended to the Western Roman Empire as far as Britannia [355]
after AD 267	Thamudic	Afroasiatic	Kingdom of Thamud	[356]
3rd century AD	Gandhari	Indo-European	Gandhara	[357]
3rd century AD	Rhaetic	unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian	eastern Alps
3rd century AD	Safaitic	Afroasiatic	Syria	[358]
3rd century AD	Sidicini	Indo-European	Italy
3rd century AD	Xianbei	Para-Mongolic	Xianbei state
c. 200 CE	Qatabanian	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen

2nd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2nd century AD	Noric	Indo-European	Austria; Slovenia
after 2nd century AD	Pisidian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
after AD 150	Bactrian	Indo-European	Afghanistan
AD 150	Marsian	Indo-European	Marsica	[359]
AD 100	Akkadian	Afroasiatic	Mesopotamia	[360]
AD 100	Armazic	Afroasiatic	South Caucasus	[361]
AD 100	Etruscan	Tyrsenian	central Italy	[362]
AD 100	Hasaitic	Afroasiatic	Al-Ahsa Oasis	[363]
c. 2nd century AD	Celtiberian	Indo-European	central-eastern Spain
c. 2nd century AD	Gallaecian	Indo-European	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal
2nd century AD	Lusitanian	unclassified	Portugal, southwestern Spain
c. 2nd century AD	Nuragic	Indo-European	Sardinia
c. 2nd century AD	Sorothaptic	Indo-European	eastern Spain

1st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 1st century AD	Xiongnu	unclassified (Yeniseian?) [364]	Mongolia	possibly multiple languages
1st – 2nd century AD	Iberian	unclassified	Spain; France
1st – 2nd century AD	Paeonian	Indo-European	Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
c. AD 50	Lycaonian	unclassified	Lycaonia
1st century AD	Liburnian	Indo-European	western Croatia
1st century AD	Median	Indo-European	Persia	[365]
1st century AD	Nabataean Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
1st century AD	Venetic	Indo-European	northeastern Italy
c. AD 100	Oscan	Indo-European	southern Italy

1st century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
50 BC	Cisalpine Gaulish	Indo-European	Cisalpine Gaul	[366]
1st century BC	Elymian	unclassified	western Sicily
1st century BC	Lycian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
1st century BC	Lydian	Indo-European	western Anatolia
1st century BC	Messapic	Indo-European	Apulia, Italy
1st century BC	Mysian	Indo-European	northwestern Anatolia
1st century BC	Sabine	Indo-European	central Italy
1st century BC	Sicanian	unclassified	central Sicily
1st century BC	Sicel	Indo-European	eastern Sicily
1st century BC	Umbrian	Indo-European	central Italy
early 1st millennium BC	Eteocretan	Isolate/unclassified	Crete, Greece
1st millennium BC	Milyan	Indo-European	Anatolia

2nd century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
c. 100 BC	Paelignian	Indo-European	Valle Peligna	[367]
100 BC	Vestinian	Indo-European	east-central Italy	[368]
c. 150 BC	Faliscan	Indo-European	Tuscany/Latium, Italy
c. 100 BC	Minaean	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen
2nd century BC	Phoenician	Afro-Asiatic	Canaan, North Africa, Cyprus, Iberia, Sicily, Malta and Sardinia

3rd century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
232 BC	Ashokan Prakrit	Indo-European	South Asia	[369]
c. 3rd century BC	Aequian	Indo-European	Latium, east-central Italy
c. 3rd century BC	Carian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
c. 3rd century BC	Elu	Indo-European	Sri Lanka	[370] Evolved into Sinhala and Dhivehi.
c. 3rd century BC	Lucanian	Indo-European	Lucania	[371]
c. 3rd century BC	Siculian	Indo-European	Sicily	[372]
c. 3rd century BC	Sidetic	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
c. 3rd century BC	Volscian	Indo-European	Italy; Latium
c. 200 BC	Numidian	Afro-Asiatic	Numidia	[373]

4th century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
early 4th century BC	Eteocypriot	Isolate/unclassified	Cyprus
4th century BC	Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	northeastern Greece
4th century BC	Kassite	Hurro-Urartian?	Babylon	[374]
4th century BC	South Picene	Indo-European	Picenum	[375]
c. 300 BC	Marrucinian	Indo-European	Chieti	[376]
c. 300 BC	Philistine	unclassified, maybe Indo-European	Israel; Lebanon
c. 350 BC	Elamite	Isolate	Persia; southern Mesopotamia

5th century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 5th century BC	Tartessian	unclassified	Spain	[377]
5th century BC	Ammonite	Afroasiatic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BC	Moabite	Afroasiatic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BC	North Picene	unclassified	Picenum
c. 400 BC	Lepontic	Indo-European	northern Italy
early 5th century BC	Oenotrian	Indo-European	Southern Italy	[378]
second half of the 1st millennium BC	Dadanitic	Afroasiatic	Lihyan	[379]

6th century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 6th century BC	Lemnian	Tyrsenian	Lemnos, Greece	[380]
second half of the 6th century BC	Taymanitic	Afroasiatic	Tayma	[381]
500 BC	Lanuvian	Indo-European	Lanuvium
500 BC	Praenestinian	Indo-European	Palestrina
500 BC	Pre-Samnite	Indo-European	Campania	[382]
6th century BC	Edomite	Afroasiatic	southwestern Jordan
6th century BC	Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Anatolia

7th century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
620–580 BC	Cimmerian	Indo-European	North Caucasus and West Asia	[383]
c. 600 BC	Dumaitic	Afroasiatic	Dumat al-Jandal	[384]
c. 600 BC	Lullubian	Hurro-Urartian?	Lullubi Kingdom
c. 600 BC	Luwian	Indo-European	Anatolia; northern Syria

8th century BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
730s BC	Samalian	Afro-Asiatic	Samʾal	[385]
770s BC	South Gileadite	Afro-Asiatic	Deir Alla	[386]
after 800 BC	Kaskian	Unclassified	Northeastern Anatolia and Colchis	[387]

2nd millennium BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
c. 1000 BC	Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	Anatolia; Syria; Mesopotamia
c. 1050 BC	Cypro-Minoan	unclassified	Cyprus	may have evolved into Eteocypriot.
c. 1100 BC	Sutean	Afro-Asiatic	Northeast Syria	Spoken around 2100 BC
c. 1100 BC	Hittite	Indo-European	Anatolia
after 1170 BC	Ugaritic	Afroasiatic	Syria	following the destruction of Ugarit
after 1200 BC	Kalasmaic	Indo-European	Kalasma	[388]
c. 1200 BC	Mycenaean Greek	Indo-European	Mycenaean Greece and western Anatolia	[389]
after 1300s BC	Mitanni-Aryan	Indo-European	Mitanni	[390]
c. 1300 BC	Palaic	Indo-European	northwest Anatolia
c. 1450 BC	Minoan	unclassified	Crete	may have evolved into Eteocretan.
c. 1500 BC	Hattic	unclassified, possibly Northwest Caucasian	Anatolia
c. 1600 BC	Amorite	Afro-Asiatic	Levant
c. 1900 BC	Harappan	unclassified, possibly Dravidian	Indus River	[391]
c. 2000-1800 BC	Sumerian	Isolate	Mesopotamia	used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 AD [392]
3rd-2nd millenium BC	Subarian	Hurro-Urartian?	Subartu

3rd millennium BC

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2200 BC	Gutian	unclassified	Zagros Mountains?
3rd millennium BC	Eblaite	Afroasiatic	Syria	[393]

Unknown date

Language	Language family	Region	Notes
Arma-Pozo	Chocoan?	Colombia
Atanque	Chibchan	Cesar Department, Colombia
Aushiri	Zaparoan	Loreto, Peru
Cabre	Arawakan	Colombia
Chakpa	Sino-Tibetan	Manipur
Community of Villages Aragonese	Indo-European	Kingdom of Aragon
Conambo	Zaparoan	Northeastern Peru, near the Conambo River.	Some consider Conambo to be a dialect of Záparo.
Dorasque	Chibchan	Panama and Costa Rica
Duit	Chibcha	Boyacá, Colombia	One fragment analysed by scholar Ezequiel Uricoechea in 1871.
Ermiteño	Chavacano	Ermita, Manila, Philippines	Spanish-based creole
Garachi	Indo-European	Azerbaijan
Gueren	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
Huetar	Chibchan	Alajuela, Costa Rica
Jandiatuba Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil
Juma	Cariban	Rondônia, Brazil
Kambojan	Indo-European	Kamboja Kingdom
Kulon	Austronesian	Taiwan
Loun	Austronesian	Maluku Islands
Mangaló	Macro-Jê	Bahia and Minas Gerais
Masakará	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
Maynas	Cahuapanan	Loreto, Peru
Menién	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
Nam	Sino-Tibetan	Central Asia
Nutabe	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
Old Catio	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
Olmec	unclassified, possibly Mixe-Zoque	Mexico
Pahlavani	Indo-European	Chakhansur District
Paleo-Corsican	unclassified	Corsica
Paravilhana	Cariban	Roraima, Brazil
Pasé	Arawakan	Brazil
Purukotó	Cariban	Brazil, Venezuela
Quimbaya	unclassified	Colombia	very poorly attested
Rocorona	Chapacuran	Bolivia
Sinúfana	Chocoan?	Colombia	Poorly attested
Sorung	Austronesian	Erromango
Suebian	Indo-European	Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia
Tiverigoto	Cariban	Venezuela
Vazimba	Austronesian	Madagascar
Villa Viciosa Agta	Austronesian	Villaviciosa, Abra Philippines	unattested
Voto	Chibchan	Costa Rica
Waamwang	Austronesian	Voh, New Caledonia
Wajumará	Cariban	Roraima, Brazil
Western Jicaque	Tolan	Honduras
Yabaâna	Arawakan	Brazil
Yumana	Arawakan	Brazil
Zacateco	Uto-Aztecan	Zacatecas, Durango	Wordlist appears to be close to Huichol [394]

See also

• Extinct language
• Language death
• Lists of endangered languages
• Lists of extinct languages

Notes

1. Last surviving native speaker.
2. Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.
3. Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean
4. The last full-blooded Selkʼnam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the language until the 1980s.
5. Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language
6. Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana
7. Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.
8. Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language; ^[268] however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.
9. Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.
10. Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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310. "AZERBAIJAN vii. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan". Encyclopædia Iranica . Retrieved 22 September 2024.
311. Hualde, Jose Ignatio. "Icelandic Basque pidgin" . Retrieved 13 June 2024. ...translation of two manuscripts written in Iceland in the seventeenth century. Since the contact situation was interrupted in the first part of the eighteenth century and was of intermittent nature, the contact pidgin probably never developed much further than the stage recorded in the manuscripts.
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313. Borjian, Habib (2008). The Extinct Language of Gurgān: Its Sources and Origins. p. 681. Hence, Gurgani must have died out sometime after the fifteenth but certainly before the nineteenth century
314. Gulnar Nadirova Logo. "Status of the Kypchak Language in Mamluk Egypt: Language - Barrier or Language - Contact?" . Retrieved 25 April 2024. Even towards the end of the Mamluk period, during the reign of the last sultan al-Ghawri (1501-1516), the Mamluk, called Asanbay min Sudun, copied the religious Hanbali tract of Abu al-Layth in Kypchak language for the royal library.
315. Granberry, Julian; Vescelius, Gary (1992). Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles. University of Alabama Press. ISBN   081735123X.
316. "Guanche". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
317. Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. p. 521.
318. "A History of the Pronominal Declension in the Novgorod Dialect of Old Russian From the Eleventh-Century to the Sixteenth-Century". ProQuest . Retrieved 9 April 2024. the 11th century, to the end of the 15th century
319. "Mozarabic:General overview". Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
320. Loporcaro, Michele (2015). Vowel Length from Latin to Romance. Oxford University Press. p. 47. Became extinct between 1920 and 1940.
321. "Yassic". Linguist List . Retrieved 18 May 2024. 15th century AD?
322. "Old Nubian". Linguist List . Retrieved 8 July 2024. 8th-15th centuries AD.
323. Alexander Vovin (2017). "Origins of the Japanese Language". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. p. 1,6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
324. Mehdi Marashi, Mohammad Ali Jazayery, Persian studies in North America: studies in honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery, Ibex Publishers, Inc., 1994, ISBN   0-936347-35-X, 9780936347356, p. 269.
325. "francoveneto" (in Italian). Zanichelli DizionariPiù: La lingua, il sapere, la cultura. 27 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
326. Kane, Daniel (2009). The Kitan Language and Script. Brill. p. 4. ISBN   978-90-04-16829-9.
327. "ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2024. Siculo Arabic is the term used for the variety (or varieties) of Arabic spoken in Sicily under the Arabs and then the Normans from the 9th to 13th centuries.
328. "Балтийские языки". lingvarium.org (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2024.
329. "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic". Ethnologue.
330. Post, Rudolf (2004). "Zur Geschichte und Erforschung des Moselromanischen". Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 68: 1–35. ISSN   0035-4473.
331. "iso639-3/psu" . Retrieved 29 June 2024. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries AD...
332. "Sogdian" . Retrieved 24 April 2024. 100 BC - 1000 AD.
333. "Syriac". Ethnologue.
334. "Samaritan Aramaic". Ethnologue.
335. "Paisaci Prakrit". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2024. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries AD, though it was probably spoken as early as the 5th century BC.
336. Alexandru Magdearu (2001). Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Bibliotheca Rerum Transsylvaniae (ed.). Românii în opera Notarului Anonim (in Romanian). Vol. 27.
337. "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Tocharian A". asjp.clld.org. Retrieved 18 June 2025. extinct since 850
338. "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Tocharian B". asjp.clld.org. Retrieved 18 June 2025. extinct since 850
339. "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Common Tocharian". asjp.clld.org. Retrieved 18 June 2025. extinct since 850
340. "Aghwan" . Retrieved 24 April 2024. 6th-8th Centuries AD.
341. Charles-Edwards, Thomas (29 November 2012). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN   978-0198217312.
342. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Cambridge University Press . 2 e20. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. PMC   7612788 . PMID   35663512. the Khüis Tolgoi inscription must have been erected between 604 and 620 AD.
343. "Ethnologue report for language code: ave". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
344. Martine Robbeets (2020). Oxford University Press (ed.). "Archaeolinguistic evidence for the farming/language dispersal of Koreanic". p. 6. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
345. Cooper, Eric; Decker, Michael J. (2012). Life And Society In Byzantine Cappadocia. p. 14. The echoes of native Cappadocian could be heard into the sixth century and perhaps beyond.
346. Lockwood, William (1972). A Panorama of Indo-European Languages. Hutchinson. ISBN   0091110211.
347. Alexander Vovin (December 2015). "Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot". Journal of Sino-Western Communications. 7 (2). Academia.edu: 157–166. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
348. Haarman, Harald, Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen (Munich: Beck, 2002), p. 125
349. "Hieroglyphics Cracked 1,000 Years Earlier Than Thought". ScienceDaily. 7 October 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2024. Following the Roman invasion of Egypt in 30 BC the use of hieroglyphics began to die out with the last known writing in the fifth century AD.
350. "Alanic". Linguist List . Retrieved 27 May 2024. 5th century AD.
351. Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Word. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN   0-19-924506-1. The last mention of Phrygian in use dates from the fifth century AD.
352. "Hismaic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. i.e. first century BC to fourth century AD
353. O'Leary, De Lacy Evans (2000). Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages. Routledge. p. 23.
354. VOVIN, Alexander; VAJDA, Edward; DE LA VAISSIÈRE, Étienne (2016). "Who were the *Kjet and What Language did they Speak?". Journal Asiatique. 304 (1): 125–144. doi:10.2143/JA.304.1.3146838. ISSN   1783-1504.
355. "Tyhe Arabic Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions". ResearchGate . Retrieved 11 May 2024. The earliest dated Palmyrene inscription is from the year 44 BC and the latest discovery has been dated to the year 274 AD.
356. Al-Jallad, Ahmad (16 November 2015). "Al-Jallad. 2018. The earliest stages of Arabic and its linguistic classification". Academia.edu . Retrieved 10 May 2024. These inscriptions are concentrated in northwest Arabia, and one occurs alongside a Nabataean tomb inscription dated to the year 267 CE.
357. "Kharosthi Manuscripts: A Window on Gandharan Buddhism" . Retrieved 13 May 2024. ... the Kharosthi script was used as a literary medium, that is, from the time of Asoka in the middle of the third century B.C. until about the third century A.D.
358. Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2 September 2019). "Al-Jallad. 2020. The month ʾdr in Safaitic and the status of spirantization in "Arabian" Aramaic". Academia.edu . doi:10.1163/17455227-BJA10013 . Retrieved 29 April 2024. A minority of dated texts suggest that the practice of carving Safaitic inscriptions spanned at least from the second century BCE to the third century CE.
359. "Marsian". Linguist List . Retrieved 13 June 2024. 300-150 BC.
360. "Linguist List - Description of Akkadian". Archived from the original on 25 December 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
361. "Armazic - MultiTree". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2024. 1st-2nd centuries AD.
362. "Etruskisch - MultiTree". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2024. 7th century BC - 100 AD.
363. "Hasaitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. They are thought to date from the first two centuries AD.
364. Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (16 June 2025). "Linguistic Evidence Suggests that Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language". Transactions of the Philological Society 1467-968X.12321. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.12321. ISSN   0079-1636.
365. "Median". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
366. "Cisalpine Gaulish". Linguist List . Retrieved 13 June 2024. ca. 150-50 BC
367. "Paelignian". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2024. Very few inscriptions exist, all from the 1st century BC.
368. "Vestinian" . Retrieved 25 January 2024.
369. Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh K. (2003). The Indo-Aryan Languages. p. 164. The inscriptions of Asoka - a king of the Maurya dynasty who reigned, based in his capital Pataliputra, from 268 to 232 BC over almost the whole of India - were engraved in rocks and pillars, in various local dialects.
370. Dharmadāsa, Kē. En. Ō (1992). Language, Religion, and Ethnic Assertiveness: The Growth of Sinhalese Nationalism in Sri Lanka. p. 188. The ingredients of group consciousness mentioned above were kept alive principally because the Sinhalese people had a literate culture starting from about the third century B.C.
371. Scheu, Frederick (1964). The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society.
372. Joseph, Brian; Klein, Jared; Wenthe, Mark; Fritz, Matthias (11 June 2018). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Vol. 3. De Gruyter. p. 1854. ISBN   978-3110542431.
373. "Berbère". Linguist List . Retrieved 8 July 2024. c. 200 BC.
374. "Kassites". Crystalinks. Retrieved 22 September 2024. Kassite (Cassite) was a language spoken by Kassites in northern Mesopotamia from approximately the 18th to the 4th century BC.
375. "South Picene". Linguist List . Retrieved 2 October 2024. 6th century BC to 4th century BC.
376. "Marrucinian" . Retrieved 2 May 2024. The tablet seems to have dated to the mid 3rd century BC.
377. "Tartessian" . Retrieved 31 January 2024.
378. Matteo Calabrese (2021). "The sacred law from Tortora". Academia.edu . pp. 281–339. Retrieved 10 October 2024. Datable between the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th century B.C., the inscription from Tortora is an Oenotrian text,
379. "Dadanitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. Dadanitic was the alphabet used by the inhabitants of the ancient oasis of Dadan, probably some time during the second half of the first millennium BC.
380. Haarman, Harald, Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen (Munich: Beck, 2002), p. 124.
381. Kootstra-Ford, Fokelien (23 August 2016). "The Language of the Taymanitic Inscriptions and its Classification". Academia.edu . Retrieved 8 May 2024. Therefore, at least part of the Taymanitic corpus can safely be dated to the second half of the 6th century BCE.
382. Piwowarczyk, Dariusz R. (2011). "Formations of the perfect in the Sabellic languages with the Italic and Indo-European background" (PDF). Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis (128): 105. Retrieved 10 October 2024. ...and Pre-Samnite (500 BC).
383. Ivantchik, Askold (2001). "The Current State of the Cimmerian Problem". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia . 7 (3): 307–339. doi:10.1163/15700570152758043 . Retrieved 30 March 2025. The development of the Classical tradition on the subject of the Cimmerians after their disappearance from the historical arena, no later than the very end of the 7th or very beginning of the 6th century BC
384. "Dumaitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. According to the Assyrian annals Dūma was the seat of successive queens of the Arabs, some of whom were also priestesses, in the eighth and seventh centuries BC.
385. "The Sam'alian Language". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2024. 820-730 BC.
386. ברוך מרגלית (October 1998). "עלילות בלעם בר-בעור מעמק סוכות" (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
387. "Historical Memory about Migration of the Kaskians in Western Georgia" . Retrieved 27 May 2024. The Kaška first appear on the territory of the Hittite empire in the 15th c. B.C. and are mentioned till 8th c. B.C.
388. Schwemer, Daniel (2024). Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi (in German). Vol. 71. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. p. XIX.
389. "Frojm Proto-Indo-European to Mycenaean Greek: A Phonological Study" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024. ... no tablets or any other inscribed vessels were found from ca. 1200 BC onwards.
390. History of Humanity: From the Third Millennium to the Seventh Century B.C. UNESCO. 31 December 1996. p. 196. ISBN   978-92-3-102811-3 . Retrieved 20 October 2024.
391. "Indus Valley Language". Linguist List. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024. 2500-1900 BC.
392. Joan Oates (1979). Babylon [Revised Edition] Thames and Hudston, Ltd. 1986 p. 30, 52-53.
393. "Palaeosyrian". Linguist List . Retrieved 1 August 2024. 3rd Millenium BC.
394. Miller, Wick R. (July 1983). "A Note on Extinct Languages of Northwest Mexico of Supposed Uto-Aztecan Affiliation". International Journal of American Linguistics. 49 (3): 328–334. doi:10.1086/465793. ISSN   0020-7071.