List of languages by time of extinction

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

An extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes extinct upon the death of its last native speaker, the terminal speaker. A language like Latin is not extinct in this sense, because it evolved into the modern Romance languages; it is impossible to state when Latin became extinct because there is a diachronic continuum (compare synchronic continuum) between ancestors Late Latin and Vulgar Latin on the one hand and descendants like Old French and Old Italian on the other; any cutoff date for distinguishing ancestor from descendant is arbitrary. For many languages which have become extinct in recent centuries, attestation of usage is datable in the historical record, and sometimes the terminal speaker is identifiable. In other cases, historians and historical linguists may infer an estimated date of extinction from other events in the history of the sprachraum.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

21st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Terminal speaker	Notes
by 2024	Tandia	Austronesian	West Papua, Indonesia		Speakers shifted to Wandamen. [1] [2]
by 2024	Mawes	Northwest Papuan?	West Papua, Indonesia		[2]
by 2024	Luhu	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia		[2]
2 May 2023	Columbia-Moses	Salishan	Washington (state), United States	Pauline Stensgar [3]
5 October 2022	Mednyj Aleut	Mixed Aleut–Russian	Commander Islands, Russia	Gennady Yakovlev [4]
16 February 2022	Yahgan	Isolate	Magallanes, Chile	Cristina Calderón [5]
2022	Moghol	Mongolic	Herat Province		[6]
25 September 2021	Wukchumni dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts	Yokuts	California, United States	Marie Wilcox [7]
27 August 2021	Yuchi	Isolate	Tennessee (formerly), Oklahoma, United States	Maxine Wildcat Barnett [8]
7 March 2021	Bering Aleut	Eskimo-Aleut	Kamchatka Krai, Russia	Vera Timoshenko [9]
2 February 2021	Juma	Tupian	Rondônia, Brazil	Aruka Juma [10]
2 December 2020	Tuscarora	Iroquoian	North Carolina, United States	Kenneth Patterson [11]
4 April 2020	Aka-Cari	Great Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Licho [12]
23 March 2019	Ngandi	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	C. W. Daniels [13] [14]
4 January 2019	Tehuelche	Chonan	Patagonia, Argentina	Dora Manchado [15] [16]
9 December 2016	Mandan	Siouan	North Dakota, United States	Edwin Benson [17]
30 August 2016	Wichita	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	Doris McLemore [18]
29 July 2016	Gugu Thaypan	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Tommy George [19]
11 February 2016	Nuchatlaht dialect of Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan	British Columbia, Canada	Alban Michael [20]
4 January 2016	Whulshootseed	Salishan	Washington, United States	Ellen Williams [21] [22]
4 February 2014	Klallam	Salishan	Washington, United States	Hazel Sampson [23] [24] [notes 1]
By 2014	Demushbo	Panoan	Amazon Basin, Brazil
By 2014	Sarghulami	Indo-European	Badakhshan		[25]
5 June 2013	Livonian	Uralic	Latvia	Grizelda Kristiņa [26] [notes 2]	Under a process of revival. [27]
26 March 2013	Yurok	Algic	California, United States	Archie Thompson [28]	Under a process of revival. [29]
By 2013	Sabüm	Mon–Khmer	Perak, Malaysia		2013 extinction is based on ISO changing it from living to extinct in 2013
2 October 2012	Cromarty dialect of Scots	Indo-European	Northern Scotland, United Kingdom	Bobby Hogg [30]
11 July 2012	Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Gladys Thompson [31]
10 March 2012	Holikachuk	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Wilson "Tiny" Deacon [32]
c. 2012	Dhungaloo	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Roy Hatfield [33]
c. 2012	Ngasa	Nilotic	Tanzania		Most speakers have shifted to Chaga
by 2012	Mardijker	Portuguese-based Creole	Jakarta, Indonesia	Oma Mimi Abrahams [34]
10 April 2011	Apiaká	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Pedrinho Kamassuri [35]
2011	Lower Arrernte	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	Brownie Doolan Perrurle [36]
by 2011	Anserma	Chocoan	Antioquia Department, Colombia
24 October 2010	Pazeh	Austronesian	Taiwan	Pan Jin-yu [37]
20 August 2010	Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole	Portuguese-based Creole	Southern India	William Rozario [37]
26 January 2010	Aka-Bo	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Boa Sr. [38]
November 2009	Aka-Kora	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Ms. Boro [39]
22 February 2009	Aka-Jeru	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Nao Jr. [40]
2009	Nyawaygi	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Willie Seaton [41]
by 2009	Muruwari	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia		[42]
by 2009	Agavotaguerra	Arawakan	Brazil		[43]
by 2009	Arikem	Tupian	Brazil		[44]
by 2009	Karipúna	Tupian	Brazil		[45]
by 2009	Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe	Macro-Jê	Brazil		[46]
by 2009	Aribwatsa	Austronesian	Papua New Guinea		[47]
by 2009	Lelak	Austronesian	Sarawak, Malaysia
by 2009	Papora-Hoanya	Austronesian	Taiwan		[48]
by 2009	Warluwara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
30 July 2008	Tübatulabal	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	James Andreas	[49]
after April 2008	Dura	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	Soma Devi Dura [50]
24 February 2008	Plains Apache	Na-Dene	Oklahoma, United States	Alfred Chalepah Jr.
21 January 2008	Eyak	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Marie Smith Jones [51]
Late 2000s	Ruga	Sino-Tibetan	East Garo Hills district		Most people who identify themselves as Ruga speak Garo.
after 2007 AD	Rusenu	Trans–New Guinea?	eastern East Timor		[52]
2007	Northeastern Maidu	Maiduan	Central California		Under process of revival
10 August 2007	Gros Ventre	Algic	Montana, United States	Theresa Lamebull [53] [54]
c. 2007	Javindo	Dutch-based creole	Java, Indonesia		[55]
by 2007	Hpun	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar		[56]
by 2007	Hoti	Austronesian	Seram, Indonesia
11 July 2006	Wasco dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Madeline Brunoe McInturff [57]
2006	Zire	Austronesian	New Caledonia
2006	Ludza dialect of Estonian	Uralic	Latvia	Nikolājs Nikonovs [58]
by 2006	Zumaya	Afroasiatic	Cameroon		[59] Most speakers have shifted to Fula.
3 November 2005	Osage	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	Lucille Roubedeaux [60]
2005	Berbice Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	Bertha Bell [61]
by 2005	Barrow Point	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Urwunjin Roger Hart [62]
by 2005	Kerek	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Chukotka		[63]
20 September 2004	Nüshu script	unclassified	Hunan, China	Yang Huanyi [64] [65]
ca. 2004 (?)	Duli	Niger-Congo	Cameroon		[66]
29 December 2003	Akkala Sami	Uralic	Kola Peninsula, Russia	Marja Sergina [67] [68]
22 November 2003	Wintu	Wintuan	California, United States	Flora Jones [69]
14 September 2003	Klamath-Modoc	Isolate	Oregon, United States	Neva Eggsman [70] [71]
September 2003	Garig Ilgar	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia		[72]
by 2003	Alngith	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2003	Areba	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[73]
by 2003	Atampaya	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[74]
by 2003	Umbindhamu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		[75]
by 2003	Makolkol	Unclassified	New Britain, Papua New Guinea		possible Papuan language
2003	Umotína	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Brazil
4 November 2002	Serrano	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Dorothy Ramon	A revitalization process is happening.
31 August 2002	Unami	Algic	Delaware, United States	Edward Thompson [76] [notes 3]
23 May 2002	Gaagudju	Isolate	Northern Territory, Australia	Big Bill Neidjie [77]
by 2001	Amanayé	Tupian	Brazil		[78]
c. 2000	Chiapanec	Oto-Manguean	Chiapas, Mexico
c. 2000	Mapia	Austronesian	Mapia Atoll, Indonesia
c. 2000	Cholón	Hibito–Cholon	Huallaga River Valley
c. 2000	Lapachu	Arawakan	Apolobamba		It is possible there are still a few very old speakers.
c. 2000	Poyanawa	Panoan	Acre, Brazil		12 speakers were reported in 1992.
By 2000	Central Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	Northern California
By 2000	Maku language of Auari	Unclassified	Roraima, Brazil	Sinfrônio Magalhães (Kuluta)
c. 2000	Rennellese Sign Language	Unclassified	Solomon Islands	Kagobai	[79]
2000s	Shiriana	Arawakan	Brazil

20th century

Date	Language or dialect	Language family	Region	Notes
20th-21st century (?)	Ayabadhu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[80]
20th-21st century (?)	Aghu Tharnggala	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[80]
20th-21st century (?)	Adithinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Arritinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Gurnai	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia	now being revived [80]
20th-21st century	Southern Kayapó	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Hypothesized to be the ancestor of Panará.
late 20th century (?)	Nganyaywana	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 20th century (?)	Ngamini	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia
late 20th century (?)	Nila	Austronesian	Nila Island, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Nila [81]
late 20th century (?)	Serua	Austronesian	Mount Serua, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Serua [81]
late 20th century	Newfoundland Irish	Indo-European	Newfoundland, Canada	[82]
late 20th century	Soyot	Turkic	Buryatia, Khövsgöl Province	Partly revitalized
late 20th century	Saraveca	Arawakan	Eastern lowlands Bolivia
From 1980 to 2000	Tepecano	Uto-Aztecan	Central Mexico	Last known speaker Lino de la Rosa was alive in 1980
c. 2000	Mesmes	Afroasiatic	Ethiopia	with the death of Abegaz [83] [84]
c. 2000	Kamarian	Austronesian	west Seram Island, Indonesia
2000	Sowa	Austronesian	Pentecost Island, Vanuatu	with the death of Maurice Tabi [85]
late 1990s	Munichi	unclassified	Loreto Region, Peru	with the death of Victoria Huancho Icahuate
1999	Nyulnyul	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Carmel Charles [86]
by 1999	Ineseño	Chumashan	California, United States	[87]
1998	Yola	Indo-European	County Wexford, Ireland
1998	Mlahsô	Afroasiatic	Syria; Turkey	with the death of Ibrahim Hanna [88]
by 1998	Skepi Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	[89]
after or in 1997	Aribwatsa	Lower Markham languages	Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea	Exact date of extinction is unknown although it's believed to be in 2000. Most descendants have switched to the Bukawa language.
1997-98	Ngarnka	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
January 1997	Sireniki Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	Chukotka Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Valentina Wye [90]
1997	Guazacapán	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala
1997	Jumaytepeque	Xincan	By Volcán Jumaytepeque, Guatemala
ca. 1996 (?)	Malaryan	Dravidian	Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India	[91]
16 December 1996	Iowa-Oto	Siouan	Oklahoma and Kansas, United States	with the death of Truman Washington Dailey [92]
1996	Chiquimulilla	Xincan	Chiquimulilla, Guatemala	The last semi-speaker Julian de la Cruz died in 1996.
by 1996	Katabaga	Austronesian	Philippines	[93]
by 1996	Palumata	Austronesian?	Maluku, Indonesia	[94]
before 1996	Seru	Austronesian	Sarawak, Malaysia	[95]
5 November 1995	Kasabe	Niger–Congo	Cameroon	with the death of Bogon [96]
6 August 1995	Martuthunira	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	with the death of Algy Paterson [97]
8 January 1995	Northern Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Edna Campbell Guerrero
16 May 1994	Luiseño language	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California	with the death of Villiana Calac Hyde. A revitalization process is happening.
30 April 1994	Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu languages	Japan	with the death of Take Asai [98]
13 July 1993	Eastern Abnaki	Algic	Maine, United States	with the death of Madeline Shay [99] [100]
1993	Andoa	Zaparoan	Peru	[101]
7 October 1992	Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	Balıkesir Province, Turkey	with the death of Tevfik Esenç [102]
23 February 1991	Roncalese (Erronkariko) dialect	Basque (isolate)	Spain	with the death of Fidela Bernat [103]
1991	Pánobo	Panoan	Peru	[104]
1991	Ullatan	Dravidian	India	[105]
30 July 1990	Wappo	Yuki–Wappo	California, United States	with the death of Laura Fish Somersal [106]
1990	Shasta	Shastan	California, United States
Early 1990’s	Hermit	Austronesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	It has been mostly replaced by Seimat.
ca. 1990s	Inku	Indo-European	Afghanistan	[107]
ca. 1990s	Lumaete dialect of Kayeli	Austronesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	[108]
ca. 1990s	Taman variety of Sak	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar	[109]
ca. 1990s	Unggumi	Worrorra	Australia	with the death of Morndi Munro [110]
1990s?	Berti	Saharan	Dafur and Kordofan, Sudan
20 September 1989	Kamas	Uralic	Sayan Mountains, Soviet Union	with the death of Klavdiya Plotnikova
March 1989	Leliali dialect of Kayeli	Austronesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	[108] [111]
ca. 1989	Hukumina	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	[112]
1989	Miami-Illinois	Algic	along the Mississippi River, United States
1989	Kungarakany	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Madeline England [111] [113]
16 September 1988	Atsugewi	Palaihnihan	California, United States	with the death of Medie Webster [114]
1988	ǁXegwi	Tuu	South Africa	with the death of Jopi Mabinda [115]
ca. 1987	Bidyara	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[116]
ca. 1987	Laua	Trans-New Guinea	Papua New Guinea
4 February 1987	Cupeño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Roscinda Nolasquez [117]
1987	Dyangadi	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[118]
1987	Negerhollands	Dutch-based creole	U.S. Virgin Islands	with the death of Alice Stevens
by 1987	Basa-Gumna	Niger-Congo	Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria	[119]
by 1987	Yugambal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[120]
ca. 1986	Bikya	Niger-Congo	Cameroon
ca. 1986	Bishuo	Niger-Congo	Cameroon
April 1986	Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Jack Butler [121]
1986	Mangala	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	[122]
1986	Volow	Austronesian	Vanuatu	with the death of Wanhan [123]
late 1980s to early 1990s	Cahuarano	Zaparoan	Along the Nanay River in Peru.
18 March 1984	Deeside dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Indo-European	Scotland	with the death of Jean Bain [124]
1984	Yavitero	Arawakan	Venezuela	[111] [125]
February 1983	Antrim Irish	Indo-European	Ireland	with the death of Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaig [126] [127]
ca. 1983	Yangman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	[128]
June 1982	Kansa	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Ralph Pepper
1982	Bala	Tungusic	Zhangguangcai Range	[129]
1982	Dagoman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Martha Hart [130]
by 1982	Dyugun	Australian	Western Australia	[131]
by 1982	Kato	Na-Dene	California, United States	[132]
after 1981	Dirari	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	[133]
after 1981	Dyaberdyaber	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	[134] [135]
after 1981	Erre	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	[136]
after 1981	Umbugarla	Arnhem Land languages or Darwin Region languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Butcher Knight
after 1981	Yawarawarga	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and South Australia	[137]
ca. 1981	Ternateño	Portuguese Creole	Maluku, Indonesia	[138]
1 May 1981	Pitta Pitta	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia [139]
1981	Nagarchal	Dravidian?	India
1981	Warrungu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Alf Palmer [140] [141]
by 1981	Bina	Austronesian	Central Province (Papua New Guinea)
1980	Twana	Salishan	Washington, United States	[111] [142]
1980	Yalarnnga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
1980s AD	Alchuka	Tungusic	Heilongjiang
late 1970s - 1980s [135]	Flinders Island	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	last known speaker was Johnny Flinders [140]
between 1971 and 1981	Kwadi	Khoe	southwestern Angola	[143]
1970s – 1980s	Chicomuceltec	Mayan	Mexico; Guatemala
22 February 1979	Barranbinja	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	with the death of Emily Margaret Horneville
3 November 1977	Shuadit	Indo-European	southern France	with the death of Armand Lunel [111] [144]
24 August 1977	Ngawun	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Cherry O'Keefe [145]
13 July 1977	Nooksack	Salishan	Washington, United States	with the death of Sindick Jimmy [111]
ca. 1977	Arran Gaelic	Indo-European	Isle of Arran	With the death of Donald Craig. [146]
ca. 1977	Nagumi	Niger-Congo	Cameroon	[147]
by 1977 AD	Babuza	Austronesian	Taiwan	[148]
by 1977 AD	Luilang	Austronesian	Banqiao District	[148]
between 1976 and 1999	Kw'adza	Afroasiatic	Tanzania	[149]
after 1976	Muskum	Afroasiatic	western Chad	[150]
1975	Yugh	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Soviet Union	[111] [151]
before 1975	Homa	Niger-Congo	southern Sudan	[152]
27 December 1974	Manx	Indo-European	Isle of Man, British islands	with the death of Ned Maddrell. Now being revived as a second language [153]
28 May 1974	Ona	Chon	Tierra del Fuego, Argentina	with the death of Ángela Loij [notes 4]
1974	Moksela	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	[154]
before 1974	Cacaopera	Misumalpan	El Salvador	[155]
after 1973	Môa Remo	Panoan	Along the Môa River of Amazonas, Peru	A word list was created in 1973.
By 1974	Dicamay Agta	Austronesian	Luzon, Philippines	The Dicamay Agta were killed by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974.
9 October 1972	Tillamook	Salishan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Minnie Scovell [111]
5 February 1972	Hanis	Coosan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Martha Harney Johnson [156]
1972	Mbabaram	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Albert Bennett [157]
1970s	Damin	Constructed	Mornington Island
after 1968	Paratio	Xukuruan	Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil	It was spoken by a few people in Pesqueira in 1968. Loukotka (1968)
1968	Welsh-Romani	Romani	Wales, United Kingdom	with the death of Manfri Wood [158]
before 1968	Sened	Afroasiatic	Tunisia
after 1965	Barngarla	Pama-Nyungan	southern Australia	with the death of Moonie Davis [159]
24 July 1965	Barbareño	Chumashan	California, United States	with the death of Mary Yee [160] [notes 5]
1965	Wakawaka	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[161]
ca. 1964	Aariya	spurious	India	[162]
10 August 1963	Galice	Na-Dene	Oregon, United States	with the death of Hoxie Simmons
10 January 1963	Upper Umpqua	Na-Dene	Oregon, United States	with the death of Wolverton Orton
1963	Jorá	Tupi	Bolivia	[111]
after 1962	Xukuru	Xukuruan	Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil	Known from a wordlist and sketch from Geraldo Lapenda (1962).
1962	Wiyot	Algic	California, United States	with the death of Delia Prince [163]
after 1961	Wyandot	Iroquoian	Oklahoma, United States; Quebec, Canada
after 1961	Pankararú	unclassified	Pernambuco, Alagoas, Brazil	Only two people remembered the language in 1961.
after 1961	Xocó	unclassified	Sergipe, Alagoas, Brazil	Only a few people remembered the language in 1961 It is not clear if this is a single language.
1961	Northeastern Pomo	Pomoan(Hokan?)	California, United States
1960	Oriel dialect, Irish	Indo-European	Ireland	with the death of Annie O'Hanlon [164] [165]
1960	Siuslaw	Isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of Mary Barrett Elliott. Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick [156]
1960s	Cuitlatec	Isolate	Guerrero, Mexico	with the death of Juana Can. [166]
1960s	Luren	Sino-Tibetan	Guizhou
1960s	Pirlatapa	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	[167]
1960s	Timor Pidgin	Portuguese creole	East Timor	[168]
16 April 1959	Catawba	Siouan	South Carolina, United States	with the death of Chief Sam Blue [169]
22 September 1958	Molala	Isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of Fred Yelkes [156]
1958	Salinan	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
1958	Omurano	Zaparoan	Peru	[111] [170]
25 March 1957	Natchez	Isolate	Mississippi, United States	[171] with the death of Nancy Raven. [172] The Natchez people are attempting to revive this language. [173]
1952-1956	Aasáx	Afroasiatic	Tanzania	[174]
after 1955	Wotapuri-Katarqalai	Indo-European	Afghanistan	[175]
after 1954	Tây Bồi	French-based Pidgin	Vietnam	[176] [177]
1954	Central Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of John B. Hudson [156]
1954	Ifo	Austronesian	Erromanga Island, Vanuatu	with the death of James Nalig [178]
1952	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language	Sign language	Massachusetts, United States	with the death of Katie West
1951	Alsea dialect	Isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of John Albert [156]
ca. 1950	Bohemian Romani	mixed language	Czechoslovakia, Central Europe	after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
1950	Kaniet	Austronesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	[111] [179]
ca. 1950s	Makuva	Trans–New Guinea?	East Timor	[52]
ca. 1950s	Kilit	Indo-European	Nakhchivan	[180]
ca. 1950s	Pijao	unclassified	Tolima Department, Colombia	[181]
1950s	Kepkiriwát	Tupian	Rondônia, Brazil
mid-20th century	Ventureño	Chumashan	California, United States
mid-20th century	Kawishana	Arawakan	Brazil	presumably extinct
mid-20th century	Basay	Austronesian	Taiwan
mid-20th century	Sidi	Niger-Congo	Kathiawar, India; also known as Habsi.
mid-20th century	Slovincian	Indo-European	Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century	Southern Pame	Oto-Manguean	Southern Mexico
mid-20th century	Kipea	Macro-Gê	Eastern Brazil
mid-20th century	Dzubukua	Macro-Gê	Pernambuco, Brazil
mid-20th century	Tequiraca	Tequiraca–Canichana?	Loreto, Peru
around mid-20th century	Tubar	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
around mid-20th century?	Chico	Maiduan	Central California
after 1949	Kunza	unclassified	Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
after 1949	Mikira	Cahuapanan	Loreto, Peru	A word list was made by Enrique Stanko Vráz in 1949.
6 December 1948	Tunica	Isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Sesostrie Youchigant [182]
after 1947	Gafat	Afroasiatic	along the Abbay River, Ethiopia	[183]
3 March 1940	Pentlatch	Salishan	Vancouver Island, Canada	with the death of Joe Nimnim [111]
28 January 1940	Chitimacha	Isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Delphine Ducloux [184]
ca. 1940	Eudeve	Uto-Aztecan	Sonora, Mexico
ca. 1940s	Chemakum	Chimakuan	Washington, United States
ca. 1940s	Ossory dialect of Irish	Indo-European	County Kilkenny, Ireland
ca. 1940s	Kitanemuk	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the deaths of Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran
ca. 1940s	Northern Manx	Indo-European	Isle of Man	[185]
22 May 1939	Rumsen	Utian	California, United States	with the death of Isabel Meadows [186]
9 May 1939	Miluk	Coosan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Annie Miner Peterson [187]
by or after 1939	Judaeo-Piedmontese	Indo-European	Northwestern Italy
16 January 1937	Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Louis Kenoyer
1937	Yoncalla	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Laura Blackery Albertson [188]
1936	Narungga	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia, Australia	[189]
8 January 1935	Biloxi	Siouan	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Emma Jackson [190]
1934	Juaneño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
1934	Puelche	Chon	Argentina	with the death of Trruúlmani
1934	Takelma	Isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of Frances Johnson [191]
1933	Gabrielino	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
between 1931 and 1951	Akar-Bale	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[192]
between 1931 and 1951	Aka-Kede	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[192]
between 1931 and 1951	A-Pucikwar	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[192]
after 1931	Tonkawa	Isolate	Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, United States
after 1931	Jaquirana Remo	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was made in 1931.
after 1931	Tuxinawa	Panoan	Acre, Brazil	A word list was made in 1931.
by 1931	Aka-Bea	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[192]
by 1931	Oko-Juwoi	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[192]
after 1930	Sensi	Panoan	right bank of Ucayali River, Peru	A word list was created by Günter Tessmann in 1930.
c. 1930	Mattole	Na-Dene	California, United States
29 January 1930	Mutsun	Utian	California, United States	with the death of Ascencion Solorsano
c. 1930s	Cayuse	Isolate/unclassified	Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kathlamet	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States	with the death of Charles Cultee [156]
c. 1930s	Lower Chinook	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Mahican	Algic	New York, United States
c. 1930s	Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kitsai	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Kai Kai [193]
c. 1930s	Tapachultec	Mixe–Zoque	Southern Mexico
before 1930s	Kwalhioqua	Na-Dene	Washington, United States
by 1930	Opata	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
between 1920 and 1940	Ajawa	Afroasiatic	Bauchi State, Nigeria	[194]
25 December 1929	Kaurna	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	with the death of Ivaritji, [195] now being revived
c. 1929	Bear River	Na-Dene	California, US
1928	Ottoman Turkish	Turkic	Turkey	Evolved into Turkish in 1928.
after 1927	Tarauacá Kashinawa	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was made in 1927.
after 1927	Blanco River Remo	Panoan	Loreto Province, Peru	A word list was made in 1927.
after 1925	Subtiaba	Oto-Manguean or Subtiaba-Tlapanec	Nicaragua
1925 AD	Vanji	Indo-European	Emirate of Bukhara	[196]
January 1922	Chimariko	Isolate	California, United States	with the death of Sally Noble [197] [198]
after 1921	Chagatai	Turkic	Central Asia including Turkmenistan	Chagtai is still studied in Uzbekistan and Turkey. [199]
30 June 1921	Tataviam	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juan José Fustero
by 1921	Aka-Kol	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[200]
After 1920	Sinacantán	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala	A word list was created by Walther Lehmann in 1920.
ca. 1920	Mochica	Chimuan	northwest Peru
ca. 1920s	Fergana Kipchak	Turkic	Fergana Valley	[201]
ca. 1920s	Chochenyo	Utian	California, United States
ca. 1920s	Island Carib	Cariban	Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea	An offshoot survives as Garifuna.
around the 1920s	Otuke	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz
by 1920	Yupiltepeque	Xincan	Guatemala	[202]
after 1917	Pochutec	Uto-Aztecan	Oaxaca, Mexico
15 June 1917	Obispeño	Chumashan	Southern California, United States	with the death of Rosario Cooper [203]
25 March 1916	Yahi	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Ishi [204] [notes 6]
1915	Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States
1910s	ǀXam	Tuu	South Africa
after 1908	Siraya	Austronesian	southwestern Taiwan	[205]
18 July 1908	Mohegan-Pequot	Algic	southern New England, United States	with the death of Fidelia Fielding [206]
24 February 1905	Tasmanian	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith [207] [208] [notes 7]
after 1906	Arazaire	Panoan	Cusco Province, Peru	A word list was done in 1906.
after 1904	Atsawaka	Panoan	Puno Province, Peru	There were 20 speakers in 1904.
after 1902	Dyirringany	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia
between 1900 and 1920	Chinese Kyakala	Tungusic	Northeastern China	[209]
between 1900 and 1920	Jangil	Ongan	Andaman Islands, India	[210]
ca. 1900	Henniker Sign Language	Village sign	New Hampshire, United States
ca. 1900	Tongva language	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California, United States	A revitalization process is happening.
ca. 1900	Payagua language	Mataco–Guaicuru?	Alto Paraguay, Paraguay
ca. 1900	Moran	Sino-Tibetan	Assam, India	[211]
1900	Wulguru	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
by 1900	Classical Mandaic	Afroasiatic	Iran; Iraq	[212]
by 1900	Piro Pueblo	Tanoan	New Mexico, United States
1900s AD	Iazychie	Indo-European	Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia	[213]
1900s AD	Judeo-Venetian	Indo-European	Venice	[214]
1900s AD	Rotvælsk	Indo-European	Denmark	[215]
early 20th century	Atakapa	Isolate	Louisiana/Texas, United States
early 20th century	Kamakã	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
early 20th century	Jersey Dutch	Dutch-based creole	New Jersey, United States
early 20th century	Kazukuru	Austronesian	New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century	Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin	Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century	Chaná	Charruan	Uruguay
early 20th century	Marawán	Arawakan	Brazil
early 20th century	East Leinster dialect, Irish	Indo-European	Ireland	[216]
early 20th century	Ingain	Macro-Jê	Santa Catarina, Brazil
beginning of the 20th century AD	Rangas	Sino-Tibetan	Uttarakhand	[217]

19th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
19th-20th century	Yuri	Ticuna-Yuri	Along the Caquetá River.
late 19th century	Adai	Isolate	Louisiana, United States
late 19th century	Purí	Macro-Jê	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Coroado Purí	Macro-Jê	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Istrian Albanian	Albanian	Croatia
late 19th century	Shebaya	Arawakan	Trinidad
later 19th century (?)	Mbara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	[218]
May 1900	Moriori	Austronesian	Chatham Island, New Zealand	with the death of Hirawanu Tapu. [219]
ca. 1899	Nawathinehena	Algic	Oklahoma and Wyoming, United States [220]
by 1899	Ahom	Tai	India
by 1899	Waling	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	[221]
10 June 1898	Dalmatian	Indo-European	Croatia; Montenegro	with the death of Tuone Udaina. [222] [223]
after 1894	Tsetsaut	Na-Dene	British Columbia, Canada
after 1892	Awabakal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
after 1886	Maritsauá	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Word list was made in 1884 during the Shingú river expedition.
after 1886	Solteco Zapotec	Oto-Manguean	Oaxaca, Mexico
after 1886	Comecrudo	Comecrudan	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1886	Cotoname	Isolate	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1884	Yaquina dialect	Isolate	Oregon, United States
after 1880	Kenaboi	Unclassified (isolate?)	Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
ca. 1880	Auregnais	Indo-European	Alderney, United Kingdom
1877	Aruá	Arauan	Brazil
after 1871	Duit	Chibcha	Boyacá, Colombia	One fragment analysed by scholar Ezequiel Uricoechea in 1871.
8 May 1876	Bruny Island	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Truganini [notes 8]
mid-1870s	Yola	Indo-European	Wexford, Ireland	[225]
21 February 1871	Tutelo	Siouan	Virginia, United States	with the death of Nikonha [226] [notes 9]
1870	Clatskanie	Na-Dene	Washington (state), United States
1870s-1890s AD	Yokohamese	Japanese based pidgin	Yokohama	[227]
after 1867	Andoquero	Witotoan	Colombia	[228]
1864	Xakriabá	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais state, Brazil
1862	Caquetio	Arawakan	Aruba	with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas [229]
1858	Karankawa	unclassified	Texas, United States	concurrent with the extermination of the tribe at the hands of Juan Cortina
ca. 1857	Woiwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
26 December 1856	Nanticoke	Algic	Delaware and Maryland, United States	with the death of Lydia Clark [230]
12 January 1855	Wampanoag	Algic	Massachusetts, United States	Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable [231]
after 1853	Samaritan	Afroasiatic	West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories	Still used as a liturgical language [232]
19 October 1853	Nicoleño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juana Maria [233]
after 1851	Wainumá-Mariaté	Arawakan	Amazonas, Colombia	A word list was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1851.
after 1850	Hibito	Hibito–Cholon	Bobonaje River Valley	There were 500 Speakers in 1850.
ca. 1850	Norn	Indo-European	Northern Isles, United Kingdom	with the death of Walter Sutherland [234] [235]
mid-19th century	Shinnecock	Algic	New York, United States
mid-19th century	Betoi	Betoi-Saliban?	Orinoco Llanos
ca. 1850s	Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[151]
after or during 1840s	Bororo of Cabaçal	Macro-Jê languages	Mato Grosso, Brazil
ca. 1840s	Mator	Uralic	Sayan Mountains, Russia
after 1839	Gulidjan	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
1838	Nottoway	Iroquoian	Virginia, United States	with the death of Edith Turner
after 1836	Wathawurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
after 1835	Pali	Indo-European	India; Myanmar	[236]
after 1833	Esselen	Isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
after 1833	Cararí	Arawakan	Mucuim River, Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1833.
after 1832	Charrúa	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Guenoa language	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Aroaqui	Arawakan	Lower Rio Negro Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1832	Parawana	Arawakan	Lower Branco River Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1831	Mepuri	Arawakan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
after 1831	Mainatari	Arawakan	Siapa River (Orinoco basin) Venezuela	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
6 June 1829	Beothuk	Algic (disputed)	Newfoundland, Canada	with the death of Shanawdithit [237]
after 1828	Garza	Comecrudan	Mexico
after 1828	Mamulique	Comecrudan	Nuevo León, Mexico
1821	Karkin	Utian	California, United States
1820s-1830s	Acroá	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
after 1819	Peerapper	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
10 April 1815	Tambora	unclassified (Papuan)	Sumbawa	following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. [238]
after 1808	Nuennone	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
ca. 1803	Bunwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 1800	Krevinian	Uralic	Latvia	[239]
ca. 1800	Pallanganmiddang	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 19th century	Assan	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[151]
ca. 19th century	Coptic	Afroasiatic	Egypt	apparently only in scattered places since the 17th century; [240] still in use as a liturgical language
ca. 19th century	Crimean Gothic	Indo-European	Crimea, Ukraine
ca. 19th century	Mangue	Oto-Manguean	Central America
ca. 19th century	Sandy River Valley Sign Language	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or isolate	Maine, United States
ca. 19th century	Volga Türki	Turkic	Idel-Ural	Evolved into Bashkir and Tatar.
19th century	Chorotega	Oto-Manguean	Costa Rica; Nicaragua	[241]
19th century	Jaikó	Macro-Jê	southeastern Piauí
19th century	Kemi Sami	Uralic	Lapland, Finland	[242]
19th century	Matagalpa	Misumalpan	Nicaragua
19th century	Mediterranean Lingua Franca	Romance-based Pidgin	Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus	[243]
19th century	Ramaytush	Utian	California, United States
19th century	Solombala English	English–Russian pidgin	Solombala Shipyard	[244]
early 19th century	Cochimí	Yuman-Cochimi (Hokan?)	Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century	Pumpokol	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[151]
early 19th century	Wila'	Austroasiatic	Seberang Perai, Malaysia
early 19th century	Yurats	Samoyedic	central Siberia, Russia

18th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 18th century	Esuma	Kwa	southern Côte d'Ivoire	[245]
late 18th century	Maipure	Arawakan	Upper Orinoco region
late 18th century	Ruthenian	Indo-European	Eastern Slavic regions of Poland-Lithuania	Evolved into Belarusian, Ukrainian and Rusyn.
after the late 1790s	Chiriba	Panoan	Moxos Province, Bolivia	All that was recorded of it was a list of seven words in the late 1790s.
after 1794	Magiana	Arawakan	Bolivia	Magiana, an extinct Bolivia-Parana Arawakan language of Bolivia attested only with the wordlist in Palau, Mercedes and Blanca Saiz 1989 [1794].
after 1791	Eora	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	[246]
after 1791	Quiripi	Algic	Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, United States	[247]
ca. 1790s	Powhatan	Algic	eastern Virginia, United States
ca. 1790s	Ramanos	Unclassified	Moxos Province, Bolivia
after 1788	Gundungurra	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[248]
after 1788	Otomaco	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos	Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788	Taparita	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos	Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788	Ngunnawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[248]
after 1788	Thurawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[248]
26 December 1777	Cornish	Indo-European	Cornwall, England	with the death of Dolly Pentreath [249] [notes 10]
after 1770	Weyto	unclassified	Ethiopia
after 1770	Tamanaku	Cariban languages	Venezuela
1770	Cuman	Turkic	north of Black Sea; Hungary	with the death of István Varró  [ fr ] [250]
ca. 1770s	Abipón	Mataco–Guaicuru	Argentina
after 1763	Susquehannock	Iroquoian	Northeastern United States	After the Conestoga massacre.
1760	Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Indo-European	Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Margaret McMurray
3 October 1756	Polabian	Indo-European	around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany	with the death of Emerentz Schultze [251]
ca. 1730s	Arin	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[151]
18th Century	Ajem-Turkic	Turkic	Iran, Eastern Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Dagestan	Evolved into Azerbaijani.
18th century	Chané	Arawakan	Argentina	a dialect of Terêna
18th century	Chibcha	Chibchan	Colombia
18th century	Classical Gaelic	Indo-European	Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom	The literary language. Fell out of use with the collapse of Gaelic society. [252]
18th century	Coahuilteco	Isolate/unclassified	Mexico; Texas, United States
18th century	Loup	Algic	Massachusetts and Connecticut, United States
18th century	Manao	Arawakan	Brazil
18th Century	Plateau Sign Language	Contact pidgin	Columbia Plateau, United States
18th century or earlier	Chuvan	Yukaghir	Chuvan was spoken in Anadyr (river) basin of Chukotka in Russia.
18th century or earlier	Omok	Yukaghir	Omok was spoken in Sakha and Magadan in Russia.
early 18th century	Apalachee	Muskogean	Florida, United States
early 18th century	Old Prussian	Indo-European	Poland

17th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
between 17th and 19th century	Niuatoputapu	Austronesian	Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga	[253]
late 17th to early 18th century	Cacán	unclassified	northern Argentina; Chile
Maybe 17th to 18th century	Acaxee	Uto-Aztecan	Northwestern Mexico
Maybe 17th to 18th century	Xixime	Uto-Aztecan	Northwestern Mexico
by 1700	Pidgin Delaware	Delaware-based pidgin	Delaware, United States	[254]
late 17th century	Sudovian	Indo-European	Lithuania
after 1666	Old Kentish Sign Language	Village sign language	Kent, England	[255]
after mid 17th century AD	Favorlang	Austronesian	Taiwan
after 1643	Narragansett	Algic	New England, United States	[256]
after 1640	Yaio	Cariban	Trinidad and French Guiana	Attested in a 1640 word list recorded by Joannes de Laet.
ca. 1635	Jurchen	Tungusic	Manchuria, China	[257] Evolved into Manchu.
after 1618	Lumbee	Algic	North Carolina and Maryland, United States	[258]
after 1618	Carolina Algonquian	Algic	North Carolina, United States	[258]
17th century AD	Andalusi Arabic	Afroasiatic	southern Spain
17th century AD	Armeno-Kipchak	Turkic	Crimea	[259]
17th century AD	Adhari	Indo-European	Iranian Azerbaijan	[260]
17th century AD	Basque–Icelandic pidgin	Basque–Icelandic Pidgin	Iceland	[261]
17th century AD	Cazcan	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico
17th century AD	Curonian	Indo-European	Latvia
17th century AD	Etchemin	Algic	Maine, United States
17th century AD	Gorgotoqui	Macro-Jê	eastern Bolivia

16th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
16th-18th century	Gorgani	Indo-European	Gorgan	[262]
late 16th century	Knaanic	Indo-European	Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century	Laurentian	Iroquoian	Quebec/Ontario, Canada
after 1586	Palta	unclassified	Ecuador
after 1548	Taino	Arawakan	The Bahamas and Puerto Rico
1535	Cueva	unclassified Chocoan?	Darién Province, Panama	The Cueva people were exterminated between 1510 and 1535 during Spanish colonization.
after 1516	Mamluk-Kipchak	Turkic	Egypt and Syria	[263]
after 1502	Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	northwestern China; southern Mongolia
16th century	Guanahatabey	Unclassified	Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud, Cuba
16th century	Guanche	unclassified, maybe Berber	Canary Islands, Spain	[264]
16th century	Judaeo-Portuguese	Indo-European	Belmonte, Portugal
16th century	Meshchera	Uralic	Meshchera Lowlands	[265]
16th century	Navarro-Aragonese	Indo-European	southern Navarre, Spain	Aragonese is still spoken as a minority language in Spain.
16th century	Old Novgorod	Indo-European	Novgorod Republic	[266]
16th century	Semigallian	Indo-European	Latvia; Lithuania

15th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
After 1492	Judaeo-Aragonese	Indo-European	North Central Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
After 1492	Judaeo-Catalan	Indo-European	Eastern Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
15th century AD	African Romance	Indo-European	Roman Africa	[267]
15th century AD	Jassic	Indo-European	Hungary	[268]
15th century AD	Old Anatolian Turkish	Turkic	Anatolia	Emerged in Anatolia late 11th century, and developed into early Ottoman Turkish.
15th century AD	Old Nubian	Eastern Sudanic	Nubia	[269] Evolved into Nobiin.
15th century AD	Tamna	Japonic?	Tamna	[270]
end of 15th century	Mozarabic	Indo-European	Spain; Portugal	[271]
late 15th century	Greenlandic Norse	Indo-European	Greenland
late 15th century	Selonian	Indo-European	Latvia; Lithuania

14th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
14th century	Bulgar	Turkic	Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia	By the 9th or 10th centuries on the Danube and by the 14th century in the Volga region. It may have ultimately given rise to the Chuvash language, which is most closely related to it.
14th century	Daylami	Indo-European	South Caspian Sea	[272]
14th century	Old Uyghur	Turkic	Central Asia, East Asia|
14th century	Khorezmian Turkic	Turkic	Central Asia	Evolved into Chagatai.
14th century	Galindian	Indo-European	northern Poland; Russia
14th century	Zarphatic	Indo-European	northern France; west-central Germany
14th century	Galician-Portuguese	Indo-European	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal	Evolved into Galician, Portuguese, Eonavian and Fala. Some linguists argue that said languages could all still be considered modern varieties of Galician-Portuguese itself.

13th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
After 20 June 1244	Khitan	Mongolic	Central Asia	with the death of Yelü Chucai [273] [notes 11]
13th century	Karakhanid	Turkic	Central Asia	Evolved into Khorezmian Turkic.
13th century	Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	central Myanmar
13th century	Siculo-Arabic	Afroasiatic	Emirate of Sicily	[274] Evolved into Maltese.
13th century	Skalvian	Indo-European	Scalovia
12-13th centuries AD	Balhae	Tungusic?	Balhae

12th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
12th century	Pecheneg	Turkic	Eastern Europe
12th century	Khwarezmian	Indo-European	Khwarazm

11th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
11th – 12th century	Cumbric	Indo-European	England/Scotland, United Kingdom
11th – 12th century	Jewish Babylonian Aramaic	Afroasiatic	Iraq	[275]
between 1000 and 1300 AD	Khazar	Turkic	northern Caucasus; Central Asia
ca. 1000 AD	Lombardic	Indo-European	central Europe; northern Italy
ca. 1000 AD	Merya	Uralic	Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000 AD	Muromian	Uralic	Vladimir Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000 AD	Shauraseni Prakrit	Indo-European	Medieval India	[276]
ca. 1000 AD	Sogdian	Indo-European	Sogdia	[277] Evolved into Yaghnobi.
11th century	Old Church Slavonic	Indo-European	Eastern Europe	still used as a liturgical language

10th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
10th – 12th century	Syriac	Afroasiatic	Turkey; Iraq; Syria	now only used as liturgical language [278]
10th – 12th century	Samaritan Aramaic	Afroasiatic	West Bank, Palestine; Israel	now only used as liturgical language [279]
10th century	Himyaritic	Afroasiatic	Yemen
10th century	Paishachi	Indo-European	North India	[280]
10th century	Saka	Indo-European	Xinjiang, China	Evolved into Wakhi.
10th century	Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	western Tibet (Central Asia)

9th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
9th century or later	Pictish	Indo-European	Scotland, United Kingdom
after 840	Tocharian	Indo-European	Tarim Basin (Central Asia)
9th century	Gothic	Indo-European	Spain; Portugal; Italy	With the exception of Crimean Gothic

8th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
8th century AD	Aghwan	Northeast Caucasian	Azerbaijan	[281] Evolved into Udi.
8th century AD	British Latin	Indo-European	Roman Britain	[282]
8th century AD	Orkhon Turkic	Turkic	Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Eastern Asia	Evolved into Old Uyghur.

7th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
7th-10th century?	Goguryeo	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Korea, China
after 620 AD	Rouran	Mongolic or isolate	Northern China and Mongolia	[283]
ca. 600	Avestan	Indo-European	Iran	[284]
7th century AD	Baekje	Koreanic	Korea	may be more than one language.
7th century AD	Buyeo	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Manchuria
7th century AD	Gaya	Unclassified	Korea	[285]
7th century AD	Mahan	Koreanic?	Mahan confederacy	[285]

6th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
6th century AD	Ancient Cappadocian	Indo-European	Anatolia	[286]
6th century AD	Burgundian	Indo-European	Kingdom of the Burgundians	[287]
6th century AD	Dacian	Indo-European	Balkans
6th century AD	Gaulish	Indo-European	Gaul: France, Belgium, Germany and elsewhere
6th century AD	Illyrian	Indo-European	western Balkans	disputed
6th century AD	Okjeo	Koreanic?	Okjeo	[285]
6th century AD	Sabaean	Afroasiatic	Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century AD	Tuyuhun	Para-Mongolic	Northern China	Spoken around 500 AD. [288]
6th century AD	Vandalic	Indo-European	Spain; North Africa
6th century AD	Ye-Maek	Koreanic?	Yemaek	[285]

5th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
5th – 6th century	Hadramautic	Afroasiatic	Dhofar Mountains
before 6th century	Ligurian	unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European	northwestern Italy; southeastern France	[289]
after 453	Hunnic	unclassified, possibly Oghuric	from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
ca. 400 AD	Egyptian	Afro-Asiatic	Ancient Egypt	[290] With the exception of Coptic.
ca. 400 AD	Meroitic	unclassified, maybe Nubian	Sudan
5th century	Alanic	Indo-European	Alania and Iberia	[291] Evolved into Ossetian.
5th century	Isaurian	Indo-European	Anatolia
5th century	Thracian	Indo-European	eastern and central Balkans
early 5th century	Punic	Afroasiatic	North Africa
after 400 AD	Phrygian	Indo-European	southeastern Bulgaria; Anatolia	[292]

4th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
4th century AD	Hismaic	Afroasiatic	Ḥismā Oasis	[293]
4th century CE	Aquitanian	Isolate or Vasconic	Novempopulania and Basque Country	Evolved into Basque.
4th century CE	Galatian	Indo-European	central Anatolia
4th century CE	Geʽez	Afroasiatic	Ethiopia; Eritrea	still used as a liturgical language [294]
4th century CE	Biblical Hebrew	Afroasiatic	Israel	revived in the 1880s
after 300 CE	Parthian	Indo-European	Iran

3rd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 274 AD	Palmyrene Aramaic	Afroasiatic	Palmyrene Empire	extended to the Western Roman Empire as far as Britannia [295]
after 267 AD	Thamudic	Afroasiatic	Kingdom of Thamud	[296]
3rd century AD	Gandhari	Indo-European	Gandhara	[297]
3rd century AD	Rhaetic	unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian	eastern Alps
3rd century AD	Safaitic	Afroasiatic	Syria	[298]
3rd century AD	Sidicini	Indo-European	Italy
3rd century AD	Xianbei	Para-Mongolic	Xianbei state
c. 200 CE	Qatabanian	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen

2nd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2nd century CE	Noric	Indo-European	Austria; Slovenia
after 2nd century CE	Pisidian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
after 150 AD	Bactrian	Indo-European	Afghanistan
150 AD	Marsian	Indo-European	Marsica	[299]
ca. 100 AD	Armazic	Afroasiatic	South Caucasus	[300]
ca. 100 AD	Hasaitic	Afroasiatic	Al-Ahsa Oasis	[301]
ca. 100 CE	Akkadian	Afroasiatic	Mesopotamia	[302]
100 CE	Etruscan	Tyrsenian	central Italy	[303]
ca. 2nd century CE	Celtiberian	Indo-European	central-eastern Spain
ca. 2nd century CE	Gallaecian	Indo-European	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal
2nd century CE	Lusitanian	Indo-European	Portugal, southwestern Spain
ca. 2nd century CE	Sorothaptic	Indo-European	eastern Spain

1st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
1st – 2nd century AD	Iberian	unclassified	Spain; France
1st – 2nd century AD	Paeonian	Indo-European	Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
Approximately 50 AD	Lycaonian	unclassified	Lycaonia
1st century AD	Liburnian	Indo-European	western Croatia
1st century AD	Median	Indo-European	Persia	[304]
1st century AD	Nabataean Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
1st century AD	Venetic	Indo-European	northeastern Italy
Approximately 100 AD	Oscan	Indo-European	southern Italy

1st century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
50 BC	Cisalpine Gaulish	Indo-European	Cisalpine Gaul	[305]
1st century BC	Elymian	unclassified	western Sicily
1st century BC	Lycian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
1st century BC	Lydian	Indo-European	western Anatolia
1st century BC	Messapian	Indo-European	Apulia, Italy
1st century BC	Mysian	Indo-European	northwestern Anatolia
1st century BC	Sabine	Indo-European	central Italy
1st century BC	Sicanian	unclassified	central Sicily
1st century BC	Sicel	Indo-European	eastern Sicily
1st century BC	Umbrian	Indo-European	central Italy
early 1st millennium BC	Eteocretan	Isolate/unclassified	Crete, Greece
1st millennium BC	Milyan	Indo-European	Anatolia

2nd century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
100 BCE	Vestinian	Indo-European	east-central Italy	[306]
ca. 150 BCE	Faliscan	Indo-European	Tuscany/Latium, Italy
ca. 100 BCE	Minaean	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen
2nd century BCE	Phoenician	Afro-Asiatic	Canaan, North Africa, Cyprus, Iberia, Sicily, Malta and Sardinia

3rd century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
232 BC	Ashokan Prakrit	Indo-European	South Asia	[307]
ca. 3rd century BC	Aequian	Indo-European	Latium, east-central Italy
ca. 3rd century BC	Carian	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
ca. 3rd century BC	Elu	Indo-European	Sri Lanka	[308] Evolved into Sinhala and Dhivehi.
ca. 3rd century BC	Lucanian	Indo-European	Lucania	[309]
ca. 3rd century BC	Siculian	Indo-European	Sicily	[310]
ca. 3rd century BC	Sidetic	Indo-European	southwestern Anatolia
ca. 3rd century BC	Volscian	Indo-European	Italy; Latium
ca. 200 BC	Numidian	Afro-Asiatic	Numidia	[311]

4th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
early 4th century BC	Eteocypriot	Isolate/unclassified	Cyprus
4th century BC	Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	northeastern Greece
4th century BC	Kassite	Hurro-Urartian?	Babylon	[312]
4th century BC	South Picene	Indo-European	Picenum	[313]
ca. 300 BC	Marrucinian	Indo-European	Chieti	[314]
ca. 300 BC	Philistine	unclassified, maybe Indo-European	Israel; Lebanon
ca. 350 BC	Elamite	Isolate	Persia; southern Mesopotamia

5th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 5th century BC	Tartessian	unclassified	Spain	[315]
5th century BC	Ammonite	Afroasiatic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BC	Moabite	Afroasiatic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BC	North Picene	Unclassified	Picenum
ca. 400 BC	Lepontic	Indo-European	northern Italy
early 5th century BC	Oenotrian	Indo-European	Southern Italy	[316]
second half of the 1st millennium BC	Dadanitic	Afroasiatic	Lihyan	[317]

6th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 6th century BC	Lemnian	Tyrsenian	Lemnos, Greece	[318]
second half of the 6th century BC	Taymanitic	Afroasiatic	Tayma	[319]
500 BC	Praenestinian	Indo-European	Palestrina
500 BC	Pre-Samnite	Indo-European	Campania	[320]
6th century BC	Edomite	Afroasiatic	southwestern Jordan
6th century BC	Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Anatolia

7th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
620-580 BC	Cimmerian	Indo-European	North Caucasus and West Asia	[321]
ca. 600 BC	Dumaitic	Afroasiatic	Dumat al-Jandal	[322]
ca. 600 BCE	Luwian	Indo-European	Anatolia; northern Syria

8th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
730s BC	Samalian	Afro-Asiatic	Samʾal	[323]
770s BC	South Gileadite	Afro-Asiatic	Deir Alla	[324]
after 800 BC	Kaskian	Unclassified	Northeastern Anatolia and Colchis	[325]

2nd millennium BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
ca. 1000 BC	Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	Anatolia; Syria; Mesopotamia
ca. 1050 BC	Cypro-Minoan	unclassified	Cyprus	may have evolved into Eteocypriot.
ca. 1100 BC	Sutean	Afro-Asiatic	Northeast Syria	Spoken around 2100 BCE
ca. 1100 BC	Hittite	Indo-European	Anatolia
after 1170 BC	Ugaritic	Afroasiatic	Syria	following the destruction of Ugarit
ca. 1200 BC	Kalasmaic	Indo-European	Kalasma	[326]
ca. 1200 BC	Mycenaean Greek	Indo-European	Mycenaean Greece and western Anatolia	[327]
after 1300s BC	Mitanni-Aryan	Indo-European	Mitanni	[328]
ca. 1300 BC	Palaic	Indo-European	northwest Anatolia
ca. 1450 BC	Minoan	unclassified	Crete	may have evolved into Eteocretan.
ca. 1500 BC	Hattic	Unclassified, possibly Northwest Caucasian	Anatolia
ca. 1600 BC	Amorite	Afro-Asiatic	Levant
ca. 1900 BC	Harappan	Unclassified, possibly Dravidian	Indus River	[329]
c. 2000-1800 BC	Sumerian	Isolate	Mesopotamia	used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 CE [330]

3rd millennium BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2200 BC	Gutian	unclassified	Zagros Mountains?
3rd millennium BC	Eblaite	Afroasiatic	Syria	[331]

Unknown date

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
UNK	Chakpa	Sino-Tibetan	Manipur
UNK	Garachi	Indo-European	Azerbaijan
UNK	Kulon	Austronesian	Taiwan
UNK	Pahlavani	Indo-European	Chakhansur District
UNK	Olmec	Unclassified, possibly Mixe-Zoque	Mexico
UNK	Villa Viciosa Agta	Austronesian	Villaviciosa, Abra Philippines	unattested
UNK	Tuoba	Mongolic or Turkic	Northern China	Spoken around the 5th century AD.
UNK	Xiongnu	unknown	Mongolia
UNK	Jie	Yeniseian	North China	Possibly evolved into Pumpokol.[ citation needed ]
UNK	Wusun	Indo-European	between the Qilian Mountains and Dunhuang
UNK	Ermiteño	Chavacano	Ermita, Manila, Philippines	Spanish-based creole
UNK	Menién	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Malalí	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Masakará	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Kotoxó	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Koropó	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Kamurú	Macro-Jê	Eastern Brazil
UNK	Sabujá	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Mangaló	Macro-Jê	Bahia and Minas Gerais
UNK	Gueren	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Aravirá	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz	Nothing is known directly about this language.
UNK	Sorung	Austronesian	Erromango
UNK	Waamwang	Austronesian	Voh, New Caledonia
UNK	Pawishiana	Cariban	South America
UNK	Arakajú	Cariban	South America
UNK	Tiverikoto	Cariban	South America
UNK	Wajumará	Cariban	South America
UNK	Boanarí	Cariban	South America
UNK	Purukotó	Cariban	South America
UNK	Paravilyana	Cariban	South America
UNK	Sapará	Cariban	South America
UNK	Juma	Cariban	South America
UNK	Apingi	Cariban	South America
UNK	Yarumá	Cariban	South America
UNK	Opón	Cariban	Colombia
UNK	Pimenteira	Cariban	South America
UNK	Palmela	Cariban	South America
UNK	Amarizana	Arawakan	Meta Department, Colombia
UNK	Cabre	Arawakan	Colombia
UNK	Morique	Arawakan	Between the Ucayali River and Javari River
UNK	Aroã	Arawakan	Marajó
UNK	Pasé	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Yumana	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Wiriná	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Waraikú	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Western Jicaque	Hokan?	Honduras
UNK	Custenau	Arawakan	Mato Grosso, Brazil
UNK	Yabaâna	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Kariaí	Arawakan	Roraima, Brazil
UNK	Anauyá	Arawakan	Castaño Viejo River Amazonas, Venezuela
UNK	Jandiatuba Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil
UNK	Amazon Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia
UNK	Conambo	Zaparoan	North Eastern Peru near the Conambo River.	Some consider Conambo to be a dialect of Záparo.
UNK	Aushiri	Zaparoan	Loreto, Peru
UNK	Maynas	Cahuapanan?	Loreto, Peru
UNK	Huetar	Chibchan	Alajuela, Costa Rica
UNK	Dorasque	Chibchan	Panama and Costa Rica
UNK	Voto	Chibchan	Costa Rica
UNK	Atanque	Chibchan	Cesar Department, Colombia
UNK	Nutabe	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK	Old Catio	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK	Arma	Chocoan?	Colombia	Unattested
UNK	Sinúfana	Chocoan?	Colombia	Poorly attested
UNK	Quimbaya	unclassified	Colombia	Might not be a distinct language.

See also

• Extinct language
• Language death
• Lists of endangered languages
• Lists of extinct languages

Notes

1. Last surviving native speaker; it is being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.
2. Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.
3. Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean
4. The last full-blooded Selknam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the languages until the 1980s.
5. Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language
6. Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana
7. Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.
8. Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language; ^[224] however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.
9. Last full-blooded speaker, though partial knowledge of this language continued among mixed Cayuga-Tutelo descendants for some time.
10. Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.
11. Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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265. Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. p. 521.
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267. Loporcaro, Michele (2015). Vowel Length from Latin to Romance. Oxford University Press. p. 47. Became extinct between 1920 and 1940.
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275. "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic". Ethnologue.
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277. "Sogdian". Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 100 BC - 1000 AD.
278. "Syriac". Ethnologue.
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280. "Paisaci Prakrit". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2024. Most of the material in this language originates from the 3rd to 10th centuries AD, though it was probably spoken as early as the 5th century BC.
281. "Aghwan". Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 6th-8th Centuries AD.
282. Charles-Edwards, Thomas (29 November 2012). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN   978-0198217312.
283. Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon (7 May 2020). "Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West". Cambridge University Press . 2. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18. PMC   7612788 . PMID   35663512. the Khüis Tolgoi inscription must have been erected between 604 and 620 AD.
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286. Cooper, Eric; Decker, Michael J. (2012). Life And Society In Byzantine Cappadocia. p. 14. The echoes of native Cappadocian could be heard into the sixth century and perhaps beyond.
287. Lockwood, William (1972). A Panorama of Indo-European Languages. Hutchinson. ISBN   0091110211.
288. Alexander Vovin (December 2015). "Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot". Journal of Sino-Western Communications. 7 (2). Academia.edu: 157–166. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
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290. "Hieroglyphics Cracked 1,000 Years Earlier Than Thought". ScienceDaily. 7 October 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2024. Following the Roman invasion of Egypt in 30 BC the use of hieroglyphics began to die out with the last known writing in the fifth century AD.
291. "Alanic". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2024. 5th century AD.
292. Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Word. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN   0-19-924506-1. The last mention of Phrygian in use dates from the fifth century AD.
293. "Hismaic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. i.e. first century BC to fourth century AD
294. O'Leary, De Lacy Evans (2000). Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages. Routledge. p. 23.
295. "THE ARABIC WORDS IN PALMYRENE INSCRIPTIONS". ResearchGate . Retrieved 11 May 2024. The earliest dated Palmyrene inscription is from the year 44 BC and the latest discovery has been dated to the year 274 AD.
296. Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "Al-Jallad. 2018. The earliest stages of Arabic and its linguistic classification". Academia.edu . Retrieved 10 May 2024. These inscriptions are concentrated in northwest Arabia, and one occurs alongside a Nabataean tomb inscription dated to the year 267 CE.
297. "KHAROSTHI MANUSCRIPTS: A WINDOW ON GANDHARAN BUDDHISM" . Retrieved 13 May 2024. ... the Kharosthi script was used as a literary medium, that is, from the time of Asoka in the middle of the third century B.C. until about the third century A.D.
298. Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "Al-Jallad. 2020. The month ʾdr in Safaitic and the status of spirantization in "Arabian" Aramaic". Academia.edu . Retrieved 29 April 2024. A minority of dated texts suggest that the practice of carving Safaitic inscriptions spanned at least from the second century BCE to the third century CE.
299. "Marsian". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2024. 300-150 BC.
300. "Armazic - MultiTree". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2024. 1st-2nd centuries AD.
301. "Hasaitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. They are thought to date from the first two centuries AD.
302. "Linguist List - Description of Akkadian". Archived from the original on 25 December 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
303. "Etruskisch - MultiTree". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2024. 7th century BC - 100 AD.
304. "Median". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
305. "Cisalpine Gaulish". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2024. ca. 150-50 BC
306. "Vestinian". Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
307. Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh K. (2003). The Indo-Aryan Languages. p. 164. The inscriptions of Asoka - a king of the Maurya dynasty who reigned, based in his capital Pataliputra, from 268 to 232 BC over almost the whole of India - were engraved in rocks and pillars, in various local dialects.
308. Dharmadāsa, Kē. En. Ō (1992). Language, Religion, and Ethnic Assertiveness: The Growth of Sinhalese Nationalism in Sri Lanka. p. 188. The ingredients of group consciousness mentioned above were kept alive principally because the Sinhalese people had a literate culture starting from about the third century B.C.
309. Scheu, Frederick (1964). The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society.
310. Joseph, Brian; Klein, Jared; Wenthe, Mark; Fritz, Matthias (11 June 2018). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Vol. 3. De Gruyter. p. 1854. ISBN   978-3110542431.
311. "Berbère". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2024. c. 200 BC.
312. "Kassites". Crystalinks. Retrieved 22 September 2024. Kassite (Cassite) was a language spoken by Kassites in northern Mesopotamia from approximately the 18th to the 4th century BC.
313. "South Picene". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2024. 6th century BC to 4th century BC.
314. "Marrucinian". Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2024. The tablet seems to have dated to the mid 3rd century BC.
315. "Tartessian". Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
316. Matteo Calabrese (2021). "The sacred law from Tortora". Academia.edu . pp. 281–339. Retrieved 10 October 2024. Datable between the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th century B.C., the inscription from Tortora is an Oenotrian text,
317. "Dadanitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. Dadanitic was the alphabet used by the inhabitants of the ancient oasis of Dadan, probably some time during the second half of the first millennium BC.
318. Haarman, Harald, Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen (Munich: Beck, 2002), p. 124.
319. Kootstra-Ford, Fokelien. "The Language of the Taymanitic Inscriptions and its Classification". Academia.edu . Retrieved 8 May 2024. Therefore, at least part of the Taymanitic corpus can safely be dated to the second half of the 6th century BCE.
320. Piwowarczyk, Dariusz R. (2011). "Formations of the perfect in the Sabellic languages with the Italic and Indo-European background" (PDF). Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis (128): 105. Retrieved 10 October 2024. ...and Pre-Samnite (500 BC).
321. Ivantchik, A.I. (2001). The current state of the Cimmerian problem. The development of the Classical tradition on the subject of the Cimmerians after their disappearance from the historical arena, no later than the very end of the 7th or very beginning of the 6th century BC
322. "Dumaitic" . Retrieved 10 May 2024. According to the Assyrian annals Dūma was the seat of successive queens of the Arabs, some of whom were also priestesses, in the eighth and seventh centuries BC.
323. "The Sam'alian Language". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2024. 820-730 BC.
324. ברוך מרגלית (October 1998). "עלילות בלעם בר-בעור מעמק סוכות" (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
325. "Historical Memory about Migration of the Kaskians in Western Georgia" . Retrieved 27 May 2024. The Kaška first appear on the territory of the Hittite empire in the 15th c. B.C. and are mentioned till 8th c. B.C.
326. Schwemer, Daniel (2024). Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi (in German). Vol. 71. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. p. XIX.
327. "FROM PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN TO MYCENAEAN GREEK:A PHONOLOGICAL STUDY" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024. ... no tablets or any other inscribed vessels were found from ca. 1200 BC onwards.
328. "History of Humanity: From the Third Millennium to the Seventh Century B.C." UNESCO. 31 December 1996. p. 196. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
329. "Indus Valley Language". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2024. 2500-1900 BC.
330. Joan Oates (1979). Babylon [Revised Edition] Thames and Hudston, Ltd. 1986 p. 30, 52-53.
331. "Palaeosyrian". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2024. 3rd Millenium BC.