Galindian language

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The term Galindian is sometimes ascribed to two separate Baltic languages, both of which were peripheral dialects:

Contents

Name

There are three proposed etymologies for the denomination Galindian: [2] : 308–309 

Proposed relation

Based on the common name used for the two peoples by ancient authors, some scientists propose a common origin of the two peoples and languages. [2] : 309  [7] In order to prove this hypothesis, they investigate common features between Old Prussian/West Galindian and East Galindian. [2] : 309–310 

West Galindian

(West) Galindian
Galindan
RegionNortheastern Poland
Ethnicity Galindians
Extinct 14th century AD [8]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 xgl
xgl
Glottolog west3001
West Baltic languages.svg
Former extent of West Baltic languages, including Galindian.
   Old Curonian †
   Old Prussian
   Sudovian †
   Skalvian †
  West Galindian †
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West Galindian is the poorly attested extinct Baltic language of the Galindians previously spoken in what is today northeastern Poland and thought to have been a dialect of Old Prussian, [2] : 290  or a Western Baltic language similar to Old Prussian. [9] There are no extant writings in Galindian.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Post-
alveolar 		Velar
plain pal.
Nasal m n nʲ
Plosive voiceless p t tʲ k
voiced b d dʲ dʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ
voiced z ʒ
Trill r rʲ
Approximant l lʲ j

Vowels

Front Central Back
shortlongshortlongshortlong
High i iː u uː
Mid eː oː
Mid-low ɔ
Low a aː

East Galindian

References

  1. ↑ "galindai" [The Galindians]. Visuotinę lietuvių enciklopediją (in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Dini, Pietro U. (2014). Foundations of Baltic languages. Translated by Richardson, Milda B.; Richardson, Robert E. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. ISBN   978-609-437-263-6.
  3. ↑ Būga, Kazimieras (1924). Lietuvių tauta ir kalba bei jos artimieji giminaičiai[The language and nation of the Lithuanians and its close relatives] (in Lithuanian). Kaunas.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ↑ Nalepa, Jerzy (1971). "Próba nowej etymologii nazwy Galindia czyli Golędź" [Proposal of a new etymology of the name Galindia or Golędź]. Opuscula slavica 1. Slaviska och baltiska studier (in Polish). Vol. 9. Lund: Slaviska institutionen vid Lunds universitet. pp. 93–115.
  5. ↑ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1981). Prūsų kalbos paminklai[Monuments of the Prussian language] (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Vilnius: Mokslas. pp. 318–319.
  6. ↑ Schmid, Wolfgang P. (1998). "Galinder" [Galindians]. In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.). Reallexikon der germanischen Alterskunde[Dictionary of Germanic antiquities] (in German). Vol. 10 (2nd revised and enlarged ed.). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 325–327. ISBN   978-3-11-015102-2.
  7. ↑ Otrębski, Jan Szczepan (1958). "Zagadnienie Galindów" [The Galindian question]. In Gieysztor, Aleksander (ed.). Studia Historica. W 35-lecia pracy naukowej Henryka Łowmiańskiego[Studia Historica. On the 35th jubilee of Henryk Łowmiański's scientific work] (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. pp. 37–41.
  8. ↑ "Galindan". Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024. Until 14th century.
  9. ↑ Tarasov, Iliya (January 2017). "The Balts in the migration period". Istoričeskij FormatИсторический Формат (in Russian). 3–4: 95–124.
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