Northern Andamanese | |
---|---|
Native to | India |
Region | Andaman Islands; North Andaman island |
Ethnicity | Andamanese |
Native speakers | 3 (2020) [1] |
Great Andamanese
| |
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | nort2678 |
![]() Great andamanese [ sic ] is classified as Critically Endangered according to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [2] |
Northern Andamanese is the critically endangered native language of North Andaman Island. It is closely related to Akakede and seems to have consisted of four mutually intelligible dialects: Akachari (Cari), Akakhora (Kora), Akabo (Bo), and Akajeru (Jeru). Jeru is the only one with speakers remaining. [3] [4]
When the North Andamanese people were resettled to Strait Island, a koiné developed from the resulting mixture of dialects. It went extinct in the early 2000s.
For more specific information, see the individual dialects.
Mixed Great Andamanese | |
---|---|
Great Andamanese koiné | |
Native to | India |
Region | Strait Island |
Ethnicity | 60 (2020) [5] |
Extinct | 2009, with the death of Nao Jr., the last semi-fluent speaker [5] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | gac |
Glottolog | mixe1288 |
ELP | Mixed Great Andamanese |
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Great Andamanese koiné is based primarily on Jeru, with lexical and grammatical influence from other Northern Andamanese dialects (Aka-Bo, Aka-Kora and Aka-Cari).
The Great Andamanese koiné has a seven-vowel system.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-mid | e | o | |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
Labial | Dental /Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k |
voiceless aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||
voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ||
Fricative | s | ʃ | ||||
Tap | ɾ | |||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
It is a head-marking polysynthetic and agglutinative language with a SOV pattern. It has a very elaborate system for marking inalienability, [6] with seven possessive markers reflecting different body-divisions. These markers appear as proclitics that classify a large number of nouns as dependent categories. [7]
Gloss | Great Andamanese | Devanagari |
---|---|---|
nest | aaracha | आराचा |
housefly | ijibu | ईजीबू |
snake (king cobra) | ulukhu | ऊलूखू |
chilli | ekajira | एकाजीरा |
deer | airen | ऐरेन |
fishing net | ocho | ओचो |
axe | aulo | औलो |
snail | kalatop | कालाटौप |
dugong | kauroing | कौरौईञ |
coconut | khider | खीदेर |
road | ngorto | ङौरतौ |
betelnut | chaum | चौम |
dolphin | choa | चोआ |
bat | jibet | जीबेट |
fish | nyure | ञूरे |
heron | taka | टाका |
tongue | thatat | ठातात |
sunset | diu | डीऊ |
black pig | dirim raa | डीरीम राऽ |
leaf | taich | तौच |
dew | thun | थून |
scorpion | dikiraseni | दीकीरासेनी |
mosquito | nipho | नीफो |
mushroom | pata | पाता |
crow | phatkaa | फाटका |
frog | phorube | फोरूबे |
rope | pharako | फाराको |
green turtle | belotauro | बेलोटौरौ |
grey pigeon | mirit | मीरीत |
rooster | maucho | मौचौ |
strewn leaves | yephaay taich | येफाऽय तैच |
bamboo | rat | रैट |
tusked male pig | ratairlauto | रातैरलौतो |
smoke | lep | लेप |
fire | luro, wuro | लूरो, वूरो |
waist jewellery | shirbele | शीरबेले |
snake | shubi | शूबी |
crocodile | sarekateyo | सारेकातेयो |
White-bellied Sea-Eagle | karatchom | करटचोम |
Pacific Golden Plover | chelele | चैलेले |
Oriental Honey Buzzard | taulom-tut-bio | टौलोम-तूत-बीओ |
Whimbrel | chautot | चौटोट |
Vocabulary: [10]
Contemporary name | Present Great Andamanese name |
---|---|
Andaman Islands | Marakele |
South Andaman Island | Sorobul |
Little Andaman | Ilimu Tauro |
Strait Island | Khringkosho |
Havelock Island (Swaraj Island) | Thi Lar Siro |
Interview Island | Bilikhu Tara Phong |
Neill Island (Shaheed Island) | Tebi Shiro |
Baratang Island | Boa |
Bluff Island | Lurua |
Landfall Island | Mauntenga |
Long Island | Bol Phong |
Inglis Island | Jirikta Phong |
Port Blair | Laotara Nyo |
Diglipur | Thitaumul |
Mayabunder | Ret Phor |
Saddle Peak | Puluga Chang |