Voiceless retroflex plosive

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Voiceless retroflex plosive
ʈ
IPA Number 105
Audio sample
source  · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʈ
Unicode (hex)U+0288
X-SAMPA t`
Braille Braille Period.svg Braille T.svg

The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.

Contents

Transcription

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ʈ ⟩. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but ⟨ʈ⟩ is distinguished from ⟨t⟩ by extending the hook below the baseline.

Features

Voiceless retroflex plosive.svg

Features of the voiceless retroflex stop:

Occurrence

LanguageWord IPA TranslationNotes
Bengali [1] টাকা [ʈaka]'taka'Apical postalveolar; [1] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Brahui سىٹ [asiʈ]'one'
English Indian dialects time [ʈaɪm]'time'Corresponds to alveolar /t/ in other dialects. See English phonology
Gujarati [2] બટાકા [bəʈaːka]'potato'Subapical; [2] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology
Hindustani [3] [4] Hindi टोपी [ʈoːpiː]'hat'Apical postalveolar
Urdu ٹوپی
Hmong raus [ʈàu]'immerse in liquid'Contrasts with aspirated form (written ⟨rh⟩).
Iwaidja yirrwartbart[jiɺwɑʈbɑʈ]'taipan'
Javanese bathang[baʈaŋ]'cadaver'
Kannada ತಟ್ಟು [t̪ʌʈːu]'to tap'Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Lo-Toga [5] dege[ʈəɣə]'we (incl.)'Laminal retroflex.
Malayalam കാട്ട് / كٰاڊّْ / kāṭṭŭ[kaːʈːɨ̆]'wild'Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
Marathi [2] बटाटा [bəʈaːʈaː]'potato'Subapical; [2] contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Mutsun TiTkuSte[ʈiʈkuʃtɛ]'torn'
Nepali टोली [ʈoli]'team'Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian kort [kɔʈː]'card'See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu [6] rdagowa[ʈakowa]'prawn'
Odia ଟଗର / ṭagara[ʈɔgɔrɔ]'crepe jasmine'Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
Pashto ټول [ʈol]'all'
Punjabi Gurmukhi ਟੋਪੀ [ʈoːpi]'hat'
Shahmukhi ٹـوپی
Scottish Gaelic Some Hebridean dialects [7] àrd[aːʈ]'high'Corresponds to the sequence /rˠt/ in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sicilian latru[ˈlaʈɽu]'thief'
Swedish [8] karta [ˈkʰɑːʈa]'map'See Swedish phonology
Sylheti ꠐꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠤ[ʈulli]'skull'contains tonal pronunciation. [9] See Sylheti phonology
Tamil [2] [10] எட்டு / يࣣڊُّ / eṭṭu[eʈːɯ]'eight'Subapical. [2] See Tamil phonology
Telugu కొట్టు [koʈːu]'to hit or beat'Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Torwali [11] [12] ٹـىىےل [ʈiɡel]'words'Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Vietnamese Southern dialects [13] bạn trả [ɓa˧˨ʔɳˀʈa˧˩˧]'you pay'May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology
Welayta [ʈaza]'dew'

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Mazumdar (2000 :57)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Khatiwada (2009 :374)
  3. ↑ Ladefoged (2005 :141)
  4. ↑ Tiwari (2004 :?)
  5. ↑ François (2009:189); François (2016:35).
  6. ↑ Ladefoged (2005 :158)
  7. ↑ Bauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.
  8. ↑ Eliasson (1986 :278–279)
  9. ↑ Wright, Tony (2002). "Doing language awareness". Language in Language Teacher Education. Language Learning & Language Teaching. Vol. 4. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 113–130. doi:10.1075/lllt.4.09wri. ISBN   978-90-272-1697-7 . Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  10. ↑ Keane (2004 :111)
  11. ↑ Lunsford (2001 :11–16)
  12. ↑ "ٹیگیل". Online Torwali Dictionary. Center for Language Engineering. Archived from the original on 2024-03-28.
  13. ↑ Thompson (1959 :458–461)

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References

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