Index of phonetics articles

Contents

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

List

IPA: Pulmonic consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​ palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̼ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n n̠̊ n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate t̪s̪ d̪z̪ ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ tʂ dʐ tɕ dʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s̪ z̪ s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ̊˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɹ̠ ɻ j ɰ ˷ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̮ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r r̠ ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ tꞎ d𝼅 c𝼆 ɟʎ̝ k𝼄 ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ̪ ɬ ɮ ꞎ 𝼅 𝼆 ʎ̝ 𝼄 ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l̪ l̥ l l̠ ɭ̊ ɭ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral tap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ 𝼈̊ 𝼈 ʎ̮ ʟ̆
IPA help   audio full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

IPA: Non-pulmonic consonants
BL LD D A PA RF P V U Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ Affricate p̪fʼ t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ c𝼆ʼ k𝼄ʼ q𝼄ʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) Tenuis kʘ qʘ kǀ qǀ kǃ qǃ k𝼊 q𝼊 kǂ qǂ Voiced ɡʘ ɢʘ ɡǀ ɢǀ ɡǃ ɢǃ ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊 ɡǂ ɢǂ Nasal ŋʘ ɴʘ ŋǀ ɴǀ ŋǃ ɴǃ ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊 ŋǂ ɴǂ ʞ   Tenuis lateral kǁ qǁ Voiced lateral ɡǁ ɢǁ Nasal lateral ŋǁ ɴǁ
IPA help   audio full chart template

IPA: Co-articulated consonants
Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal q͡p Labial–uvular Fricative/approximant ɥ̊ ɥ Labialized palatal ʍ w Labialized velar ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Implosive ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ɠ͡ɓ Labial–velar Ejective t͡pʼ Labial–alveolar
IPA help full chart template

IPA: Vowels
Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ
IPA help   audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded

A

• Acoustic phonetics
• Active articulator
• Affricate
• Airstream mechanism
• Alexander John Ellis
• Alexander Melville Bell
• Alfred C. Gimson
• Allophone
• Alveolar approximant (ɹ)
• Alveolar click (ǃ)
• Alveolar consonant
• Alveolar ejective affricate (tsʼ)
• Alveolar ejective (tʼ)
• Alveolar ejective fricative (sʼ)
• Alveolar flap (ɾ)
• Alveolar lateral approximant (l, l̥)
• Alveolar lateral ejective affricate (tɬʼ)
• Alveolar lateral ejective fricative (ɬʼ)
• Alveolar lateral flap (ɺ)
• Alveolar nasal (n)
• Alveolar ridge
• Alveolar trill (r, r̥)
• Alveolo-palatal consonant
• Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative (ɕʼ)
• Apical consonant
• Approximant consonant
• Articulatory phonetics
• Aspirated consonant (◌ʰ)
• Auditory phonetics

B

• Back vowel
• Basis of articulation
• Bernd J. Kröger
• Bilabial click (ʘ)
• Bilabial consonant
• Bilabial ejective (pʼ)
• Bilabial flap (ⱱ̟)
• Bilabial nasal (m)
• Bilabial trill (ʙ)
• Breathy voice
• Bidental consonant (ʭ)

C

• Cardinal vowel
• Median consonant
• Central vowel
• Checked vowel
• Click consonant
• Close back rounded vowel (u)
• Close back unrounded vowel (ɯ)
• Close central rounded vowel (ʉ)
• Close central unrounded vowel (ɨ)
• Close front rounded vowel (y)
• Close front unrounded vowel (i)
• Close vowel
• Close-mid back rounded vowel (o)
• Close-mid back unrounded vowel (ɤ)
• Close-mid central rounded vowel (ɵ)
• Close-mid central unrounded vowel (ɘ)
• Close-mid front rounded vowel (ø)
• Close-mid front unrounded vowel (e)
• Close-mid vowel
• Co-articulated consonant
• Coarticulation
• Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet
• Consonant
• Consonant cluster
• Continuant
• Creaky voice

D

• Daniel Jones
• David Abercrombie
• Dental click (ǀ)
• Dental consonant
• Dental ejective (t̪ʼ)
• Dental ejective fricative (θʼ)
• Dental nasal (n̪)
• Diphthong
• Dorsal consonant

E

• Eclipsis
• Ejective consonant
• Eli Fischer-Jørgensen
• Elision
• Epenthesis
• Epiglottal consonant
• Epiglottal flap (ʡ̯)
• Epiglottal plosive (ʡ)
• Epiglottal trill (ʢ)

F

• Formant
• Fortis (phonetics)
• Fortis and lenis
• Free vowel
• Fricative consonant
• Front vowel

G

• Gemination
• Georg Heike
• Glide
• Glottis
• Glottal consonant
• Glottalic consonant (ingressive, egressive)
• Glottal stop (ʔ)

H

• Hard palate
• Henry Sweet
• High rising terminal
• Hush consonant

I

• Ian Maddieson
• Ilse Lehiste
• Implosive consonant
• Ingressive speech
• International Phonetic Alphabet
• International Phonetic Association
• Intonation

J

• J. C. Catford
• John C. Wells
• John Laver
• John Local
• John Ohala
• John Samuel Kenyon

K

• Kenneth Lee Pike
• Kenneth N. Stevens

L

• Labialization
• Labial-palatal approximant (ɥ)
• Labial-palatal consonant
• Labial-uvular consonant
• Labial-uvular plosive (q͡p)
• Labial-velar approximant (w)
• Labial-velar consonant
• Labial-velar nasal (ŋ͡m)
• Labiodental approximant (ʋ)
• Labiodental consonant
• Labiodental ejective fricative (fʼ)
• Labiodental flap (ⱱ)
• Labiodental nasal (ɱ)
• Lateral click (ǁ)
• Laminal consonant
• Lateral consonant
• Length (phonetics)
• Lenis
• Lexical stress
• Lilias Armstrong
• Linguolabial consonant
• Lips
• Liquid consonant
• List of consonants
• List of vowels
• Luciano Canepari
• Ludmilla A. Chistovich

M

• Manner of articulation
• Mark Liberman
• Metathesis
• Mid central vowel (ə)
• Mid vowel
• Monophthong

N

• Nasal consonant
• Nasal stop
• Nasal vowel
• Nasalization
• Near-close back rounded vowel (ʊ)
• Near-close front rounded vowel (ʏ)
• Near-close front unrounded vowel (ɪ)
• Near-close vowel
• Near-open central vowel (ɐ)
• Near-open front unrounded vowel (æ)
• Near-open vowel

O

• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
• Occlusion
• Open back rounded vowel (ɒ)
• Open back unrounded vowel (ɑ)
• Open front rounded vowel (ɶ)
• Open front unrounded vowel (a)
• Open vowel
• Open-mid back rounded vowel (ɔ)
• Open-mid back unrounded vowel (ʌ)
• Open-mid central rounded vowel (ɞ)
• Open-mid central unrounded vowel (ɜ)
• Open-mid front rounded vowel (œ)
• Open-mid front unrounded vowel (ɛ)
• Open-mid vowel
• Oral consonant

P

• Palatal approximant (j, j̊)
• Palatal click (ǂ)
• Palatal consonant
• Palatal ejective (cʼ)
• Palatal lateral approximant (ʎ, ʎ̟)
• Palatal lateral ejective affricate (cʎ̝̥ʼ)
• Palatal lateral flap (ʎ̯)
• Palatal nasal (ɲ, ɲ̟)
• Palatalization
• Palato-alveolar ejective affricate (tʃʼ)
• Palato-alveolar ejective fricative (ʃʼ)
• Palatography
• Pāṇini
• Passive articulator
• Peter Ladefoged
• Peter Roach (phonetician)
• Pharyngeal consonant
• Pharyngealization
• Philip Lieberman
• Phonation
• Phone
• Phoneme
• Phonetic palindrome
• Phonetic reversal
• Phonetics
• Phonetic transcription
• Pitch accent
• Place of articulation
• Plosive consonant
• Postalveolar consonant
• Postalveolar nasal (n̠)
• Preaspiration
• Prenasalized consonant
• Prosody
• Pulmonic egressive

R

• R-colored vowel
• Retroflex approximant (ɻ)
• Retroflex click (‼)
• Retroflex consonant
• Retroflex ejective (ʈʼ)
• Retroflex ejective affricate (ʈʂʼ)
• Retroflex ejective fricative (ʂʼ)
• Retroflex flap (ɽ)
• Retroflex nasal (ɳ)
• Retroflex lateral approximant (ɭ)
• Retroflex lateral flap (ɺ̢)
• Retroflex trill (ɽr)
• Rhotic consonant
• Rounded vowel

S

• Sandhi
• SAMPA
• Semivowel
• Sibilant consonant
• Sj-sound (ɧ)
• Slack voice
• Jennifer Smith (sociolinguist)
• Sociophonetics
• Sonorant
• Source–filter model of speech production
• Spectrogram
• Speech organ
• Speech perception
• Stress accent
• Stress (linguistics)
• Stricture
• Syllable
• Syncope

T

• Table of vowels
• Tap or flap consonant
• Teeth
• Tenseness
• Tonal language
• Tone sandhi
• Tongue
• Trill consonant
• Triphthong

U

• Unrounded vowel
• Uvula
• Uvular consonant
• Uvular ejective (qʼ)
• Uvular ejective affricate (qχʼ)
• Uvular ejective fricative (χʼ)
• Uvular flap (ɢ̆)
• Uvular nasal (ɴ)
• Uvular trill (ʀ)

V

• Velar approximant (ɰ)
• Velar consonant
• Velar ejective (kʼ)
• Velar ejective affricate (kxʼ)
• Velar ejective fricative (xʼ)
• Velar lateral approximant (ʟ)
• Velar lateral ejective affricate (kʟ̝̊ʼ)
• Velar lateral flap (ʟ̆)
• Velar nasal (ŋ)
• Velaric egressive
• Velarization
• Velum
• Vocal cords
• Vocal stress
• Vocal tract
• Voice onset time
• Voiced alveolar affricate (dz)
• Voiced alveolar fricative (z, ð̠)
• Voiced alveolar implosive (ɗ)
• Voiced alveolar lateral affricate (dɮ)
• Voiced alveolar lateral fricative (ɮ)
• Voiced alveolar plosive (d)
• Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (dʑ)
• Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (ʑ)
• Voiced bilabial fricative (β)
• Voiced bilabial implosive (ɓ)
• Voiced bilabial plosive (b)
• Voiced consonant
• Voiced dental affricate (d̪z̪, dð)
• Voiced dental fricative (z̪), (ð)
• Voiced dental plosive (d̪)
• Voiced epiglottal fricative (ʢ)
• Voiced glottal fricative (ɦ)
• Voiced implosive consonant
• Voiced labial-velar plosive (ɡ͡b)
• Voiced labiodental affricate (b̪v)
• Voiced labiodental fricative (v)
• Voiced labiodental plosive (b̪)
• Voiced palatal affricate (ɟʝ)
• Voiced palatal fricative (ʝ)
• Voiced palatal implosive (ʄ)
• Voiced palatal plosive (ɟ)
• Voiced palato-alveolar affricate (dʒ)
• Voiced pharyngeal fricative (ʕ)
• Voiced postalveolar fricative (ʒ)
• Voiced retroflex affricate (ɖʐ)
• Voiced retroflex fricative (ʐ)
• Voiced retroflex implosive (ᶑ)
• Voiced retroflex plosive (ɖ)
• Voiced uvular affricate (ɢʁ)
• Voiced uvular fricative (ʁ)
• Voiced uvular implosive (ʛ)
• Voiced uvular plosive (ɢ)
• Voiced velar affricate (ɡɣ)
• Voiced velar fricative (ɣ)
• Voiced velar implosive (ɠ)
• Voiced velar lateral affricate (ɡʟ̝)
• Voiced velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝)
• Voiced velar plosive (ɡ)
• Voiceless alveolar affricate (ts)
• Voiceless alveolar fricative (s, θ̠)
• Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate (tɬ)
• Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (ɬ)
• Voiceless alveolar nasal (n̥)
• Voiceless alveolar plosive (t)
• Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (tɕ)
• Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (ɕ)
• Voiceless bilabial fricative (ɸ)
• Voiceless bilabial nasal (m̥)
• Voiceless bilabial plosive (p)
• Voiceless consonant
• Voiceless dental affricate (t̪s̪, tθ)
• Voiceless dental fricative (s̪, θ)
• Voiceless dental plosive (t̪)
• Voiceless epiglottal fricative (ʜ)
• Voiceless glottal fricative (h)
• Voiceless labial-velar fricative (ʍ)
• Voiceless labial-velar plosive (k͡p)
• Voiceless labiodental affricate (p̪f)
• Voiceless labiodental fricative (f)
• Voiceless labiodental plosive (p̪)
• Voiceless palatal affricate (cç)
• Voiceless palatal fricative (ç)
• Voiceless palatal lateral affricate (cʎ̥˔)
• Voiceless palatal lateral fricative (ʎ̝̊)
• Voiceless palatal nasal (ɲ̊)
• Voiceless palatal plosive (c)
• Voiceless pharyngeal fricative (ħ)
• Voiceless postalveolar affricate (tʃ)
• Voiceless postalveolar fricative (ʃ)
• Voiceless retroflex affricate (ʈʂ)
• Voiceless retroflex fricative (ʂ)
• Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative (ꞎ)
• Voiceless retroflex nasal (ɳ̊)
• Voiceless retroflex plosive (ʈ)
• Voiceless retroflex trill (ɽr̥)
• Voiceless uvular affricate (qχ)
• Voiceless uvular fricative (χ)
• Voiceless uvular nasal (ɴ̥)
• Voiceless uvular plosive (q)
• Voiceless uvular trill (ʀ̥)
• Voiceless velar affricate (kx)
• Voiceless velar fricative (x)
• Voiceless velar lateral affricate (kʟ̝̊)
• Voiceless velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝̊)
• Voiceless velar nasal (ŋ̊)
• Voiceless velar plosive (k)
• Voicing
• Vowel
• Vowel backness
• Vowel harmony
• Vowel height
• Vowel hiatus
• Vowel length
• Vowel reduction
• Vowel roundedness

W

• Whispering

X

• X-SAMPA

Y

• Yi Tso-lin