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| Voiceless uvular trill | |
|---|---|
| ʀ̥ | |
| ʀ̊ | |
| IPA Number | 123 402A |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | R\_0 |
| Voiceless uvular fricative trill | |
|---|---|
| ʀ̝̊ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiceless uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some dialects of some spoken languages. It is less common than its voiced counterpart.
Features of the voiceless uvular trill:
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baïnounk Gubëeher | Some speakers [1] | [ example needed ] | Word-final allophone of /ɾ/. | ||
| French | Belgian [2] | triste | [t̪ʀ̥is̪t̪œ] | 'sad' | Allophone of /ʁ/ after voiceless consonants; can be a fricative [ χ ] instead. [2] See French phonology |
| German | Standard [3] | treten | [ˈtʀ̥eːtn̩] | 'to step' | Possible allophone of /r/ after voiceless consonants for speakers that realize /r/ as a uvular trill [ ʀ ]. [3] See Standard German phonology |
| Chemnitz dialect [4] | Rock | [ʀ̥ɔkʰ] | 'skirt' | In free variation with [ ʁ̞ ], [ ʁ ], [ χ ] and [ q ]. Does not occur in the coda. [4] | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect [5] | geer | [ɣeːʀ̥] | 'odour' | Possible word-final allophone of /ʀ/; may be alveolar [ r̥ ] instead. [6] See Hasselt dialect phonology |
| Spanish | Ponce dialect [7] [ full citation needed ] | perro | [ˈpe̞ʀ̥o̞] | 'dog' | This and [ χ ] are the primary realizations of /r/ in this dialect. [7] See Spanish phonology |
The voiceless velar plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨k⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k.
The voiceless uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like a voiceless velar plosive, except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨q⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q.
The voiced uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʀ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter r. This consonant is one of several collectively called guttural R.
The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʁ⟩, an inverted small uppercase letter ⟨ʀ⟩, or in broad transcription ⟨r⟩ if rhotic. This consonant is one of the several collectively called guttural R when found in European languages.
The voiced uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɢ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter g, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is G\.
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in Modern English but existed in Old English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɣ⟩, a Latinized variant of the Greek letter gamma, ⟨γ⟩, which has this sound in Modern Greek. It should not be confused with the graphically-similar ⟨ɤ⟩, the IPA symbol for a close-mid back unrounded vowel, which some writings use for the voiced velar fricative.
The voiceless epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiceless epiglottal fricative, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʜ⟩, a small capital version of the Latin letter h, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is H\.
The voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨c⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c.
The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is an h-bar, ⟨ħ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is X\. In the transcription of Arabic, Berber as well as a few other scripts, it is often written ⟨Ḥ⟩, ⟨ḥ⟩.
A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiceless postalveolar fricative only for the sound, but it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative, for which there are significant perceptual differences.
The voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʂ⟩ which is a Latin letter s combined with a retroflex hook. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA letter is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook to the bottom of ⟨s⟩. A distinction can be made between laminal, apical, and sub-apical articulations. Only one language, Toda, appears to have more than one voiceless retroflex sibilant, and it distinguishes subapical palatal from apical postalveolar retroflex sibilants; that is, both the tongue articulation and the place of contact on the roof of the mouth are different.
The voiceless uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨χ⟩, the Greek chi. The sound is represented by ⟨x̣⟩ in Americanist phonetic notation. It is sometimes transcribed with ⟨x⟩ in broad transcription.
The voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩, since the two have never been reported to contrast.
The voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill only by the vibrations of the vocal cord. It occurs in a few languages, usually alongside the voiced version, as a similar phoneme or an allophone.
The voiceless velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are ⟨k͡x⟩ and ⟨k͜x⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k_x. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨kx⟩ in the IPA and kx in X-SAMPA.
The voiceless bilabial affricate is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop and released as a voiceless bilabial fricative. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.
The voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive or stop is a rare consonant.
The voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive or stop is a rare consonant.
The voiceless uvular-epiglottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is a and pronounced simultaneously. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is.
The voiceless labial–uvular plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is a and pronounced simultaneously. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨q͡p⟩.
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