Mysian language

Last updated
Mysian
Region Mysia
Ethnicity Mysians
Extinct 1st century BC
Mysian alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3 yms
yms
Glottolog mysi1239

The Mysian language was spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia.

Contents

Little is known about the Mysian language. Strabo noted that it was, "in a way, a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages". [1] As such, the Mysian language could be a language of the Anatolian or Phrygian group. However, a passage in Athenaeus suggests that the Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of Paeonia, north of Macedon.

Inscription

Only one inscription is known that may be in the Mysian language. It has seven lines of about 20 signs each, written from right to left (sinistroverse), but the first two lines are very incomplete. The inscription dates from between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE and was found in 1926 by Christopher William Machell Cox and Archibald Cameron in Üyücek village, 15 km due south of Tavşanlı, in the Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province, near the outskirts of the classical Phrygian territory. [2] The text seems to include Indo-European words. [3] [4]

The alphabet used resembles the Old-Phrygian alphabet, but some signs are quite different: [5]

Mysian versus Phrygian alphabets
sign Mysian A.png , Mysian A variant.png PhrygianBeta R2L.png Δ ? PhrygianEps R2L.png , PhrygianEpsR2Lvariant.png PhrygianWav R2L.png I Mysian K.png Mysian L.png PhrygianMu R2L.png PhrygianNu R2L.png Mysian O.png , Mysian O variant.png Mysian P.png PhrygianRho R2L.png Mysian S.png Mysian T.png Mysian U.png Mysian Y.png Mysian Z.png
Phrygian equivalent PhrygianAlpha R2L.png PhrygianBeta R2L.png PhrygianGammaR2L.png Λ, Δ PhrygianEps R2L.png , PhrygianEpsR2Lvariant.png PhrygianWav R2L.png I PhrygianKappa R2L.png PhrygianLabdaR2L.png PhrygianMu R2L.png PhrygianNu R2L.png O PhrygianPiR2L.png PhrygianRho R2L.png PhrygianSigmaR2Lvariant.png T Old-PhrygianU R2L.png PhrygianYodR2L.png PhrygianZeta R2L.png
transcriptionabgdeviklmnoprstuy PhrygianZeta R2L.png
phoneme/a/,
/a:/		/b//g//d//e/,
/e:/		/w//i/,
/i:/		/k//l//m//n//o/,
/o:/		/p//r//s//t//u/,
/u:/		/j//ts/ ?

In the past there has been much confusion concerning the sibilants in the alphabet. Initially it was thought that the Mysian Y.png sign represented a sibilant, transcribed as š or z, but since 1969 it is known that it actually denoted a /j/ sound, transcribed as y. The Mysian S.png sign was thought to be a sound not present in the regular Old-Phrygian alphabet and dubbed the "Mysian s", transcribed as ś, but it was in fact the regular s. The Mysian Z.png sign was formerly transcribed s, but it is in fact the equivalent of the Phrygian PhrygianZeta R2L.png sign, probably denoting a /z/, /zd/, or /ts/ sound. [6]

It is uncertain whether the inscription renders a text in the Mysian language or if it is simply a Phrygian dialect from the region of Mysia. Brixhe, discussing the existing literature on the inscription, argues that the language is Phrygian. [7] The seventh line can be read as:

[.]lakes braterais patriyioisk[e]

The words "braterais patriyioisk[e]" have been proposed to mean something like "(for) [8] brothers and fathers / relatives": [9]

Lakes (or -lakes, a first sign may be missing; alternatively, according to Friedrich, read ...likeś [11] ) is most probably a personal name. [12] However, Friedrich indicates that the reading is variable, and writes "instead of k also p or a conceivably, instead of e[,] v is possible, instead of ś maybe i." (translated from the original German) [13]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Strabo. "Geography, Book XII, Chapter 8". LacusCurtius.
  2. ↑ Cox, C. W. M.; Cameron, A. (1932-12-01). "A native inscription from the Myso-Phrygian Borderland". Klio. 25 (25): 34–49. doi:10.1524/klio.1932.25.25.34. ISSN   2192-7669. S2CID   194450722.
  3. ↑ "Epigraphical database: Native 'Mysian' inscription". Packard Humanities Institute.
  4. ↑ Woudhuizen, Fred. C. (1993). "Old Phrygian: Some Texts and Relations". The Journal of Indo-European Studies. 21: 1–25.
  5. ↑ Brixhe, Claude (2004). "Supplément II Corpus des inscriptions Paléo-Phrygiennes". Kadmos. 43 (1): 1-130: p. 34. doi:10.1515/kadm.43.1.1. S2CID   201122893 . Retrieved 2021-07-21. (in French)
  6. ↑ Brixhe (2004), pp. 26-29.
  7. ↑ Brixhe (2004), pp. 32-42.
  8. ↑ The endings -ais and -ois look like datives Plural, but Brixhe (2004), pp. 41-42, argues that they are probably accusatives Plural. Obrador Cursach agrees: Obrador Cursach, Bartomeu (2018). Lexicon of the Phrygian Inscriptions (PDF). Doctoral dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona. p. 159. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  9. ↑ Blažek, Václav. “Indo-European kinship terms in *-ə̯2TER.” (2001). In: Grammaticvs: studia linguistica Adolfo Erharto quinque et septuagenario oblata. Šefčík, Ondřej (editor); Vykypěl, Bohumil (editor). Vyd. 1. V Brně: Masarykova univerzita, 2001. p. 24. http://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/123188
  10. ↑ Obrador Cursach (2018), pp. 159, 216, 267.
  11. ↑ See J. Friedrich (1932), Kleinasiatische Sprachdenkmäler, 141.
  12. ↑ See J. Friedrich (1932), Kleinasiatische Sprachdenkmäler, 140–141.
  13. ↑ See J. Friedrich (1932), Kleinasiatische Sprachdenkmäler, 142, fn. 7.
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