Narungga | |
---|---|
Region | South Australia |
Ethnicity | Narungga people |
Extinct | ca. 1936 [1] |
Revival | 1980s; [1] 25 speakers reported in 2016 census, down from 46 in 2011 [2] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | nnr |
nnr | |
Glottolog | naru1238 |
AIATSIS [2] | L1 |
ELP | Narungga |
Narungga (also Narangga) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. As a result of the colonisation of Australia, the Narungga language fell into disuse within several generations. Nevertheless, Narungga continued to be documented into the 20th century, and the 1980s saw a community reclamation. As a result of revival efforts, the language along with Narungga culture is now being taught around the Yorke Peninsula, from Moonta and Maitland Area Schools to Point Pearce.
Narungga is one of the languages in the Yura group, which includes Nukunu, Kaurna, and Ngadjuri, among others, and belongs to the Pama–Nyungan family.
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
Plosive | b | ɡ | d̪ | ɟ | d | ɖ | |
Nasal | plain | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
pre-stopped | d̪n̪ | ɟɲ | dn | ɖɳ | |||
Tap/Trill | r | ɽ | |||||
Lateral | plain | l̪ | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
pre-stopped | d̪l̪ | ɟʎ | dl | ɖɭ | |||
Approximant | w | j | ɻ |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː |
Open | a aː |
The Yorke Peninsula is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait. The most populous town in the region is Kadina.
The Yorke Peninsula Council is a local government area in South Australia. Its boundaries include most of the Yorke Peninsula. The council seat is at Maitland; the council also maintains branch offices at Minlaton and Yorketown.
Yorketown is a town and a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the southern Yorke Peninsula about 91 kilometres (57 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of the municipal seat of Maitland.
Wattle Point Wind Farm is a wind farm near Edithburgh on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia, which has been operating since April 2005. When it was officially opened in June of that year it was Australia's largest wind farm at 91 megawatts (122,000 hp). The installation consists of 55 wind turbines covering 17.5 square kilometres (6.8 sq mi)and was built at a cost of 180 million Australian dollars. It is connected to ETSA Utilities electricity transmission system via a 132 kilovolt line.
Maitland is a town in South Australia known as the "heart of Yorke Peninsula" due to it being near the centre of the region. By road, it is 168 km west of Adelaide, 164 km south of Port Pirie and 46 km north of Minlaton.
Balgowan is a small coastal town on the west coast of South Australia's Yorke Peninsula. It is located approximately 20 kilometres west of Maitland. Like other towns popular with tourists on Yorke Peninsula, it has a large number of shacks, holiday houses, caravan facilities and a boat ramp. The population generally increases during peak holiday periods.
The Narungga people, also spelt Narangga, are a group of Aboriginal Australians whose traditional lands are located throughout Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Their traditional language, one of the Yura-Thura grouping, is Narungga.
Nukunu is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language spoken by Nukunu people on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. As of 2017, there is a revival and maintenance programme under way for the language.
Point Pearce, also spelt Point Pierce in the past, is a town in the Australian state of South Australia. The town is located in the Yorke Peninsula Council local government area, 194 kilometres (121 mi) north-west of the state capital, Adelaide.
Wardang Island, also known as Waralti is a low-lying 20 km2 island in the Spencer Gulf close to the western coast of the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. It acts as a natural breakwater, protecting the former grain port of Port Victoria and providing a sheltered anchorage. After European colonisation it was used for the grazing of sheep, for rabbit disease research, was quarried for lime to supply the lead smelter at Port Pirie and is currently leased to the island's traditional owners: the Narungga. The much smaller Goose Island and the other rocks and islets in the Goose Island Conservation Park lie off the northern end. Anyone seeking to visit the island must obtain prior permission from the Point Pearce Community Council.
South Kilkerran is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on Yorke Peninsula between Maitland and Port Victoria.
Winulta was a town in the Australian state of South Australia on northern Yorke Peninsula around 10 km from Clinton on the Clinton-Maitland road. It was first settled for farming around 1876. The earliest farmers were William Short, Thomas Kenny and John Sharrad.
Sandilands is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the east coast of Yorke Peninsula immediately adjoining Gulf St Vincent about 88 kilometres (55 mi) north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the municipal seat in Maitland.
Nalyappa is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the west coast of Yorke Peninsula immediately adjoining Spencer Gulf about 128 kilometres north-west of the state capital of Adelaide.
Chinaman Wells is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the west coast of Yorke Peninsula immediately adjoining Spencer Gulf about 119 kilometres north-west of the state capital of Adelaide.
Black Point is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the east coast of Yorke Peninsula about 72 kilometres northwest of the state capital of Adelaide.
County of Fergusson is a cadastral unit located in the Australian state of South Australia which spans Yorke Peninsula south of Price. It was proclaimed in 1869 by Governor Fergusson after whom the county was named.
Cunningham is a locality on Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. It lies on the road between Ardrossan and Maitland.
Wauraltee is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Yorke Peninsula about 102 kilometres (63 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Maitland.
Koolywurtie is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Yorke Peninsula about 93 kilometres (58 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal seat of Maitland.