Arandic | |
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Geographic distribution | South Australia |
Linguistic classification | Pama–Nyungan
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Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | aran1267 |
Arandic languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan) |
Arandic is a family of Australian Aboriginal languages consisting of several languages or dialect clusters, including the Arrernte (Upper Arrernte) group, Lower Arrernte (also known as Lower Southern Arrernte), Pertame language (also known as Southern Arrernte) and Kaytetye.
There are differing opinions as to which are dialects and which separate languages, among linguists and among the Arrernte people themselves.
Proto-Arandic | |
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Reconstruction of | Arandic languages |
Reconstructed ancestor |
Proto-Arandic and Pre-Arandic reconstructions from Koch (2004): [10]
gloss | Proto-Arandic | Pre-Arandic |
---|---|---|
armpit | *ilhenpe | *CilhVnpV |
blood | *arrknge | *CVrrngV |
brain | *ake+urrnge | *kaka+CurrngV |
breast | *atye | *CatyV |
egg | *ukarte | *muka+artV |
face | *inngerre | *NinngVrrV |
fat | *antere | *NantOrV |
hand, finger | *iltye | *miltyV “claw” |
nasal mucus | *yungkel | *CYungkVl |
sweat | *anytyeye | *CantyVyV |
tendon | *alurrnge | *CalO+CurrngV |
thigh | *uylepere | *warli+pVrV |
throat | *ahentye | *CaakVntyV |
man | *urte | *CurtO |
person, woman? | *arelhe | *CarVlhV |
female | *amarle | *ngama+arlV |
dreaming | *altyerre | *CaltyVrrV |
camp | *apmere | *TamVrV |
single men's camp | *arnkentye | *CarnkVntyV |
single women's camp | *arlwekere ? | *CurlVkVrV/*wa- |
father's father | *arrenge | *CarrVngV |
father-in-law | *ahenterre | *CaakVntVrrV |
mother's father | *atye, itye | *CEtyV |
cousin (female) | *altyele | *CaltyVlV |
cousin (male) | *a(t)nkele | *CankOlV |
sister-in-law (of f?) | *arntenge | *NarntOngV |
axe | *ilepe | *CilOpV |
digging stick | *atneme | *kana+m(p)V |
spindle | *ante *unte | *CuntO |
rabbit bandicoot tail-tip | *alpiyte? | *CalpV+CV(r)ti |
ant bed | *ungkepeye | *mungka+pVyV |
burrow | *ulhenge | *ngulha+ngV |
cave | *inteye | *CintVyV |
cliff | *arnke | *CarnkV |
coals | *(a)perrke | *CapVrrkV |
delicacy, honey | *ungkarle | *NungkaarlV |
flame | *inthe | *CinthV |
gap | *utatye | *CutaatyV/*wa- |
ground | *ahe- | *CaakV- |
rainbow | *umperlarre | *CumpVrlV- |
road | *iyteye | *Ci(r)tiyV |
rock hole | *arnerre | *NarnOrrV |
sun | *aherrke | *CaakVrrkV |
east | *Vkngerre | *kangarra ! |
west | *alte- | *CaltO- |
far | *arlenge | *CarlOngV |
down, under, inside | *ukene | *CukVnV/*wa- |
blind | *upenge | *CupVngV /*wa- |
dangerous | *ahe+ | *CaakV- |
dried out, desiccated | *aynterrke | *Ca(r)ntirrkV |
empty | *urlte | *CurltV |
frightened | *atere | *CatOrV |
knowing | *akaltye | *kaka+CaltyV |
point | *arriylpe | *Rirra+Ci(r)lpi |
raw | *arletye | *CarlOtyV |
sick, be in pain | *arnte- | *CarntO- |
sleep | *u(t)nke | *CunkO /*wa- |
smooth | *alyelke | *CalyVlkV |
gloss | Proto-Arandic | Pre-Arandic |
---|---|---|
bite | *utnhe- | *TunhV- |
chase | *ule(rne)- | *CulO- |
copulate with | *Vnte(rne)- | *CVntV- |
cut off | *urnte(rne)- | *CurntO- |
get stuck in | *ume(rne)- | *NumO- |
go about (in search of) | *u(t)nthe- | *CunthV- |
insert | *uke(rne)- | *CukV-/*wakV- |
make, fix | *umpare - | *CumpV+CarV- |
manipulate in coolamon? | *aynpe- / *arnpe- | *Ca(r)npi- |
pluck, clear of feathers | *althe- | *CalthV- |
put (down) | *arre(rne)- | *CVrrV- |
put foot down, move off | *arnpe- | *CarnpO- |
put high | *utye(rne)- | *CYutyV-? |
return | *alpe- | *CalpO-? |
see | *are- | *miira-? |
shine (on) | *arrtye- | *CVrrtyV- |
sing | *ayle- | *Ca(r)li- |
swallow | *uke(rne)- | *CukV-/*wakV- |
tie | *irrtye- | *CVrrtyV- |
Scientific name | Common name | Proto-Arandic | Pre-Arandic |
---|---|---|---|
Eucalyptus opaca | desert bloodwood | *arrke | *CarrkV |
Eucalyptus coolabah | *ankerre | *CankOrrV | |
green grass | *atherrke | *CathVrrkV | |
Acacia aneura | mulga | *artetye | *CartOtyV |
Ventilago viminalis | supplejack | *atnyere | *TanyVrV |
Ficus platypoda | wild fig | *wityerrke/*yu- | *wityVrrkV /*CYu- |
Canthium latifolium | native currant | *ahakeye | *CaakaakVyV |
Acacia kempeana | witchetty bush | *atnyeme | *TanyVmV |
Acacia ligulata | umbrella bush | *arterrke | *CartOrrkV |
Acacia tetragonophylla | dead finish | *arlketyerre | *CarlkOtyVrrV |
Acacia victoriae | acacia bush | *urlepe?, *arlepe | *COrlOpV |
Atalaya hemiglauca | whitewood | *arlperre | *CarlpOrrV |
Boerhavia spp. | tar vine | *ayepe | *CayVpV |
Grevillea striata | beefwood | *iyltentye | *Ci(r)ltintyV |
Hakea chordophylla | northern corkwood | *untyeye | *CuntyVyV /*wa- |
gloss | Proto-Arandic | Pre-Arandic |
---|---|---|
dingo | *urtnere | *TurnOrV |
Jew lizard | *ankerte | *CankOrtV |
kangaroo | *aherre | *CaakVrrV |
crested pigeon | *apelkere /-ure? | *CapVlkVrV |
honey ant | *yerr+ampe? | *CVyVrrV+ |
termites, white ants | *interrke | *CintOrrkV |
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Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions |