Giimbiyu | |
---|---|
Mangerr | |
Native to | Australia |
Region | Northern Territory |
Extinct | 1980s–1990s [1] |
Language isolate or Arnhem Land?
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin (Australian Aboriginal) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously: zme – Mangerr urc – Urningangg err – Erre |
Glottolog | giim1238 |
AIATSIS [2] | N220 |
ELP | |
Giimbiyu (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey) |
Giimbiyu is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language isolate once spoken by the Giimbiyu people of northern Australia.
The name Giimbiyu is a Gaagudju word for 'of the stoney country'. It was introduced in Harvey (1992) as a cover term for the named dialects, [2]
In 1997 Nicholas Evans proposed an Arnhem Land family that includes the Giimbiyu languages. However, they are not included in Bowern (2011). [3]
Capell (1942) lists the following basic vocabulary items: [4]
gloss | Mangeri | Uningangk |
---|---|---|
man | wurilg | wurig |
woman | ŋeːn | ŋeːn |
head | wiliŋerm | ulŋerb |
eye | iːm | iːm |
nose | jingolm | ingolb |
mouth | jagir | indjaːd |
tongue | nindjadj | indjaːd |
stomach | abeɽweɽe | abeɽwe |
bone | ijerm | mulgud |
blood | maneŋulm | waija |
kangaroo | oidjbaɣar | wurulamb |
opossum | muŋaːd | malijarŋ |
emu | wiwijüw | iwidjiw |
crow | gagud | gagud |
fly | muɳimuɳi | maŋanaŋaɳ |
sun | muɣaːliŋ | indjuwawi |
moon | järagäl | järagäl |
fire | wiɽumgarm | widjälim |
smoke | wuŋɛŋg | wuŋɛŋg |
water | ogog | ogog |
The Indigenous languages of Australia number in the hundreds, the precise number being quite uncertain, although there is a range of estimates from a minimum of around 250 up to possibly 363. The Indigenous languages of Australia comprise numerous language families and isolates, perhaps as many as 13, spoken by the Indigenous peoples of mainland Australia and a few nearby islands. The relationships between the language families are not clear at present although there are proposals to link some into larger groupings. Despite this uncertainty, the Indigenous Australian languages are collectively covered by the technical term "Australian languages", or the "Australian family".
Macro-Pama-Nyungan is an umbrella term used to refer to a proposed Indigenous Australian language family. It was coined by the Australian linguist Nicholas Evans in his 1996 book Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective, co-authored by Patrick McConvell. The term arose from Evans' theory suggesting that two of the largest Indigenous Australian language families share a common origin, and should therefore be classified as a singular language family under "Macro-Pama-Nyungan".
Gaagudju is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the environs of Kakadu National Park, in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.
Mingginda or Minkin is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, perhaps a language isolate, of northern Australia. It was spoken by the Mingin people in the area around Burketown, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in an area that contains the headwaters of the Leichhardt River.
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The Ngarinyin language, also known as Ungarinjin and Eastern Worrorran, is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language of the Kimberley region of Western Australia spoken by the Ngarinyin people.
Yolŋu Matha, meaning the 'Yolŋu tongue', is a linguistic family that includes the languages of the Yolngu, the indigenous people of northeast Arnhem Land in northern Australia. The ŋ in Yolŋu is pronounced as the ng in singing.
Gurr-goni, also spelled Guragone, Gorogone, Gun-Guragone, Gunagoragone, Gungorogone, Gurrogone, Gutjertabia, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Arnhem Land. There were about 60 speakers in 2011, all trilingual in Burarra or Kuninjku.
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Mangarrayi is an Australian language spoken in the Northern Territory. Its classification is uncertain. Margaret Sharpe originally sought to record the language but turned to the study of Alawa after the station owner where her informants lived denied her access, having tired of the presence of researchers on the property.
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The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology in their verbal inflections.
The Arnhem Land languages are a language family proposed by Evans (1997) of Australian languages spoken across northern Arnhem Land.
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The Giimbiyu were an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory. Their descendants having adopted the Kunwinjku language.
The Dalabon or Dangbon are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Northern Territory.