Wagaydyic | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Daly River |
Linguistic classification | Northern Daly ? |
Subdivisions |
|
Glottolog | None wadj1254 (covered by Wadjiginy) |
The Wagaydyic languages (nowadays more often referred to as the Anson Bay languages [1] ) are a pair of closely related but otherwise unclassified Australian Aboriginal languages: the moribund Wadjiginy (also known as Wagaydy and Batjamalh) and the extinct Kandjerramalh (Pungupungu).
Tryon (1980) notes that the two languages are 79% cognate based on a 200-item wordlist, but there are serious grammatical differences that prevent them from being considered dialects of a single language. [2] [3]
The unattested Giyug may have been a dialect of Wadjiginy or otherwise related. [4]
The Wagaydyic languages have previously been classified with Malak-Malak into a Northern Daly family, but similarities appear to be due to lexical and morphological borrowing from Malak-Malak, at least in Wadjiginy.[ citation needed ]
The following basic vocabulary items of Wadjiginy and Pungupungu are from Tryon (1968). [5]
no. | gloss | Wadjiginy | Pungupungu |
---|---|---|---|
1 | head | biǰæ | pœǰæ |
2 | hair | mæræbiǰæ | mæræpœǰæ |
3 | eyes | mibæ | mibæ |
4 | nose | wiǰa | wuǰæ |
5 | ear | bibara | pibæræ |
6 | tooth | diRæ | diRæ |
7 | tongue | ŋadal | ŋadal |
8 | shoulder | čælmæ | čælmæ |
9 | elbow | čin | čin |
10 | hand | ŋælæ | ŋælæ |
11 | breasts | wiŋ | wïŋ |
12 | back | bæbæra | raɲ |
13 | belly | dawara | wunæ |
14 | navel | ǰœrač | čœrač |
15 | heart | čœnmanaǰ | dœpmadœpma |
16 | urine | kæwælæč | kawalač |
17 | excrete | guk | kuk |
18 | thigh | bælæm | pædlæm |
19 | leg | kæræl | kæræl |
20 | knee | karaŋok | miraŋok |
21 | foot | čœt | čœt |
22 | skin | yæræɲ | yæræɲ |
23 | fat | wudæwæl | wœdawæl |
24 | blood | kawæɲ | kawaɲ |
25 | bone | bwik | bwik |
26 | man | ŋanaŋ | ŋanaŋ |
27 | woman | ŋawolaŋ | ŋawalaŋ |
28 | father | bapa | papalak |
29 | mother | kalaŋ | kalaŋ |
30 | grandmother | makaŋ | æčæ |
31 | policeman | wænæn | dukmækæ |
32 | spear | wælæra | wælæræ |
33 | woomera | kalan | kalan |
34 | boomerang | wiɲiŋgiɲ | wïɲïŋgïɲ |
35 | nullanulla | langur | langur |
36 | hair-belt | bulkaŋ | pulkaŋ |
37 | canoe | wutïŋge | winæ |
38 | axe | ličpuruk | ličpurp |
39 | dilly bag | wargade | waRgade |
40 | fire | wiɳ | win |
41 | smoke | wïɳgal | wungæl |
42 | water | wiyïk | wik |
43 | cloud | guk | pærk |
44 | rainbow | banaŋak | pulipuli |
45 | barramundi | pænŋat | pænŋæt |
46 | sea | ŋalgïn | ŋalgïn |
47 | river | čakaR | wikmagat |
48 | stone | maŋ | maŋ |
49 | ground | wut | wut |
50 | track | kal | kæl |
51 | dust | bœnaŋ | pœnaŋ |
52 | sun | gæyïk | kayïk |
53 | moon | kara | kalakkalak |
54 | star | mœrtæ | mœrta |
55 | night | ŋuraǰa | ŋurïnǰe |
56 | tomorrow | yiɲmæk | yiɲmæk |
57 | today | ŋaR | ŋær |
58 | big | pamalaŋ | pamalaŋ |
59 | possum | čædæræč | čaǰɛdač |
60 | dog | moyiɲ | moyiɲ |
61 | tail | kalpæ | kælpæ |
62 | meat | mæǰæm | mæǰæm |
63 | snake | kulgamalaŋ | walan |
64 | red kangaroo | muǰ | kænga |
65 | porcupine | nïminïŋač | mænɛŋɛč |
66 | emu | ŋœrœn | ŋœrœčul |
67 | crow | wak | wak |
68 | goanna | ŋaran | ŋaran |
69 | blue tongue lizard | bwikmidaŋ | wirič |
70 | mosquito | wœRaŋ | wœraŋ |
71 | sugar-bag | činæɲ | činiɲ |
72 | camp | rak | ræk |
73 | black | kalalk | kalalk |
74 | white | baybaymalaŋ | baybaymalaŋ |
75 | red | wïrewïre | wurewure |
76 | one | ŋanǰič | ŋanǰič |
77 | two | bakatamalaŋ | parkataŋgæɲ |
78 | when? | ænæɲ | anikinæ |
79 | what? | ɲinič | ɲinič |
80 | who? | naga | naga |
81 | I | ŋaǰa | ŋæǰæ |
82 | you | kænæ | kænæ |
83 | he | ǰamoyič | čamoyič |
84 | grass | wœrak | wœrak |
85 | vegetable food | mænæɲ | mænæɲ |
86 | tree | wiɳ | wiɳ |
87 | leaf | kalkal | kalkal |
88 | pandanus | ɲïŋarač | nurač |
89 | ironwood | mælæ | mælæ |
90 | ripe | baramuŋ | paramuŋ |
91 | good | čarakɔ | čarakɔ |
92 | bad | čalkma | čalkma |
93 | blind | kulyuk | kuluk |
94 | deaf | ŋamama | ŋamama |
95 | saliva | wudak | wudak |
Badimaya is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is a member of the Kartu subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan family, spoken by the Badimaya people of the Mid West region of Western Australia.
Ngan'gi, formerly known as Ngan'gityemerri, and also known as Ngan'gikurunggurr, Moil/Moyle, Tyemeri/Tyemerri, Marityemeri, and Nordaniman, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Daly River region of Australiaʼs Northern Territory. There are three mutually intelligible dialects, with the two sister dialects known as Ngen'giwumirri and Ngan'gimerri.
The Western Desert language, or Wati, is a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages in the Pama–Nyungan family.
Warray (Waray) was an Australian language spoken in the Adelaide River area of the Northern Territory.
Mingginda or Minkin is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, perhaps a language isolate, of northern Australia. It was spoken by the Mingin people in the area around Burketown, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in an area that contains the headwaters of the Leichhardt River.
The Daly languages are an areal group of four to five language families of Indigenous Australian languages. They are spoken within the vicinity of the Daly River in the Northern Territory.
Malak-Malak, also known as Ngolak-Wonga (Nguluwongga), is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Mulluk-Mulluk people. Malakmalak is nearly extinct, with children growing up speaking Kriol or English instead. The language is spoken in the Daly River area around Woolianna and Nauiyu. The Kuwema or Tyaraity (Tyeraty) variety is distinct.
Wambaya is a Non-Pama-Nyungan West Barkly Australian language of the Mirndi language group that is spoken in the Barkly Tableland of the Northern Territory, Australia. Wambaya and the other members of the West Barkly languages are somewhat unusual in that they are suffixing languages, unlike most Non-Pama-Nyungan languages which are prefixing.
Arabana or Arabuna is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, spoken by the Wongkanguru and Arabana people.
The Ndjébbana language, also spelt Djeebbana and Ndjebanna and also known as Kunibidji, is a Burarran language spoken by the Gunavidji (Ndjebbana) people of North-central Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Marranj is an Australian Aboriginal language, a dialect continuum consisting of Maranunggu, Menhthe, and Emmi.
The Eastern Daly languages are an extinct family of Australian aboriginal languages that are fairly closely related, at 50% cognate. They were:
The Southern Daly languages are a proposed family of two distantly related Australian aboriginal languages. They are:
Giyug is an extinct and unattested Australian Aboriginal language. It may have been close to Wagaydy—perhaps a dialect—but is otherwise unknown.
Guugu Yalandji, also spelt Kuku-Yalanji, is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. It is the traditional language of the Kuku Yalanji people.
Wanggamala, also spelt Wanggamanha, Wangkamahdla, Wangkamadla, Wangkamanha, Wangkamana, Wonkamala, Wongkamala, Wonkamudla, and other variants, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, previously spoken in the Northern Territory around Hay River and to the south of the Andegerebinha-speaking area.
Wamin, also known as Agwamin or Ewamian, is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland spoken by the Ewamian people. Wamin was traditionally spoken in the Etheridge region, in the areas around Einasliegh, Georgetown, and Mount Surprise.
Mithaka is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language in the Barcoo Shire of Western Queensland spoken by the Mitaka people.
The Western Daly languages are a small family of Australian aboriginal languages that share common grammatical forms. They are:
Kandjerramalh (Kenderramalh), also known as Pungupungu or Kuwema (Kuwama), is an Australian Aboriginal language from the Northern Territory in Australia. Apart from being closely related to Wadjiginy, it is not known to be related to any other language.