Uradhi | |
---|---|
Injinoo Ikya | |
Native to | Australia |
Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
Ethnicity | Injinoo (Ankamuti, Otati, Yinwum, Yadhaykenu) |
Extinct | 1990s [1] |
Revival | 2015 [1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously: urf – Uradhi amz – Atampaya avm – Angkamuthi yxm – Yinwum |
Glottolog | urad1238 Uradhic wuth1237 Wuthathi yinw1236 Yinwum |
AIATSIS [2] | Y184 Uradhi, Y238 Injinoo Ikya (identical to Uradhi), Y7 Angkamuthi, Y183 Atambaya, Y8 Yadhaykanu |
ELP | Uradhi |
Atampaya [3] | |
Urradhi is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, and is apparently extinct. It was spoken by the Urradhi people. Urradhi proper is the south-western dialect of the language. The name is composed of urra "this" and the proprietive dhi "having". The south-eastern dialect of the same language, Wudhadhi, is made of the same elements, wudha being "this". These are part of a group of closely related and highly mutually intelligible dialects, these being Angkamuthi to the north of Urradhi, Atampaya inland from these, Utudhanamu inland north from Atampaya, Yantaykenu further north, being the language of the Bamaga area, Yadhaykenu on the east coast north of Wudhadhi, and Yaraytyana further north again. (Adyinuri/Itinadyana may have been another.) This group has no common language name, though Urradhi is commonly used as a cover name. It is unknown when it became extinct. [4]
The Urradhi dialects are closely related to the Gudang language (Pantyinamu/Yatay/Gudang/Kartalaiga and other clan names), formerly spoken on the tip of Cape York.
The traditional language region includes north of Mapoon and Duyfken Point and east of the coast strip to the north of Port Musgrave (Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of the Ducie River, the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the Northern Peninsula Area Region including the communities of New Mapoon, Injinoo and Cowal Creek. [5]
Uradhi has seven phonemic vowels:
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | |
Close | i iː | u uː |
Mid | e | |
Open | a aː |
Uradhi has 18 consonants:
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
Plosive | p | k | c | t̪ | t | |
Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n̪ | n | |
Fricative | β | ɣ | ð | |||
Trill | r | |||||
Approximant | w | j | l | ɻ |
Cape York Peninsula is a peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.
Injinoo is a coastal town in the Northern Peninsula Area Region and a locality split between Northern Peninsula Area Region and the Shire of Torres in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is on the north-western coast of Cape York Peninsula. In the 2021 census, the locality of Injinoo had a population of 498 people.
Mapoon is a coastal town in the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and a locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and the Shire of Cook in Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Mapoon had a population of 469 people.
Meriam or the Eastern Torres Strait language is the language of the people of the small islands of Mer, Waier and Dauar, Erub, and Ugar in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. In the Western Torres Strait language, Kalaw Lagaw Ya, it is called Mœyam or Mœyamau Ya. It is the only Papuan language in Australian territory.
New Mapoon is a town in the Northern Peninsula Area Region and coastal locality split between the Northern Peninsula Region and Shire of Torres, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of New Mapoon had a population of 412 people.
The North Cape York Paman languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of forty languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. The languages are grouped largely according to R. M. W. Dixon. The only extant branches of this family are Umpila and the Wik languages. The now-extinct Northern Paman branch was unique among Pama-Nyungan languages in containing fricatives.
Gudang or Djagaraga is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is the traditional language of the Gudang people, and is the northernmost language of the Cape York Peninsula. It is closely related to Urradhi, its neighbour to the south, and distantly related to its neighbour to the north, the Western-Central Torres Strait Language, from which it borrowed quite a few vocabulary items.
Wuthathi, also spelt Wudhadhi, is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Wuthathi, an Aboriginal Australian people. It is unknown when it became extinct.
Luthigh is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Luthigh people. It is unknown when it became extinct. It constitutes a single language with Mpalitjanh. According to Sharp (1939), the neighboring Unjadi (Unyadi) language differed only marginally from that spoken by the Okara [Luthigh].
Alngith ([al-ngeeth]) is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Alngith people. The last known speakers survived into the 1980s. Phonologically, this language variety is very similar to the related variety Linngithigh, the only difference being that this language has the process of metathesis whereas Linngithigh does not.
Anguthimri is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Anguthimri people who lived in the area from the mouth of the Mission River north to Pennefather River and west to Duyfken Point. It is unknown when it became extinct.
The Shire of Cook is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia. The Shire covers most of the eastern and central parts of Cape York Peninsula, the most northerly section of the Australian mainland.
The Northern Peninsula Area Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia, covering areas on the northwestern coast of Cape York Peninsula. It was created in March 2008 out of three Aboriginal Shires and two autonomous Island Councils during a period of statewide local government reform.
Port Musgrave is a shallow, almost enclosed, estuarine bay located on the western coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.
The Ducie River is a river located on the Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.
Mbariman-Gudhinma, one of several languages labelled Gugu Warra 'unintelligible speech' as opposed to Gugu Mini 'intelligible speech', is an extinct dialect cluster of Aboriginal Australian languages of the Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland, Australia. Another one in the group is Wurangung, also known as Yadaneru or Jeteneru.
Ayabadhu (Ayapathu), or Badhu, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Paman family spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of North Queensland, Australia by the Ayapathu people. The Ayabadhu language region includes the Cook Shire and the areas around Coen and Port Stewart.
Mbiywom (Mbeiwum) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken by the Mbiywom people around the areas of Cape York and Cook Shire in Far North Queensland.
The Yadhaykenu, otherwise known as the Jathaikana or Yadhaigana, are an Australian aboriginal tribe of northern Queensland. The name appears to be an exonym from the Western and Central Torres Strait yadaigal "talkers, chatterers,people who speak a lot".
Duyfken Point is a point in the locality of Mission River, Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia.