Yabula-Yabula language

Yabula-Yabula
Jabulajabula, Ngarimoro
Native to	Australia
Region	Victoria, New South Wales
Ethnicity	Ngarrimouro/Ngarrimowro
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Yotayotic Yabula-Yabula
Language codes
ISO 639-3	yxy
Glottolog	yabu1234
AIATSIS [1]	S38
ELP	Yabula-Yabula

Yabula-Yabula (Jabulajabula) in an extinct language of Australia, located in Victoria and New South Wales. Dixon listed it an isolate, but Glottolog evaluates it as a dialect of Yotayota. ^[2] It shares only 44% of its vocabulary with Yorta Yorta, so is best considered a separate language. This may due to the rapid lexical change involved after a person's death, as their name cannot be uttered. ^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of Yabula-Yabula are likely the same as those in Yorta-Yorta, based on analysis of wordlists. ^[3]

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar
Stop	b	d̪	d	ɟ	(ɖ )	ɡ
Nasal	m	n̪	n	ɲ	(ɳ )	ŋ
Lateral			l	(ʎ)	(ɭ )
Rhotic			ɾ~r		(ɽ)
Approximant	w			j

Vowels

Vowels in Yabula-Yabula were likely also identical to those in Yorta-Yorta. ^[3]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

[e] is the rarest vowel. There are no vowel-initial words in Yabula-Yabula, but there are some in Yorta-Yorta, due to the deletion of [j] or sometimes [ŋ] before [a].

References

1. S38 Yabula-Yabula at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2. Heather Bowe and Stephen Morey. 1999. The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) Language of the Murray Goulborn including Yabula Yabula. (Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 154.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
3. Bowe, Heather J.; Morey, Stephen (1999). The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) language of the Murray Goulburn: including Yabula Yabula (PDF). Pacific linguistics, Series C. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-85883-513-9. OCLC   40792250.