This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Lack of clarity on overlap and differences between Turrbal and Yagara.(February 2024) |
Turrbal | |
---|---|
Yagara | |
Region | Queensland |
Ethnicity | Turrbal |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | yxg |
Glottolog | yaga1256 Yagara-Jandai |
AIATSIS [1] | E86 Turubul, E23 Jagara |
ELP | Yagara |
Turrbal is an Aboriginal Australian language of the Turrbal people of the Brisbane area of Queensland.
Alternate spellings include Turubul, Turrubal, Turrabul, Toorbal, and Tarabul. [2] [3]
The four dialects listed in Dixon (2002) [4] are sometimes seen as separate Durubalic languages, especially Jandai and Nunukul; Yagara, Yugarabul, and Turrbul proper are more likely to be considered dialects. [1] [5] [6] Turrbal (E86) has been variously classified as a language, group of languages or as a dialect of another language. [1] F. J. Watson classifies Turrbal (E86) as a sub group of Yugarabul E66 , which is most likely the language Yagara E23. [7] Norman Tindale uses the term Turrbal (E86) to refers to speakers of the language of Yagara E23. [8] John Steele classifies Turrbal (E86) as a language within the Yagara language group. [9] R. M. W. Dixon classifies Turrbal as a dialect of the language of Yagera, in the technical linguistic sense where mutually intelligible dialects are deemed to belong to a single language. [10] Bowern considers Turrbal to be one of five languages of the "Turubulic" language group, the others being Nunukul, Yaraga, Janday and Guwar. [11]
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | |
Plosive | b | ɡ | ɟ | d |
Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n |
Rhotic | r | |||
Lateral | l | |||
Approximant | w | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
The Australian English word yakka, an informal term referring to any work, especially of strenuous kind, comes from the Yagara word yaga, the verb for 'work'. [14] [15]
The literary journal Meanjin takes its name from the Turrbal name for the land centred at Gardens Point on which Brisbane was founded. [16] This name is sometimes used for the greater Brisbane area. [17] [18]
Some words from the Turrbal / Yagara language include: [19] [20] [21] [22]
Brisbane is the capital of the state of Queensland and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of South East Queensland, which includes several other regional centres and cities. The central business district is situated within a peninsula of the Brisbane River about 15 km (9 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. Brisbane is located in the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges. It sprawls across several local government areas, most centrally the City of Brisbane. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.
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The Turrbal are an Aboriginal Australian people from the region of Brisbane, Queensland. The name primarily refers to the dialect they speak. The traditional homelands of the Turrbal stretch from the North Pine River, south to the Logan River, and inland as far as Moggill, a range which includes the city of Brisbane. Mianjin is also the Turrbal word for the central Brisbane area. There is debate over whether the Turrbal should be considered a subgroup of the Jagera people.
The Jagera people, also written Yagarr, Yaggera, Yuggera, and other variants, are the Australian First Nations people who speak the Yuggera language. The Yuggera language which encompasses a number of dialects was spoken by the traditional owners of the territories from Moreton Bay to the base of the Toowoomba ranges including the city of Brisbane. There is debate over whether the Turrbal people of the Brisbane area should be considered a subgroup of the Jagera or a separate people.
The Nyawaygi language, also spelt Nyawaygi, Nywaigi, Geugagi, Njawigi, Nyawigi or Nawagi, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken by the Nyawaygi people in North Queensland, on the east coast of Australia. The Nyawaygi language region includes the landscape within the Hinchinbrook Regional Council, Halifax Bay, and Rollingstone.
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Durubalic is a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages of Queensland.
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