Turrbal language

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Turrbal
Yagara
Native to Australia
Region Queensland
Ethnicity Turrbal
Language codes
ISO 639-3 yxg
Glottolog yaga1256   Yagara-Jandai
AIATSIS [1] E86  Turubul, E23  Jagara
ELP Yagara

Turrbal is an Aboriginal Australian language of the Turrbal people of the Brisbane area of Queensland.

Contents

Alternate spellings include Turubul, Turrubal, Turrabul, Toorbal, and Tarabul. [2] [3]

Classification

The four dialects listed in Dixon (2002) [4] are sometimes seen as separate Durubalic languages, especially Jandai and Nunukul; Yagara, Yugarabul, and Turrbul proper are more likely to be considered dialects. [1] [5] [6] Turrbal (E86) has been variously classified as a language, group of languages or as a dialect of another language. [1] F. J. Watson classifies Turrbal (E86) as a sub group of Yugarabul E66, which is most likely the language Yagara E23. [7] Norman Tindale uses the term Turrbal (E86) to refers to speakers of the language of Yagara E23. [8] John Steele classifies Turrbal (E86) as a language within the Yagara language group. [9] R. M. W. Dixon classifies Turrbal as a dialect of the language of Yagera, in the technical linguistic sense where mutually intelligible dialects are deemed to belong to a single language. [10] Bowern considers Turrbal to be one of five languages of the "Turubulic" language group, the others being Nunukul, Yaraga, Janday and Guwar. [11]

Phonology

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Palatal Alveolar
Plosive bɡɟd
Nasal mŋɲn
Rhotic r
Lateral l
Approximant wj

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close iu
Mid eo
Open a

Vocabulary

Some words from the Turrbal / Yagara language include: [15] [16] [17] [18]

The literary journal Meanjin takes its name from the Turrbal name for the land centred at Gardens Point on which Brisbane was founded. [19] This name is sometimes used for the greater Brisbane area. [20] [21]

Loanword yakka

The Australian English word yakka, an informal term referring to any work, especially of strenuous kind, comes from a Yagara word yaga, the verb for 'work'. [22] [23]

References

  1. 1 2 3 E86 Turubul at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies   (see the info box for additional links)
  2. ↑ "Turrbal Aboriginal Tribe - Traditional Owners of Brisbane". Turrbal. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  3. ↑ The Turrbal Association (an incorporated Turrbal association that offers cultural services) uses the spelling "Turrbal" in preference to other spellings.
  4. ↑ Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development . Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiv.
  5. ↑ "E23: Yuggera". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  6. ↑ "E66: Yugarabul". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  7. ↑ Watson, F.J. (1944). Vocabularies of four representative tribes of South Eastern Queensland : with grammatical notes thereof and some notes on manners and customs, also, a list of Aboriginal place names and their derivations. Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Queensland). Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  8. ↑ Tindale, Norman (1974). Aboriginal tribes of Australia : their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. University of California Press. ISBN   0520020057.
  9. ↑ Steele, John (1984). Aboriginal pathways : in southeast Queensland and the Richmond River. University of Queensland Press. ISBN   0702219436.
  10. ↑ Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian languages their nature and development. Cambridge University Press. pp. xxiv, xxxiv. ISBN   0521473780.
  11. ↑ Bowern, Claire, ed. (2013). The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages. Oxford. pp. lxxxiv. ISBN   9780198824978.
  12. ↑ Charlton, Kerry (2019). An introduction to the languages of Moreton Bay : Yagarabul and Its Djandewal dialect, and Moreton Islands Gowar.
  13. ↑ Jefferies, Tony (2011). Guwar, the language of Moreton Island, and its relationship to the Bandjalang and Yagara subgroups: a case for phylogenetic migratory expansion?. University of Queensland.
  14. ↑ Sullivan, Karen; Harward-Nalder, Glenda (2024). Yagara dictionary and salvage grammar. Canberra: ANU Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  15. ↑ CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Turrubul published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 14 June 2022.
  16. ↑ CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Jagara published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 14 June 2022.
  17. ↑ CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Yugarabul published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 14 June 2022.
  18. ↑ CC BY icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Yuggera published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence , accessed on 14 June 2022.
  19. ↑ "The Old Brisbane Blacks". The Brisbane Courier . Vol. LVIII, no. 13, 623. Queensland, Australia. 10 September 1901. p. 7. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023– via National Library of Australia.
  20. ↑ Khan, Jo; Graham-McLay, Charlotte (23 July 2023). "Naarm, Gadigal, Tāmaki Makaurau: Indigenous place names in the spotlight at Women's World Cup". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  21. ↑ "Meanjin: exploring the Traditional Place name of Brisbane". auspost.com.au. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  22. ↑ Macquarie Dictionary (19 August 2019). "Good, old-fashioned hard yakka". Macquarie Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023.
  23. ↑ "Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms". Australian National University. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

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