Gkuthaarn language

Gkuthaarn
Kuthant
Native to	Australia
Region	Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
Ethnicity	Gkuthaarn
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Paman Norman Gkuthaarn
Dialects	Garandi?
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xut
Glottolog	kuth1240
AIATSIS [1]	G31
ELP	Kuthant

Gkuthaarn, also rendered Kuthant, Kutanda and other variant spellings, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It also known as Karundi/Garandi (and variant spellings), but the Garandi language may be a separate dialect.

Norman Tindale also assigned the name Kareldi, but this is not confirmed by others. ^[2] Current sources refer to the Gkuthaarn people. ^{[3] [4]}

Alternative names

Tindale

• Kotanda, also spelt Kutanda, Goothanto ^[2]
• Karundi, also spelt Karunti, Kurandi, Ka-rantee, Karrandi, Karrandee, Gar-und-yih, thought to be derived from Karun-/Gooran, meaning scrublands people. ^[2]

However, according to Lauriston Sharp, Kotanda was also used for the now extinct Kalibamu, and Karandi/Garandi (AUSTLANG G32) was a different local group, ^[2] and AIATSIS agrees. ^[5]

Other variants

Other variant spellings included in AUSTLANG are: ^[2]

• Karaldi
• Gudanda
• Gudhanda
• Gudhand
• Guandhar

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Stop	p	t̪	t	( ʈ )	c	k
Nasal	m	n̪	n	ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Fricative						ɣ
Trill			r
Flap			ɾ	ɻ ~ ɽ
Approximant	w				j
Lateral			l	ɭ

[ʈ] is attested only in the sequence [ɳʈ] and in Kukatj loans.

Vowels

	Front		Central	Back
	Unrounded	Rounded
Non-low	i iː	ø øː	ɨ ɨː	u uː
Low			a aː

Kuthant has two diphthongs: /ia/ and /ua/.

Some words

According to W.E. Armit, inspector of Native Police, these were some words of the "Karrandee tribe": ^[6]

• irruag (tame dog)
• nyet (father)
• mooruk (mother)
• morbuy (white man)

References

1. G31 Gkuthaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2. G31 Ghutkaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3. "Gkuthaarn Kukatj Indigenous Land & Sea Ranger". Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation. September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
4. Barry, Derek (30 September 2020). "Native title win for Gkuthaarn and Kukatj people". The North West Star. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
5. G32 Garandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
6. Armit, W. E. (1886). "Mouth of the Norman" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 306–309.

Further reading

• Marcussen, Lisa (March 2015). "Selected Bibliography of the Kuthant / Gkuthaarnlanguage and people held in the AIATSIS Library" (PDF). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2015. (Also here.)