Kareldi

Last updated

The Kareldi was a name assigned by Norman Tindale to Aboriginal Australian peoples of the state of Queensland. There were two groups that went by this name, the Garandi (Karandi), after the Garandi language, and the Gkuthaarn (Kutanda, Kuthant, Kotanda), after the Gkuthaarn language. It is not clear if they constituted a single people, but it appears that there were two dialects in the same area. [1] [2]

Contents

In addition, Tindale said that "Kotanda", sometimes used for both the Gkuthaarn and Garandi languages but also applied to the Kalibamu people, was also sometimes used for the Kareldi people. [3]

Country

The Kareldi held, in Tindale's estimation, some 1,500 square miles (3,900 km2) of land, extending over the mouth of the Norman River and westwards from Normanton to the Flinders River. Their domain included Karumba and the Swinburne River. Their inland extension went as far as Milgarra, Maggieville, and Stirling. [4]

W.E. Armit, Inspector of Native Police, had earlier written in Curr's 1886 volume that the land of the "Karrandee tribe" commenced at the mouth of the River Bryce, passed the mouth of the Norman River, and continued along the coast to a saltwater creek "within 15 miles (24 km) of the Gilbert", and extended inland as far as Magowra Station and Walker's Creek, comprising around 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2). [5]

Frontier wars

When European settlers moved into the Gulf of Carpentaria region and established Normanton in the 1870s, there were an estimated seven Aboriginal peoples in the area, and the frontier wars blurred and confused the boundaries of traditional lands. By the 1920s, many Aboriginal people had been forcibly removed to Aboriginal reserves and missions. The Gkuthaarn and Kukatj people who remained lived in camps along the south-western side of the town, while others, such as the Kurtijar people, camped north of the Norman River. [6]

Native title

On 29 September 2020 the Kukatj and Gkuthaarn peoples won a native title determination over more than 16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi) west of the Norman River, including Normanton, as far as the Leichhardt River. Their recognition as traditional owners of the land, eight years after lodging the claim, allows the two groups to fish, hunt and practise their culture and their cultural ceremonies on pastoral land. [6] [7]

Alternative names

Language

It is not clear whether the Gkuthaarn (Kutanda) and Garandi (Karandi) were the same language, or different dialects.

Some words

According to W.E. Armit, inspector of Native Police in 1886, these were some words of the "Karrandee tribe": [5]

Indigenous rangers

The Gkuthaarn Kukatj Indigenous Land & Sea Ranger group is a group of Indigenous rangers made up of Kukatj and Gkuthaarn people, help to protect the natural resources and cultural heritage of the southern Gulf of Carpentaria region. The group is managed by the Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation (CLCAC). [8]

Notes

    Citations

    1. ↑ G31 Gkuthaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
    2. ↑ G32 Garandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
    3. ↑ G27 Kalibamu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
    4. 1 2 Tindale 1974, p. 174.
    5. 1 2 Armit 1886, p. 308.
    6. 1 2 Barry, Derek (30 September 2020). "Native title win for Gkuthaarn and Kukatj people". The North West Star. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
    7. ↑ "Native Title Determination Details: QCD2020/002 - Gkuthaarn and Kukatj People". National Native Title Tribunal . 7 October 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
    8. ↑ "Gkuthaarn Kukatj Indigenous Land & Sea Ranger". Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.

    Sources

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangulu</span>

    The Gangulu people, also written Kangulu, Kaangooloo, Ghungalu and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people from the Mount Morgan area in Queensland, Australia.

    Gkuthaarn, also rendered Kuthant, Kutanda and other variant spellings, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It also known as Karundi/Garandi, but the Garandi language may be a separate dialect.

    The Tulua people were an Aboriginal Australian people of Queensland, in the southern to central region from the coast to the ranges. The Dappil and Tulua people possibly spoke the same language.

    The Kuyani people, also written Guyani and other variants, and also known as the Nganitjidi, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of South Australia who speak the Kuyani language. Their traditional lands are to the west of the Flinders Ranges.

    The Bidjara people, also spelt Bitjara or Bithara, are an Aboriginal Australian people of south-western Queensland. They spoke a dialect of the Ngura language. They are not to be confused with the Warrego River Pitjara or the Badjiri of the Paroo River, both of whose traditional lands are further to the east of the state.

    The Walangama were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Maikulan were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. They have sometimes been confused with the Maithakari.

    The Maikathari (Mayi-Thakurti) were an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Kalibamu, also known as the Kotanda, were an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Marrago were an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of the Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. They may have been a subgroup of the Mayi-Kutuna.

    The Yilba, also written Ilba and Jilba, are or were an Aboriginal Australian people of the present-day state of Queensland.

    The Yangga, also spelt Jangga, were an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. They are not to be confused with the Yanga people.

    The Yagalingu are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. Their language may have been a dialect of Bidjara.

    The Yangkaal, also spelt Yanggal, are an Aboriginal Australian people of area of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the state of Queensland.

    The Yukulta people, also spelt Jokula, Jukula, and other variants, and also known as Ganggalidda or Gangalidda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Mingin, also known as the Mingginda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland, who lived in the Gulf Country east of Moonlight Creek and the Yukulta / Ganggalidda people in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria.

    The Bindal are an Indigenous Australian people of the state of North Queensland.

    The Yalarnnga, also known as the Jalanga, are an Indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Juru people also known as the ‘Yuru’ people are the proud Aboriginal people of the state of Queensland

    The Kukatj are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula in the state of Queensland. They are to be distinguished from the Kukatja of Western Australia and the Luritja of the Northern Territory, who have also historically been known as Kukatja.

    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.