| Guamo | |
|---|---|
| Guamotey | |
| Native to | southern Venezuela |
| Region | Apure, Barinas, Guárico, and Portuguesa |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
Guamo–Chapakuran?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
qax San José dialect | |
qao Santa Rosa dialect | |
| Glottolog | guam1236 |
 | |
Guamo (a.k.a.Wamo or Guamotey) is an extinct language of Venezuela. Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing.
Varieties that may have been dialects or closely related languages: [1]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Santa Rosa and San José dialects of Guamo. [1]
| gloss | Santa Rosa | San José |
|---|---|---|
| one | tagstar | tagstame |
| two | kete | dikiampa |
| three | kurumktin | kakute |
| head | putí | puté |
| eye | tuxua | tuagin |
| tooth | aufé | ufé |
| man | daixu | dauirko |
| water | kum | kum |
| fire | kuxul | |
| sun | tign | matatin |
| jaguar | dion | dion |
| house | danga | danxa |
Guama is primarily attested in a word list from 1778. The list has been reproduced below, with the original Spanish orthography maintained for the Guama forms. [2]
| Spanish gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Guama (original orthography) |
|---|---|---|
| Dios | God | Aipit matá |
| padre | father | jauai |
| madre | mother | famú, jamo |
| hijo | son | clujuapi, tufé |
| hija | daughter | tuapi, tua |
| hermano | brother | dipiâ, dipe |
| hermana | sister | tipi, dipe |
| marido | husband | diquimi |
| mujer | woman | diquime, ticauca |
| doncella | young woman | ascu murestapane |
| mozo | young man | daicoraquâ, guaté |
| niño | child | chufi, choafi |
| hombre | man | daiju, dauirco |
| gente | people | aucherme, caserme |
| cabeza | head | putí, puté |
| cara | face | cutí, taquajo fin |
| nariz | nose | fin |
| narices | noses | auji fin |
| ojo | eye | tujua, tuaguin |
| cejas | eyebrows | chafuti, ascaro tuagun |
| pestañas | eyelashes | matatújua, dicho |
| oreja | ear | dupen |
| frente | forehead | tintecuti, titicunté |
| cabellos | hair | scará, ascaro |
| mejillas | cheeks | faquibtari |
| boca | mouth | matá |
| garganta | throat | pichê, dischufa |
| labios | lips | dufpâ, matá |
| dientes | teeth | aufê, ufé |
| lengua | tongue | dituâ |
| barba | beard | dischemata, dichimatá |
| cuello | neck | dischufa |
| hombro | shoulder | matachêa, ochepe |
| codo | elbow | dupeju, dicho |
| mano | hand | catâne |
| brazo | arm | chê, ochepe |
| dedos | fingers | diji, dujum |
| uñas | fingernails | casquiri, cascurum |
| pecho | chest | cupa |
| vientre | belly | dueju, cataju |
| espalda | back | matatiputi, gi |
| pie | foot | catafa |
| rodilla | knee | aquapec |
| corazón | heart | afquinantafa, tife |
| estómago | stomach | catafu |
| sangre | blood | jue, ducú |
| leche | milk | temontepaca, terau |
| piel | skin | dacaju, cauté |
| carne | meat | testu |
| hueso | bone | ditancu |
| oído | ear | quiepen, dupen |
| vista | sight | jateique, paiquac |
| ver | see | jasii, dicho |
| gusto | taste (sense of) | muquati, guacatá |
| olfato | smell (sense of) | suquagtiri, astiri |
| oler | smell (verb) | astiri, dicho |
| tacto | touch | shape |
| voz | voice | cadse, chefé |
| hablar | speak | texê |
| palabra | word | cuscaisi, mitejé |
| nombrar | to name | suquampeiste |
| gritar | shout | ducare, guacare |
| grito | scream | guacare |
| ruido | noise | esquiêjua, esquianju |
| aullido | howl | aitê, aucatacut |
| llorar | cry | ducatit, aitê |
| reír | laugh | michista, mutista |
| cantar | sing | chejê, tefé |
| estornudar | sneeze | sam, fam |
| temblar | tremble | najasta |
| suspirar | sigh | squanarcadjo |
| bostezar | yawn | chuataqua, suataco |
| silbar | whistle | tucquê, fue |
| echarse | lie (down) | asconjua |
| para (tú) | stop, stand (you) | fitinfin |
| ir | go | quantia, jera |
| ve (tú) | go (you) | jate |
| vete | go away | jeraui |
| dormir | sleep | cutum, ascutin |
| sueño | dream | cadpe, dicho |
| saltar | jump | scotara, auscharar |
| tener | have, possess | quimina, chape ascaya |
| correr | run | eirura, airura |
| bailar | to dance | charâ, chife catafá |
| mamar | suck | mon, ture nume |
| amor | love | muquali, pulgui pasca |
| tristeza | sadness | jarcadjo, quiapen sarui |
| dolor | pain | parqui, parguin |
| trabajo | work | turicha, fari |
| perezoso | lazy | sariqui, farui figuian |
| yo | I | napi, ascaté |
| tu | you (sg.) | najâ, ascai |
| aquel | that, it | dichêra, fillaji |
| nosotros | we | napüe, ascá causerme |
| vosotros | you (pl.) | napu |
| aquellos | those | dicatiarque |
| yo soy | I am | scate, napijaí |
| tú eres | you (sg.) are | jillague ystacut |
| él es | he is | nani, tiquiante |
| nosotros somos | we are | scate, napilla |
| vosotros sois | you (pl.) are | jiguian caser |
| aquellos son | those are | napáre yerque |
| fue | it was | daqua, dan |
| comer | eat | eiquia, tuan |
| yo como | I eat | eiquiari, diquia |
| tú comes | you eat | puiquiare, diguiacta |
| aquel come | it eats | sieradaturi |
| beber | drink | mirco, dicú |
| tomar | take, eat | llaju chape |
| sacudir (golpear) | shake, hit | pacta, aspantaca |
| llover | to rain | coioradauscha, dauscha |
| echar | throw | jareram, pataca |
| desgarrar | tear | escarsi, damafin miti |
| da (tú) | give (you) | da ticú |
| cortar | cut | cotia |
| ocultar | to hide | tetena, titascú |
| fuerza | strength | quiestaquiqui, cuvi |
| parir | give birth | chersta, ascheracta |
| familia | family | aucharme, aujui |
| matrimonio | marriage | spanso, dispansu |
| viuda | widow | arecu, ujiruri |
| vivir | live | jurin |
| vida | life | ascujirura |
| estatura | height | pumafi |
| alma | soul | catapiu |
| morir | die | tugri, jurirá |
| muerte | death | jurirá |
| viejo | old | vise, daurisi |
| joven | young | chusi, augua |
| dar | give | dá |
| grande | big | daijó |
| pequeño | small | guasta |
| alto | high | ascotin, pumafi |
| bajo | low | quiesascon, chijumata |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| caliente | hot | cayua |
| sano | healthy | pulgui |
| bueno | good | purqui |
| malvado | evil | chafafiguia |
| capaz | able | murestafiguian |
| agudo | sharp | gomata |
| redondo | round | cheta |
| ligero | light (of weight) | aunquitera |
| pesado | heavy | quiestaman, maquiestaquê, cuerá |
| fuerte | strong | parguin |
| delgado | thin | quiestaquasta, gastaui |
| grueso | thick | quiestapi, aspije |
| ancho | width | piegta |
| presto | fast | squatira, ascate ará |
| blanco | white | cajirian, custára |
| negro | black | disiacú, disau |
| encarnado | red (deep) | aisio, daisui |
| verde | green | aufui, cupe |
| azul | blue | daupe |
| sol | sun | tign, matatin |
| luna | moon | pactes |
| estrella | star | tac |
| cielo | sky | tign, ducunti |
| niebla | fog | suapicia, faralla |
| nube | cloud | dauscha, sauxe dacuchanan |
| arco iris | rainbow | cascóron |
| rayo | lightning | paruaraucha |
| aire | air | tacsco |
| viento | wind | tascú, dicho |
| huracán | hurricane | tascú |
| vapor | steam, vapor | caguatansi |
| rocío | dew | taguetascanjua |
| trueno | thunder | daucha, paro adaucha |
| relámpago | lightning | aysi ura tigua |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| helada | frost | dicho |
| hielo | ice | dicho |
| fuego | fire | cujue |
| lumbre | firelight | tia |
| sombra | shadow | chuanta |
| sombrío | shady | chontá, dicho |
| día | day | garu, jaro |
| noche | night | chona, chiuna |
| mañana | morning | sajaru, fajaro |
| tarde | afternoon | chuna |
| verano | summer | dacá |
| hibierno | winter | daucha |
| semana | week | misa |
| año | year | nujua |
| tiempo | time | nujua |
| tierra | earth | taumchê, tansie |
| agua | water | cum |
| mar | sea | duque, ricum |
| río | river | duque, duaguix |
| lago | lake | jum |
| olas | waves | dichotá, dischuta |
| islas | islands | cutiduque, matafi |
| arena | sand | agspi, ispú |
| polvo | powder | ducug, ducumtanesi |
| cieno | silt | farotansi |
| montaña | mountain | discu, piriscu |
| profundidad | depth | pefu |
| altura | height | coti |
| anchura | width | pix |
| agujero | hole | si, fitintansi |
| cueva | cave | sin |
| piedra | stone | canjiú, dacanjue |
| plata | silver | tugti, tiné |
| cobre | copper | taupé |
| hierro | iron | chaparari, chutatueno |
| estaño | tin | catarafú |
| plomo | lead | dicho |
| sal | salt | tig |
| cal | lime | teutate canjui |
| veneno | poison | discú, taxtú |
| yerba | grass | scanjua, ascanjue |
| árbol | tree | disycu, discu |
| leña | firewood | discuy, matariscu |
| palo (raíz) | stick (root) | discú, dicha cataruscu |
| tronco | trunk | pichericu |
| corteza | bark | cajuriscú |
| rama | branch | aspejan |
| hoja | leaf | estejan, tercundiscun |
| flor | flower | quamastastajan |
| fruta | fruit | jejan, chara |
| semilla | seed | simijan, chifitaum |
| cebolla | onion | dauscu, chapachin |
| campo | field | maq, pixmatá |
| sembrar | to plant, sow | tajon, taum |
| pescado | fish | dacuay, dupaque |
| cangrejo | crab | chause |
| serpiente | snake | chuen |
| rana | frog | jupi, pupi |
| gusano | worm | duestu, duxtú |
| mosca | fly (insect) | timi |
| mosquito | mosquito | dacoiomta, turive |
| hormiga | ant | tuse, dacantu |
| araña | spider | caipa, callaapa |
| abeja | bee | pane |
| miel | honey | pane, cuncatapane |
| buey | ox | guei, pacá |
| vaca | cow | paca, dicho |
| ternera | veal | tuajan, tuate paca |
| cuerno | horn | aucaju, guacao |
| caballo | horse | cama |
| asno | donkey | mura |
| cerdo | pork | puiti |
| perro | dog | gaurig, jaure |
| gato | cat | michi |
| león | lion | asturi dacamtue, dion |
| oso | bear | jarcuri |
| lobo | wolf | catapenx |
| zorra | fox | dacob, ducu |
| liebre | hare | catapeux |
| ratón | rat | sá, fá |
| gallina | hen | quacarpa, carpa |
| gallo | rooster | quacarpa, dauircucarpa |
| pato | duck | pes, aspejú |
| pichón | dove | cuipu, taguantá capú |
| águila | eagle | taquipe ausqueri |
| pájaro | bird | camquie, camuguir |
| golondrina | swallow | tacatirjue |
| pluma | feather | quiastaján |
| huevo | egg | tinue |
| nido | nest | tajú, tajuer |
| pastor | shepherd | acagta, axfanta paca |
| casa | house | danga, danxa |
| choza | hut | taquatan daxjá |
| tienda | shop | matafué |
| puerta | door | matafué, mataranja |
| ciudad | city | dino, chufae |
| medida | measurement | spetajan |
| escribir | write | chuanejo, dichuane catani |
| cuchillo | knife | choy, chu |
| mesa | table | mesa |
| banco | bank | scanajuc, chiscú |
| navío | ship | cao |
| vestido | dress (clothing) | spaqui |
| media | socks | scanaquisi, ascanoguafi |
| zapato | shoe | chicatasi, ascanomatafi |
| gorro | hat | ascanotefi |
| faja | belt | squiesco |
| seda | silk | amdari |
| algodón | cotton | tamdari, andare |
| comida | food | datuam |
| crudo | raw | daisio |
| cocer | to cook | quinejua, esquino |
| vino | wine | cumg catatesaqua |
| manteca | butter | augstari, ustari |
| pan | bread | pan |
| dinero | money | daugquin, tif |
| ladrón | thief | gitascu, titascu |
| guardia | guard | dajacasta |
| guerra | war | duematú |
| soldado | soldier | dapacaute, fundá |
| lanza | spear | taumtariscu, jujon |
| señor | sir | guei, guai |
| rey | king | rei |
| si | yes | aja, cumista |
| no | no | ugi, guasi |
| cerca | near | tista, ascocam, tistá |
| lejos | far | gitára, titate |
| aquí | here | nam |
| allá | there | tigua, ticoa |
| hoy | today | garucan |
| como | how | mi cugte |
| qué | what | micú |
| quien | who | virgquian |
| con quien | with whom | dapurasquaña |
| bajo | low | danjuana, pefu |
| número | number | quete |
| uno | one | tagstar, tagstame |
| dos | two | quete, diquiampa |
| tres | three | curumqutin, cacute |
| cuatro | four | sidasquin, fixguante |
| cinco | five | tamanane |
| mil | thousand | taugui |
| mañana | tomorrow | sagarû |
| ayer | yesterday | garusue |
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Arawan is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil and Peru (Ucayali).
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Wamo–Chapakúra is a proposed connection between the largely extinct Chapacuran language family and the otherwise unclassified language Wamo. Kaufman (1990) finds the connection convincing.
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Betoi (Betoy) or Betoi-Jirara is an extinct language of Colombia and Venezuela, south of the Apure River near the modern border with Colombia. The names Betoi and Jirara are those of two of its peoples/dialects; the language proper has no known name. At contact, Betoi was a local lingua franca spoken between the Uribante and Sarare rivers and along the Arauca. Enough was recorded for a brief grammatical monograph to be written.
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