Grevillea striata

Last updated

Beefwood
Grevillea striata tree.jpg
Grevillea striata in coastal Central Queensland
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. striata
Binomial name
Grevillea striata
Grevillea striata AVH records-2022-07-20.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Grevillea lineataR.Br.
    • Grevillea striata var. lineata(R.Br.) Domin
    • Grevillea striataR.Br. var. striata
    • Grevillea striata var. typica Domin nom. inval.
Leaves Grevillea striata leaves.jpg
Leaves
Bark Grevillea striata bark.jpg
Bark

Grevillea striata, commonly known as beefwood or silver honeysuckle, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to continental Australia. It is a shrub or tree with linear leaves and white to cream-colured or pale yellow flowers. Other common names for this species include western beefwood, beef oak and beef silky oak. [3]

Contents

Description

Grevillea striata is an erect, spindly shrub or robust tree with dark, fissured bark, that typically grows to a height of 3–15 m (9.8–49.2 ft), the trunk up to 60 cm (24 in) in diameter. Its leaves are linear or strap-like and often wavy, 100–450 mm (3.9–17.7 in) long and 2–15 mm (0.079–0.591 in) wide. The lower surface of the leaves has 5 to 13 prominent striations. The flowers are arranged in clusters with up to 12 branches, each branch cylindrical and 50–140 mm (2.0–5.5 in) long. The flowers are white to cream-colured or pale yellow, the pistil 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long. Flowering mainly occurs from August to December, and the fruit is an almost smooth, oblong to oval follicle 13–21 mm (0.51–0.83 in) long. [2] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy and naming

Grevillea striata was first formally described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , from specimens collected near the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. [8] [9] The specific epithet (striata) means "striate", referring to the veins on the lower surface of the leaves. [4] [10]

This species is known as beefwood due to the intense red colour of its heartwood. [11]

Distribution and habitat

Beefwood grows in woodland, shrubland and spinifex communities in a range of soil types. It occurs in all mainland states except Victoria. [2] [3] [5] [6] [7] [12]

Some specimens are long-lived. A tree still stands bearing an inscription in memory of James Poole, a member of Charles Sturt's expedition in 1845, although the tree must have been mature at the time of carving. Poole, having died of scurvy, was buried near a beefwood tree at Preservation Creek near Milparinka, and an inscription "JP 1845" was carved into the tree. [4] [13] [14]

Uses

Indigenous uses

Aboriginal people used resin from the tree to stick flints to their cutting tools. They also reportedly used charcoal from the tree to treat wounds and promote healing. [4] [7]

Building material

Due to its durability and the fact that it splits readily, the timber was used by early settlers for fence posts, shingles and flooring. [11] The wood of this species is extremely dense, with a air-dry density of 965 kg/m3 (1,627 lb/cu yd) and a green density of 1,230 kg/m3 (2,070 lb/cu yd) [15] : 2 

Related Research Articles

<i>Grevillea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Grevillea, commonly known as spider flowers, is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus Grevillea are shrubs, rarely trees, with the leaves arranged alternately along the branches, the flowers zygomorphic, arranged in racemes at the ends of branchlets, and the fruit a follicle that splits down one side only, releasing one or two seeds.

<i>Grevillea triloba</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea triloba is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to near Geraldton in Western Australia. It is a diffuse or spreading shrub, usually with divided leaves with 3 spreading, linear lobes, and clusters of white flowers.

<i>Grevillea thyrsoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea thyrsoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a small, spreading or low-lying shrub, with pinnatisect to comb-like leaves, the end lobes linear, and clusters of hairy pinkish-red flowers.

<i>Grevillea leucopteris</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea leucopteris, also known as old socks or white plume grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading, bushy shrub with divided leaves with erect, linear lobes and clusters of white to cream-colured flowers displayed above the foliage.

<i>Grevillea concinna</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea concinna, commonly known as red combs or elegant grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with mostly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves sometimes with a sharp point on the tip. Flower colour varies with subspecies.

<i>Grevillea phylicoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea phylicoides, commonly known as grey spider flower is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is a shrub with more or less elliptic to oblong or lance-shaped leaves and woolly-hairy grey flowers.

<i>Persoonia elliptica</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia elliptica, commonly known as snottygobble or spreading snottygobble, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub or small tree with egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaves and groups of cylindrical yellow flowers. It usually grows in woodland or forest dominated by jarrah or marri within 50 km (30 mi) of the coast.

<i>Grevillea aspera</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to central Australia

Grevillea aspera, commonly known as the rough grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia, occurring mainly in South Australia. It is low, spreading to erect shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and pinkish to red and cream-coloured, green, yellow or white flowers.

<i>Grevillea pulchella</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea pulchella, commonly known as beautiful grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub usually with pinnatisect leaves, and cylindrical clusters of white to cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea refracta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to northern Australia

Grevillea refracta, commonly known as silver-leaf grevillea, is a species of plant in the protea family and is native to northern Australia. It is a tree or shrub usually with pinnatipartite leaves and red and yellow flowers arranged on a branched, downcurved raceme.

<i>Grevillea mimosoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to north and central Australia

Grevillea mimosoides, commonly known as caustic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with curved, narrowly elliptic or egg-shaped leaves and greenish-white to cream-coloured or pale yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea dryandri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Grevillea dryandri is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with divided leaves with up to seventy or more linear to narrowly elliptic leaves, and long clusters of red, orange-red, pink or white flowers.

<i>Grevillea decora</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Queensland, Australia

Grevillea decora is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is an erect shrub or small tree with a single main stem, oblong, oval or egg-shaped leaves, and groups of pinkish red or pink flowers.

<i>Grevillea extorris</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea extorris is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with linear or narrowly oblong leaves and clusters of pink to red or yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea pauciflora</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea pauciflora, commonly known as the few-flowered grevillea, or as Port Lincoln grevillea in South Australia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south of continental Australia. It is an erect to straggly or spreading shrub with linear to narrowly wedge-shaped leaves and red or orange flowers with a red or orange style.

<i>Grevillea trachytheca</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea trachytheca, commonly known as rough-fruit grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with hairy branchlets, mostly broadly linear leaves, and white to cream-coloured and yellow flowers with a white style.

<i>Grevillea trifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea trifida is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a spiny, erect to low spreading shrub, usually with divided, variably-shaped leaves, and clusters of white to cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea velutinella</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea velutinella is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Western Australia. It is a shrub with broadly egg-shaped leaves in outline, sometimes with 2 to 7 teeth, and down-turned, often branched clusters of yellowish-green to lemon or cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea goodii</i> Species of plant in the Proteaceae family

Grevillea goodii, also known as Good's grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Northern Territory. It is a prostrate shrub with egg-shaped to narrowly elliptic leaves and clusters of light green flowers with a pink to red style.

Grevillea rubicunda is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Northern Territory in Australia. It is an erect, spreading shrub with divided leaves with 15 to 25 lobes lobes, and white flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Grevillea striata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 "Grevillea strita". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Grevillea striata". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray A. (1991). Banksias, waratahs & grevilleas : and all other plants in the Australian Proteaceae family. North Ryde, NSW, Australia: Angus & Robertson. pp. 336–337. ISBN   0207172773.
  5. 1 2 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea striata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Grevillea striata". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 "Grevillea striata". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "Grevillea striata". APNI. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  9. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 177. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  10. ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 315. ISBN   9780958034180.
  11. 1 2 Wiltshire, D.; Schmidt, M. (2003). Field guide to the common plants of the Cooper Basin (PDF). Santos. ISBN   1875568042. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  12. ↑ "Grevillea striata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. ↑ Moore P. (2005). Plants of Inland Australia. Reed New Holland. ISBN   187633486X.
  14. ↑ "James Poole". Monument Australia. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "Species Information" (PDF). Forest Products Commission. Government of Western Australia . Retrieved 8 January 2023.
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