November 2015 Paris attacks

Last updated

November 2015 Paris attacks
Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe and the spillover of the Syrian Civil War
13 November 2015 Paris attacks - montage.jpg
Public memorials for the victims, and police near the scenes of some of the attacks
Parisattacks.png
Locations of the attacks—stars denote suicide bombings
LocationParis and Saint-Denis, France
Date21:16,13 November 2015 (2015-11-13T21:16) –
00:58,14 November 2015 (2015-11-14T00:58)  (CET)
Target
  1. Near Stade de France [C 1]
  2. Rues Bichat and Alibert (Le Petit Cambodge; Le Carillon) [C 2]
  3. Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi (Café Bonne Bière; La Casa Nostra) [C 3]
  4. The Bataclan theatre [C 4]
  5. Rue de Charonne (La Belle Équipe) [C 5]
  6. Boulevard Voltaire (Comptoir Voltaire) [C 6]
Attack type
 Mass shooting, mass murder, suicide bombing, hostage taking
Weapons4 Zastava M70 assault rifles, [1] [2] TATP suicide belts, butcher knives (unused), 1 Bulgarian AKKS-47 rifle, 1 Chinese Norinco Type 56-1 [3]
Deaths138 (including 7 attackers) [4] [5] [6]
InjuredAt least 416 [7] [8] [9]
VictimsCivilians
Perpetrators Islamic State flag.svg Islamic State (Brussels cell)
No. of participants
10 (including Salah Abdeslam)
Motive Islamic extremism, [10] [11] retaliation against French airstrikes on ISIL [12] [13]

A series of coordinated Islamist terrorist attacks [14] [15] took place on Friday, 13 November 2015 [16] [17] in Paris, France, and the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis. Beginning at 21:16, three suicide bombers struck outside the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, during an international football match, after failing to gain entry to the stadium. Another group of attackers then fired on crowded cafés and restaurants in Paris, with one of them also detonating an explosive, killing himself in the process. A third group carried out another mass shooting and took hostages at an Eagles of Death Metal concert attended by 1,500 people in the Bataclan theatre, leading to a stand-off with police. The attackers were either shot or detonated suicide vests when police raided the theatre. [18]

Contents

The attackers killed 130 people, [4] including 90 at the Bataclan theatre. [19] [20] [21] Another 416 people were injured, [7] [22] almost 100 critically. [8] [9] Seven of the attackers were also killed. [6] The attacks were the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings of 2004. [23] The attacks came one day after similar attacks in Beirut, Lebanon. France had been on high alert since the January 2015 attacks on Charlie Hebdo offices and a Jewish supermarket in Paris that killed 17 people. [24]

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks (as they had done with the Beirut attacks a day prior), [10] [11] saying that it was retaliation for French airstrikes on Islamic State targets in Syria and Iraq. [12] [13] The president of France, François Hollande, said the attacks were an act of war by the Islamic State. [25] [26] [27] The attacks were planned in Syria and organised by a terrorist cell based in Belgium. [28] Two of the Paris attackers were Iraqis, but most were born in France or Belgium, [29] [30] and had fought in Syria. [31] Some of the attackers had returned to Europe among the flow of migrants and refugees from Syria. [32] [33]

In response to the attacks, a three-month state of emergency was declared across the country to help fight terrorism, which involved the banning of public demonstrations, and allowing the police to carry out searches without a warrant, put anyone under house arrest without trial, and block websites that encouraged acts of terrorism. [34] On 15 November, France launched the biggest airstrike of Opération Chammal, its part in the bombing campaign against Islamic State. [35] The authorities searched for surviving attackers and accomplices. On 18 November, the suspected lead operative of the attacks, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was killed in a police raid in Saint-Denis, along with two others. [36]

Background

France had been on high alert for terrorism since the Charlie Hebdo shooting and a series of related attacks in January by militants belonging to Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, [24] and had increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris at the beginning of December, as well as reinstating border checks a week before the attacks. [24]

Throughout 2015, France witnessed smaller attacks: the February stabbing of three soldiers guarding a Jewish community centre in Nice, [37] the June attempt to blow up a factory in Saint-Quentin Fallavier, [38] and the August shooting and stabbing attack on a passenger train. [39]

The Bataclan theatre had been threatened a number of times because of its support for Jewish organizations and Israel. [40] Two Jewish brothers, Pascal and Joël Laloux, [41] [42] owned the Bataclan for more than 40 years before selling it in September 2015. [43] In 2011, a group calling itself Army of Islam told French security services they had planned an attack on the Bataclan because its owners were Jewish. [40] [44] [45] [46]

In the weeks leading up to the Paris attacks, ISIL and its branches had claimed responsibility for several other attacks: the downing of Metrojet Flight 9268 on 31 October [47] [48] and the suicide bombings in Beirut on 12 November. [49] [50]

Intelligence agencies in Turkey and Iraq had reportedly warned of an imminent attack on France months beforehand, but said they never heard back from the French authorities until after the attacks. [51] [52] [53] According to The Irish Times , a senior French security official said they receive this kind of correspondence "every day". [51]

This was one of two terrorist cells sent to Europe by the Islamic State in 2015, the other cell consisting of three Syrians was apprehended by German special police in Schleswig-Holstein in mid September 2016. [54]

Attacks

Timeline of attacks

13 November:

  • 21:16 [note 1]  – First suicide bombing near the Stade de France. [18]
  • 21:19 [note 1]  – Second suicide bombing near the Stade de France. [18]
  • 21:25 – Shooting at the rue Bichat. [18]
  • 21:32 – Shooting at the rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi. [18]
  • 21:36 – Shooting at the rue de Charonne. [18]
  • 21:40 – Suicide bombing on boulevard Voltaire. [18]
  • 21:40 – Three men enter the Bataclan theatre and begin shooting. [18]
  • 21:53 – Third suicide bombing near the Stade de France. [18]
  • 22:00 – Hostages are taken at the Bataclan. [55]

14 November:

  • 00:20 – Security forces enter the Bataclan. [18]
  • 00:58 – French police end the siege on the Bataclan. [55]
All times are CET (UTC+1).

Three groups of men [28] [56] launched six distinct attacks: [57] three suicide bombings in one attack, a fourth suicide bombing in another attack, and shootings at four locations. [58] [59] The shootings were in the vicinity of the rue Alibert , the rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, the rue de Charonne, the Bataclan theatre, and avenue de la République. [60] [61] Three explosions occurred near the Stade de France, another on boulevard Voltaire , and two of the Bataclan shooters also detonated their suicide vests as police ended the standoff. [62] According to the Paris prosecutor, the attackers wore suicide vests that used acetone peroxide as an explosive. [63] French police reports on cellphones recovered from crime scenes showed that the attacks were being coordinated in real time from Brussels, Belgium, the location of origin of the terrorist cell that the Paris attackers were members of. [64]

Stade de France bombings

President Francois Hollande (pictured in 2013) was at the Stade de France during the attacks V.Dombrovskis tiekas ar Francijas prezidentu (8662380787).jpg
President François Hollande (pictured in 2013) was at the Stade de France during the attacks

Three explosions occurred near the country's national sports stadium, the Stade de France, in the suburb of Saint-Denis, resulting in four deaths, including the three suicide bombers. [65] The explosions happened at 21:16, 21:19, [note 1] and 21:53. [66] At the time, the stadium was hosting an international friendly football match between France and Germany, which President Hollande was attending. [67] [68] The suicide bombers arrived slightly late for the game, and eyewitness reports indicated they did not have tickets, resulting in them being turned away by security guards several times. [64]

The first explosion near the stadium occurred about 20 minutes after the start of the game. [67] [68] The first bomber was prevented from entering the stadium after a security guard patted him down and found the explosive vest. [69] A few seconds after being turned away, he detonated the vest outside the security gate, killing himself and a bystander. [64] [70] Investigators later surmised that the first bomber had planned to detonate his vest within the stadium, triggering the crowd's panicked exit onto the streets where the two other bombers were lying in wait. [71] Three minutes after the first bombing, the second bomber blew himself up outside another security gate. [note 1] [64] Another 23 minutes after that, the third bomber's vest detonated near the stadium. According to some reports, the location of the third explosion was at a McDonald's restaurant, where over 50 people were injured, seven seriously; [64] [69] [72] others state the bomb detonated some distance away from any discernible target. [73]

Hollande was evacuated from the stadium at half-time, while the German foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, remained at the stadium. [74] [75] Hollande met with his interior minister Bernard Cazeneuve to co-ordinate a response to the emergency. [76] Two of the explosions were heard on the live televised broadcast of the match; [note 1] both football coaches were informed by French officials of a developing crisis, but players and fans were kept unaware of it until the game had finished. [77] Hollande, concerned that the safety of the crowd outside the stadium could not be assured if the match was immediately cancelled, decided that the game should continue without a public announcement. [71]

Following the game, fans were brought onto the pitch to await evacuation as police monitored all the exits around the venue. Security sources said all three explosions were suicide bombings. [24] The Germany national football team was advised not to return to their hotel, where there had been a bomb threat earlier in the day, and they spent the night in the stadium on mattresses, along with the France team, who stayed with them in a display of comradeship. [78]

Restaurant shootings and bombing

The first shootings occurred around 21:25 on the rue Bichat and the rue Alibert , near the Canal Saint-Martin in the 10th arrondissement. The three Belgian-Moroccan attackers, including ringleader Abdelhamid Abaaoud, Brahim Abdeslam and Chakib Akrouh emerged from a rental SEAT León before killing the driver of a car in front of them and then proceeding to shoot at people outside Le Carillon, a café and bar. Next, they crossed the rue Bichat and shot people inside the restaurant Le Petit Cambodge. According to French police, an eyewitness said one of the gunmen shouted "Allahu Akbar". [64] [74] [79] A total of thirteen people were killed [80] at these locations, and ten others were critically injured. [81] Afterwards, the assailants fled in the SEAT León. [64] Doctors and nurses from the nearby Hôpital Saint-Louis were in Le Carillon when the attacks happened and supplied emergency assistance to the wounded. [82]

At 21:32, the attackers arrived outside Café Bonne Bière, [66] located close to the terrace of the Italian restaurant La Casa Nostra, on the rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi. [74] There, they shouted "Allahu Akbar" again and opened fire on revelers. [64] The Paris prosecutor said five people were killed, and eight others were injured. [74] An eyewitness reported seeing a gunman firing short bursts. [83] The assailants then fled again in the SEAT León. [64]

At 21:36, the assailants arrived at the restaurant La Belle Équipe on the rue de Charonne in the 11th arrondissement. They fired for several minutes at the outdoor terrace, before returning to the SEAT León and driving away. [64] [67] [84] Twenty-one people were killed, [85] and seven others were left in critical condition. [84] Many of the deceased victims at the targeted restaurants and cafés had been sitting on the outdoor terraces when they were shot. [64]

At 21:40, Brahim Abdeslam was dropped off at the boulevard Voltaire in the 11th arrondissement, near the place de la Nation . [24] [64] He sat down at the interior terrace of the Comptoir Voltaire café, wearing a hooded jacket over several layers of clothing. After placing an order, he smiled at patrons and apologised for interrupting their dinner. Finally, he detonated his explosive vest, killing himself and injuring fifteen people, one of them seriously. [64] [84] [86]

Bataclan theatre massacre

The Bataclan theatre in 2009 Bataclan theater, Paris 3 April 2009.jpg
The Bataclan theatre in 2009

Beginning at around 21:50, a mass shooting and hostage-taking occurred at the Bataclan theatre on the boulevard Voltaire in the 11th arrondissement. The American rock band Eagles of Death Metal was playing to an audience of about 1,500 people. [87]

Three dark-clad gunmen armed with three different types of assault rifles (Zastava M70, Norinco Type 56-1, and an AKKS-47 rifle) [24] [88] [89] had been waiting in a black rental car near the venue for more than an hour. [64] [87] The terrorists were three French natives of Algerian descent: Foued Mohamed-Aggad, age 23; Ismaël Omar Mostefaï, age 29; and Samy Amimour, age 28. As the band was playing their song "Kiss the Devil", the three men got out of the car and opened fire on people outside the venue, killing three. Then, they burst into the concert hall and opened fire on the crowd. [64] [87] Witnesses heard shouts of "Allahu Akbar" as the terrorists opened fire. [24] [89] [90] Initially, the audience mistook the gunfire for pyrotechnics. [91] [92] The band ran offstage and escaped with many of the crew. [87] [93]

Rows of people were mowed down by gunfire or were forced to drop to the ground to avoid being shot. Survivors described hundreds of people lying beside and on top of each other in pools of blood, screaming in terror and pain. The gunmen also fired up into the balconies, and dead bodies fell down onto the stalls below. For a few minutes, the hall was plunged into darkness, with only the flashes from the assault rifles as the gunmen kept shooting. The terrorists shouted that they were there because of the French airstrikes against Islamic State. [87] Another witness who was inside the Bataclan heard a gunman say, "This is because of all the harm done by Hollande to Muslims all over the world." [94]

A radio reporter attending the concert described the terrorists as calm and determined and said they reloaded three or four times. [90] Two gunmen attacked the concert hall; one gunman covered fire while another reloaded, to ensure maximum efficiency. [64] Whenever the gunmen stopped to reload, some of the crowd ran for the emergency exits, scrambling over each other to escape. [87] Some were shot from behind as they fled, and the terrorists laughed as they shot them. [95] Those who reached the emergency exit were shot by the third gunman, who positioned himself there. [64] Other groups of people barricaded themselves in backstage rooms. Some smashed open the ceiling in an upstairs toilet and hid among the rafters under the roof. Those who could not run lay still on the floor pretending to be dead. According to survivors, the terrorists walked among those who were lying down, kicked them, and shot them in the head if there was any sign of life. [87]

An eyewitness reported hearing the gunmen ask amongst themselves where the members of the Eagles of Death Metal were once the gunfire stopped. [64] Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï then went upstairs to the balconies, while Amimour stayed downstairs and fired at people who tried to flee. [64] [87] The Search and Intervention Brigade (BRI) arrived on the scene at 22:15, soon followed by the elite tactical unit, RAID (French police unit). [96] At 22:15, the first two responding officers entered the building armed with handguns and encountered Amimour, who was standing on the stage. Amimour died after being shot by the officers and detonating his explosive vest. Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï then fired upon the officers, forcing them to withdraw and wait for backup. [64] [87]

From this point, Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï took about twenty hostages and herded them into a room at the end of an L-shaped corridor located further in the building. They also seized the hostages' mobile phones and attempted to use them to access the Internet, but they were unable to find a signal. Some of the hostages were forced to look down into the hall and out the windows and tell the terrorists what they saw. [64] [87] During this time, Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï fired on police and other first responders arriving at the scene. [97]

At 23:30, an elite police squad entered the building. One unit evacuated survivors from downstairs, while another unit went upstairs. They found Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï, who had begun using hostages as human shields. They shouted out to police the number of a hostage's phone. Over the next 50 minutes, they had four phone exchanges with a police negotiator, during which they threatened to execute hostages unless they received a signed paper promising France's departure from Muslim lands. [64] [87] The police assault began at 00:20 and lasted three minutes. [96] [98] Police launched the assault because of reports that Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï had started killing hostages. [24] [90] [99] Police using shields burst open the door to the room and exchanged fire with Mohamed-Aggad and Mostefaï while managing to pull the hostages one-by-one behind their shields. One terrorist detonated his explosive vest, and the other tried to do the same but was shot. [87]

Ninety people were killed, and hundreds of others were wounded. [20] [21] Almost all of the deceased victims were killed within the first 20 minutes of the attack. [64] All of the hostages were rescued without injury. [100] Police dog teams from the Brigade Cynophile assisted with body removal because of concerns that there could still be live explosives in the theatre. [101] Identification and removal of the bodies took 10 hours, a process made difficult because some audience members had left their identity papers in the theatre's cloakroom. [102]

Perpetrators

Three groups, comprising three men each, executed the attacks. [28] [56] They wore explosive vests and belts with identical detonators. [103] Seven perpetrators died at the scenes of their attacks. [6] [104] The other two were killed five days later during the Saint-Denis police raid. [105] The tenth participant, Salah Abdeslam, drove the Stade de France bombers to the stadium. He was supposed to execute a suicide bombing in the 18th arrondissement after dropping off the group, but he never did and disposed of his explosive vest.

On 14 November, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attacks. [106] [107] [108] [109] François Hollande said ISIL organised the attacks with help from inside France. [27] Claimed motives were an ideological objection to Paris as a capital of abomination and perversion, [110] retaliation for airstrikes on ISIL in Syria and Iraq, [12] and the foreign policy of Hollande in relation to Muslims worldwide. [111] Shortly after the attacks, ISIL's media organ, the Al-Hayat Media Group, launched a website on the dark web extolling the organisation and recommending the encrypted instant messaging service Telegram. [112] [113]

Fabien Clain released an audio recording the day before the attacks in which he personally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Clain is known to intelligence services as a veteran jihadist belonging to ISIL, and of French nationality. [114]

Syrian and Egyptian passports were found near the bodies of two of the perpetrators at two attack sites, [115] but Egyptian authorities said the passport belonged to a victim, Aleed Abdel-Razzak, and not one of the perpetrators. [116] By 16 November, the focus of the French and Belgian investigation turned to Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the radical jihadist they believed was the leader of the plot. [117] Abaaoud had escaped to Syria [118] [119] after having been suspected in other plots in Belgium and France, including the thwarted 2015 Thalys train attack. [120] Abaaoud had recruited an extensive network of accomplices, including two brothers, Brahim Abdeslam and Salah Abdeslam, to execute terrorist attacks; Abaaoud was killed in the Saint-Denis raid on 18 November. [121] [122] [123]

Most of the Paris attackers were French and Belgian born citizens of Moroccan and Algerian backgrounds who crossed borders without difficulty, albeit registered as terrorism suspects. [30] Two other attackers were Iraqi. [29] According to the French prime minister, Manuel Valls, several of the perpetrators had exploited Europe's immigration crisis to enter the continent undetected. [32] At least some, including the alleged leader Abdelhamid Abaaoud, had visited Syria and returned radicalised. Jean-Charles Brisard, a French expert on terrorism, called this a change of paradigm, in that returning European citizens were themselves the attackers. [33] The Los Angeles Times reported that more than 3,000 Europeans have travelled to Syria and joined ISIL and other radical groups. [33]

On 30 August 2016, jihadist Abu Mohammad al-Adnani was killed by an American missile and DGSI declared that his death ended the terrorist who had supervised the attacks on Brussels and Paris. [124]

Search for accomplices

Three cars were recovered in Paris after the attacks:

  1. A grey Volkswagen Polo with Belgian licence plates abandoned near the Bataclan was hired by a French citizen living in Belgium and contained a parking ticket from the town of Molenbeek. [125]
  2. A SEAT was found in the Paris suburb of Montreuil on 15 November and contained three Zastava M70 assault rifles, ammunition, and three butcher knives. [126]
  3. A Renault Clio hired by Salah Abdeslam was discovered near Montmartre on 11 November and contained a butcher knife. [127] [128]

Police described Salah, a 26-year-old Belgian citizen, as dangerous, and warned the public not to approach him. [129] He was arrested on 18 March 2016 during an anti-terrorist raid in the Molenbeek area of Brussels (see below). [130] His brother, Brahim, died in the attacks. [131] Another brother, Mohamed, was detained on 14 November in the Molenbeek area of Brussels and released after several hours of questioning. [132] Mohamed said he did not suspect his siblings of planning anything. [133]

On 14 November, a car was stopped at the Belgium–France border and its three occupants were questioned then released. Three more people were arrested in Molenbeek. [134] Links to the attacks were investigated in an arrest in Germany on 5 November, when police stopped a 51-year-old man from Montenegro and found automatic handguns, hand grenades and explosives in his car. [135]

On 15–16 November, French tactical police units raided over 200 locations in France, arresting 23 people and seizing weapons. [136] Another 104 people were placed under house arrest. [137] [138]

On 17 November, police followed a female cousin of the attacker and ringleader, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, to a block of flats in Saint-Denis where they saw Abaaoud with her. [139] [140] The next day, police raided a flat in Saint-Denis, and Abaaoud was killed in the ensuing gunfight, which lasted several hours. [121] [122] [123] Chakib Akrouh, one of the perpetrators of the restaurant shootings, also died during the raid after detonating an explosive vest. [141] Eight suspected militants were arrested at or near the flat. [142]

On 23 November, an explosive belt was found in a litter bin in the Paris suburb of Montrouge. It may have been discarded by Salah Abdeslam, whose phone records showed that he was in Montrouge on the night of the attacks. [143]

On 24 November, five people in Belgium were charged on suspicion of their involvement in the Paris attacks, and Belgian prosecutors issued an arrest warrant for Mohamed Abrini, a 30-year-old suspected accomplice of Salah Abdeslam. [144] Abrini was subsequently reported to have been arrested on 8 April 2016. [145] He is also suspected of having been involved in the 2016 Brussels bombings. [145]

On 9 December, two ISIL militants accompanying two of the Paris attackers into Europe, all masquerading as migrants, were arrested in Greece weeks before the attacks. [146] [147] In July 2016, a third militant involved was also arrested despite regular activity on Facebook from Belgium. [147] [148] The three militants were part of a unit intended to carry out further attacks on 13 November, but their plans were apparently disrupted by the first two arrests. [147]

Fabien Clain was identified as the person reading the ISIL claim of responsibility. Clain was a French national who served 5 years from 2009 to 2014 in a French prison for recruiting fighters to go to Syria for jihad. Clain has been linked to other executed and planned terror attacks and is seen as a leader of known terrorists. [149]

Jawad Bendaoud was arrested 18 November 2015 for "criminal terrorist association for the purpose of committing violent action", as he provided lodging for Abaaoud, Hasna Aït Boulahcen, and a third man. In September 2017, the prosecuting judge filed for Bendaoud's trial for "concealment of terrorist criminals", a charge with a maximum penalty of six years. [150] [151]

Analysis of tactics

Michael Leiter, former director of the United States National Counterterrorism Center, said the attacks demonstrated a sophistication not seen in a city attack since the 2008 Mumbai attacks and that it would change how the West regarded the threat. [152] Further comparisons were made between the Paris and Mumbai attacks. [153] [154] [155] Mumbai Police Joint Commissioner (Law and Order) Deven Bharti pointed out the similarities as having several targets, shooting indiscriminately, and the use of improvised explosive devices. [156] [157] According to Bharti, one key difference was that the Mumbai attacks lasted several days, and the Paris attackers killed themselves as soon as capture seemed imminent. [158] Evidence points to the attackers having regularly used unencrypted communications during the planning of the attack. [159]

Casualties

Deaths by citizenship
CitizenshipDeaths
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France106 [160]
Flag of Chile.svg Chile3 [161]
Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria2 [162] [163] [164]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium2 [165]
Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt2 [166]
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal2 [167]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany2 [168] [169]
Flag of Romania.svg Romania2 [170]
Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia2 [170]
Flag of Italy.svg Italy1 [171] [172]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico1 [173]
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco1 [174]
Flag of Spain.svg Spain1 [175]
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden1 [91]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom1 [161]
Flag of the United States.svg United States1 [176]
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela1 [170]
Total131 [4]

The attackers killed 130 victims and injured 416, [7] [177] with 80 to 99 taken to hospital in serious condition. [8] [9] Of the dead, 90 died at the Bataclan theatre, [20] [21] 21 at La Belle Équipe, [85] 13 at Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge, [80] five at Café Bonne Bière and La Casa Nostra, and one at Stade de France. [178]

Among those who died at the Bataclan were a music critic of Les Inrockuptibles , [179] an executive of Mercury Records France, and the merchandise manager of Eagles of Death Metal, the band that was performing. [170] Some people suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), [180] including a man who died by suicide two years after the attacks. [181] In May 2024, survivor and graphic novelist Fred Dewilde died by suicide nine years after the attacks, during which he depicted his trauma in several graphic novels. [182]

On 8 September 2021, the trial of 20 men accused of planning and carrying out the attacks began in Paris in a custom-designed chamber within the Palais de Justice. [183] The trial was expected to hear the testimony of over 300 witnesses and victims, including more than 300 lawyers, and was expected to last about nine months. [184] The trial was filmed, however the film will not be released until fifty years after the conclusion of the trial. [185] Of the 20 accused, fourteen were tried in person and six were tried in absentia. The trial concluded on 29 June 2022 with the conviction of all 20 defendants. Salah Abdeslam, the only surviving assailant in the attacks, received a sentence of life without parole. [186] [187] Of Abdeslam's 19 co-defendants, who were suspected of offering mostly logistical support or plotting other attacks, 18 were convicted on terrorism related charges, while one was convicted of a lesser fraud charge. [188]

In January 2022, an orthopaedic surgeon at the Georges Pompidou hospital was sued and faces possible misconduct charges after using a survivor's X-ray as a NFT (non-fungible token), without consulting her prior. The image was an X-ray of the survivor's forearm with a Kalashnikov bullet near the bone, and was listed as an X-ray of a survivor who had lost her boyfriend in the attack. [189]

Responses

Local

The hashtag #portesouvertes ("open doors") was used by Parisians to offer shelter to those afraid to travel home after the attacks. [190]

Civil service in remembrance of the attacks victims at the Place de la Republique on 15 November 2015 Dozens of mourning people captured during civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks victims. Western Europe, France, Paris, place de la Republique, November 15, 2015.jpg
Civil service in remembrance of the attacks victims at the Place de la République on 15 November 2015

As had been the case in January after the Charlie Hebdo attacks, the Place de la République became a focal point of mourning, memorial, and tributes. [191] An impromptu memorial also developed near the Bataclan theatre. [192] On 15 November, two days after the attacks, a memorial service was held at Notre Dame Cathedral, presided over by the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, with several political and religious figures in attendance. [193]

Muslim organisations in France, such as the Union of Islamic Organisations of France, strongly condemned the attacks in Paris. [194] [195] [196] The attacks affected business at high-profile venues and shopping centres in Paris, and many Parisians were concerned the attacks might lead to a marginalisation of Muslims in the city. [197] There was not the same call for solidarity with Islam, as in January, following the attacks. [198] Sales of the French flag, which the French had rarely displayed prior to the attacks, increased dramatically after the attacks. [199]

A woman cries as she stands at the Le Carillon bar on 14 November 2015 France-Paris-Crying-Lady.jpg
A woman cries as she stands at the Le Carillon bar on 14 November 2015

On 4 December, the Bonne Bière café reopened, adorned by a banner with the defiant slogan "Je suis en terrasse" ("I'm on the Terrace"). A street cleaner told France 24 that the city had removed six truckloads of wilted flowers and several kilograms of candles from memorials placed around this and the other shooting scenes: "We didn't really want to get rid of things, but it feels a bit like a cemetery with all the flowers." [200]

National

Government

President Hollande issued a statement asking the French people to remain strong in the face of the attacks. [201] [202] He also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism. [76] Hollande chaired an emergency meeting of the French Cabinet that night and directed his national security council to meet the next morning. [76] The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety and declared a state of emergency. [74] [203] [204] Hollande cancelled his trip to the 2015 G-20 Antalya summit because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius and Finance Minister Michel Sapin as his representatives. [205] On 14 November, Hollande announced three days of national mourning. [206] On 16 November, Hollande convened a special Congress of the French Parliament to address the attack and lay out legislative and diplomatic plans he wanted to take in response to them. These proposals included an extension of the state of emergency for three months, changes to the French constitution, one of which would have enabled France to protect itself from dual citizens who might pose a risk, and an increase in military attacks against ISIL. [207]

On 4 December 2015, the French government published a guide in form of a cartoon on how to survive a terrorist attack. The guide is to be posted in public places and be available online. [208] [209]

In July 2016, the French government published the report of a commission of inquiry, presided over by Georges Fenech, into possible security failings relating to the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. The report recommended the establishment of a single "national anti-terrorism agency". [210] [211]

In August 2016, minister of the interior Bernard Cazeneuve stated that about 20 radicalised mosques and more than 80 hate preachers had been expelled from France since 2012. [212]

Military

On 15 November, the French Air Force launched the biggest airstrike of Opération Chammal, its bombing campaign against ISIL, sending 10 aircraft to drop 20 bombs on Raqqa, the city where ISIL is based. [136] On 16 November, the French Air Force carried out more airstrikes on ISIL targets in Raqqa, including a command centre and a training camp. [213] On 18 November 2015, French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle left its home port of Toulon heading towards the eastern Mediterranean to support bombing operations carried out by the international coalition. [214] This decision was taken before the November attacks but was accelerated by the events.

French authorities regularly gave detailed information to US authorities on the whereabouts of high-ranking IS members in the Syria-Iraq zone to be tracked and killed. This cooperation led to American air strikes being able to kill the planners of the 13 November 2015 attacks. United States authorities cooperated as they consider that if terrorist attacks hadn't taken place in France, they would have done so in the US instead. [124]

Public

Applications to join the French Army, which were around 100–150 per day in 2014, rose to 1,500 in the week following the attacks, higher than the rise to 400 after the Charlie Hebdo shooting in January. [199] [215]

Domestic politics

All major political parties, including Hollande's governing Socialist Party, Marine Le Pen's National Front, and Nicolas Sarkozy's Republicans temporarily suspended their election campaigns for the upcoming French regional elections. [216] There was a nationwide minute of silence at noon which President Hollande and several ministers observed at a ceremony at the Paris Sorbonne University. [217]

On 18 November, Hollande reaffirmed France's commitment to accept 30,000 Syrian refugees over the next two years. [218] This was despite the doubts that the terror attack had sown in people's minds. His announcement drew a standing ovation from a gathering of French mayors. [219]

However, in the election campaign for the regional elections of France, to begin on 6 December 2015, Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right Front National party who was vying to be president of the Nord-Pas de Calais area, was recommending hardline security measures. She was getting a great deal of media attention with her strong anti-immigrant stance and may have been helping to sway public opinion across France. "The influx of migrants must be stopped," Le Pen told the CBC in an interview. [220] Le Pen was doing well in opinion polls as of early December 2015. Since the elections would start only weeks after the Paris attacks, she was thought to be getting dividends from the timing, when the fear of terrorism was still very strong. [221]

European Union

Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission, rejected calls to rethink the European Union's policy on migration. Dismissing suggestions that open borders led to the attacks, Juncker said he believed that the attacks should be met with a stronger display of liberal values, including internal open borders. [222] [223] European Commission Vice-president Federica Mogherini and EU defence ministers unanimously backed France's request for help in military missions. [224]

The United Kingdom has stated its intent to help France with operations in Syria, [225] while some countries intend to aid France by taking over activities in Africa. Germany announced sending troops to Mali and military trainers to Kurdish forces in Iraq, and on 4 December voted in favour of deploying aircraft and a frigate in an effort to aid the French forces over Syria. [226] [227]

The attacks prompted European officials to re-evaluate their stance on EU policy toward migrants, especially in light of the ongoing European migrant crisis. [228] [229] Many German officials believed a higher level of scrutiny was needed, and criticised German Chancellor Angela Merkel, while the German Vice-Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel defended her. [229]

French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said that he would meet with EU ministers to discuss how to deal with terrorism across the European Union. [230] Meeting reports indicated that Schengen area border controls have been tightened for EU citizens entering or leaving, with passport checks [231] and systematic screening against biometric databases.

Poland's European affairs minister designate Konrad Szymański declared that he saw no possibility of enacting the recent EU refugee relocation scheme. [232] [233] The new Prime Minister of Poland, Beata Szydło said she would ask the EU to change its decision on refugee quotas. [234] [235] Szydło said Poland would honour the commitment made by the previous government to accommodate 9,000 refugees. [236] [237]

Hungary's prime minister, Viktor Orbán, rejected the concept of mandatory resettlement quotas. [238]

Czech Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka criticised President Miloš Zeman for supporting anti-Islamic groups and spreading hatred, according to Reuters, whose report added that the Sobotka government had been deporting migrants. [239]

Intelligence review

French police gathering evidence at the Bataclan theatre on 14 November Paris Shootings - The day after (22593744177).jpg
French police gathering evidence at the Bataclan theatre on 14 November

Shortly after the attacks, intelligence staff in multiple countries began to review electronic surveillance recorded before the attacks. [75] Adam Schiff, the ranking Democratic member of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, said he did not know of any intercepted communications that would have provided warning of the attacks. [240]

One source said the French National Police met with German police and intelligence services a month before the attack to discuss suspicions that terrorists were staking out possible targets in France. The exact targets were not known at that time. [241]

Police in Germany stopped a car on 5 November, arrested its driver, and confiscated weapons that may have been connected to the Paris attacks. [242]

Some of the attackers were known to law enforcement officials prior to the attacks, and at least some of the attackers lived in the Molenbeek area of Brussels, which is noted for its links to extremist activities. [28] A counter-terrorism expert said the fact that the perpetrators were known to authorities suggested that intelligence was "pretty good" but the ability to act on it was lacking. The number of Europeans who have links to Syria makes it difficult for security services to keep track of them all. [243]

On 26 December 2015, "Belgian newspaper De Morgen reported that a police oversight body, known as Committee P," is investigating why prior warnings from a school about the radicalisation of one of the attackers, Bilal Hadfi, were not reported to Belgian law enforcement. [244]

On 8 March 2021, Italian police arrested a 36-year-old Algerian man on suspicion of helping authors of the Paris attacks and for belonging to the Islamic State group. It was reported that he had "guaranteed the availability of forged documents" to the Paris attackers. [245]

Security changes

In France

In response to the attacks, France was put under an état d'urgence (state of emergency) for the first time since the 2005 riots, [26] borders were temporarily closed, and 1,500 soldiers were called in to help the police maintain order in Paris. [24] [203] [246] The plan blanc (Île de France) and plan rouge (global), two contingency plans for times of emergency, were immediately activated. [247] [248] [249]

Flights to and from Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport were mostly unaffected. [75] American Airlines delayed flights to Paris until further notice. [250] Many Paris Métro stations in the 10th and 11th arrondissements were shut down because of the attacks. [203] [251] Uber suspended car hails in Paris after the attacks. [252]

All state schools and universities in Paris remained closed the next day. [253] [254] Sports events in France for the weekend of 14–15 November were postponed or cancelled. [255] [256] Disneyland Paris, which had operated every day since opening in 1992, closed its parks as a mark of respect for those who died in the attacks. [254] [257] The Eiffel Tower, a Paris landmark visited by 20,000 people a day, was closed for two days. [254] [258] Other venues that were to remain closed included shops and cinemas. [254] Protests were banned until 19 November, [254] while bands such as U2, Foo Fighters, Motörhead, and Coldplay cancelled performances in Paris. [259]

The week after 20 November, Hollande was planning to travel to the US and Russia to discuss greater international co-operation against ISIL. [260]

State of emergency

On 13 November, President Hollande declared the state of emergency. [26]

On 20 November, the Senate in France agreed to extend the current state of emergency by three months; this measure gave police extra powers of detention and arrest intended to increase security, at the expense of some personal liberties. [260] (For effects, see also: 2016 Nice truck attack#Raids and house arrests under state of emergency.) Public demonstrations of environmental activists during COP21, held in Paris from 30 November to 12 December 2015, were prevented from happening under the state of emergency regulations, while others were allowed. [261] [262]

A next time, the state of emergency was extended until the end of July 2016. [263] Further extensions followed after the attack in Nice on 14 July 2016.

Belgium

Belgium immediately on 13 November tightened security along its border with France and increased security checks for people arriving from France. [74]

Starting on 21 November 2015, the government of Belgium imposed a security lockdown on Brussels, including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks in the wake of the series of coordinated attacks in Paris. [264] [265] [266] [267] [268] One of the perpetrators of the attack, Belgian-born French national Salah Abdeslam, was thought to be hiding in the city. As a result of warnings of a serious and imminent threat, the terror alert level was raised to the highest level (four) across the Brussels metropolitan area, and people were advised not to congregate publicly, effectively putting the city under lockdown. [264] [265] [267] [268]

International

Cities in the United States took security precautions, especially at sites where large crowds were expected, as well as sports events, concerts, the French embassy and other French government sites. [269] [270] William J. Bratton, the New York City Police Commissioner, said the Paris attacks have changed the way law enforcement deals with security. [271] Singapore raised its national security alert level, stepping up border checks and security across the city-state. [272] Police and military authorities in Manila were placed on full alert in preparation for the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting. [273]

International reactions

Flower tributes outside the French Embassy in Luxembourg City Je suis Paris Luxembourg-ville 2015 large.jpg
Flower tributes outside the French Embassy in Luxembourg City

Many heads of state and heads of government, as well as the United Nations, offered messages of condolence and solidarity in the wake of the attacks. [274] [275] [276]

The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a bill that made it more difficult for Syrian and Iraqi refugees to enter the United States. [277] At least 31 governors of U.S. states declared they would refuse to accept Syrian refugees. [278]

Muslim officials

Muslim heads of state, scholars, imams, leaders and groups condemned the attacks, many before ISIL claimed responsibility. [279] These included the imam who heads the university of Al-Azhar in Egypt; the Supreme council of Religious Scholars in Saudi Arabia; [280] Iranian president Hassan Rouhani [281] and the Ahmadiyya caliph Mirza Masroor Ahmad. [282]

Syrian president Bashar al-Assad condemned the attacks, but added that France's support for Syrian rebel groups had contributed to the spread of terrorism. [283] France had been a particularly vocal opponent of Assad during the Syrian civil war. [284]

Ahrar ash-Sham and Jaysh al-Islam, the major mainstream Islamist rebels against the Syrian regime, both condemned the attacks. [285] Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, condemned the attacks, and expressed his solidarity with the French people. [286] Other militant groups also condemned the attacks, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine. [287]

The al-Nusra Front, the Syrian branch of Al-Qaeda, praised the attacks, saying that even though they viewed ISIL as "dogs of hellfire", they applauded when "infidels" get attacked by ISIL. [285]

Hanover bombing plot

A few days after the attacks, on 17 November, a football friendly set to be played at HDI-Arena in Hanover between Germany (who had just been present at the Stade de France during the Paris attacks) and the Netherlands was cancelled and thousands of football fans evacuated from the arena following a bomb threat. [288] The match, having been hailed as a "symbol of freedom" after the Paris attacks, was set to be attended in a show of solidarity with France by German chancellor Angela Merkel, vice-chancellor Sigmar Gabriel, several other German government ministers, as well as Dutch defence minister Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert and health and sport minister Edith Schippers. [288]

According to a French intelligence dossier, five bombs had been prepared to be detonated at or around the stadium by a named five-member terror cell in a series of coordinated bomb attacks. [289] German authorities refused to give more details on findings, with Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere claiming that "some of these answers would alarm the public." [289] While police claimed to not have found any explosives, German newspapers published allegations of a cover-up, which claimed that a paramedic had witnessed explosives hidden in an ambulance at the stadium, before being told by special forces at the scene "to not talk about it." [289] Another newspaper claimed it had been a truck bomb disguised as an ambulance. [290] [291] Three police officers were disciplined for leaking information about alleged bomb finds. [289]

At the same time also in Hanover, the TUI Arena was evacuated before a concert by the band Söhne Mannheims, and a train station was closed off after a suspicious device was found. [290] [291] Later the same evening, two Air France flights headed from the United States to Paris were diverted to Salt Lake City, Utah [292] and Halifax, Nova Scotia because of bomb threats. [293] The events followed the previous day, when a football match set to be played in Brussels between Belgium and Spain had also been cancelled over security concerns. [290] [291]

2016 Brussels raids

On 15 March 2016, Belgian police carried out a raid on a house in the suburb of Forest in Brussels. A police statement said that the raid was related to the Paris attacks. [294] [295] Four police officers were wounded in the raid, and a manhunt for escaped suspects followed. [296] [297]

On 18 March 2016, there were further raids in the Molenbeek area of Brussels. [298] Two suspects were reportedly injured in one such raid and a third suspect was killed.[ citation needed ] Five people, one identified as Salah Abdeslam, suspected accomplice in the Paris attacks, were arrested during the raid. [299] [300] [301]

Media depictions

One of the people who was present in the Bataclan theatre on 13 November 2015 during the terrorist attacks was a French artist who works under the pseudonym Fred Dewilde. In October 2016, he published a graphic novel about his firsthand experience of these tragic events, named Mon Bataclan. [302] [303] [304]

On 27 April 2016, American rock band Pierce the Veil released a song titled "Circles", inspired by the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. [305]

On 6 June 2018, Gédéon and Jules Naudet released the documentary November 13: Attack on Paris . [306]

On 5 October 2022, the French film November was released, directed by Cédric Jimenez and starring Jean Dujardin, that depicts the investigations and the interventions of the police (in particular of the anti-terrorist sub-directorate) during the five days which followed the attacks.

Alice Winocour's 2022 feature film Revoir Paris [307] (Paris Memories) looked at the effects of the aftermath of a group of people trapped in an attached bistro and starred Virginie Efira.

A 4-part miniseries named Les Espions de la Terreur was released by M6 in 2024. It shows the aftermath of the November attacks through the eyes of the French Secret Service.

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 The times for the first two bombings originally given at a press conference by the prosecutor of Paris François Molins on 14 November 2015 were 21:20 and 21:30. However, video recording of the match shows that the gap between the first and the second explosion was around 3 minutes and 10 seconds, the first explosion being heard at 16:24 after the start of the match, and the second at 19:34. These correspond to 21:16 and 21:19 local time, the game having started at 21:00.
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bataclan (theatre)</span> Theatre in Paris, France

The Bataclan is a theatre located at 50 Boulevard Voltaire in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, France. Designed in 1864 by the architect Charles Duval, its name refers to Ba-ta-clan, an operetta by Jacques Offenbach. Since the early 1970s, it has been a venue for rock music. On 13 November 2015, 90 people were killed in a coordinated terrorist attack in the theatre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in France</span>

Terrorism in France refers to the terrorist attacks that have targeted the country and its population during the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorism, in this case is much related to the country's history, international affairs and political approach. Legislation has been set up by lawmakers to fight terrorism in France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Thalys train attack</span> Attempted mass shooting on a train

On 21 August 2015, a man opened fire on a Thalys train on its way from Amsterdam to Paris. Four people were injured, including the assailant. French, American and British passengers confronted the attacker and subdued him. For their heroism, they received France's highest decoration, the Legion of Honour. The assailant, later identified as Ayoub El Khazzani, initially claimed to be only a robber, but later confessed that he had wanted to "kill Americans" as revenge for bombings in Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks</span>

On the night of 13 November 2015, Paris suffered a series of terror attacks. In reaction to those events, many individuals, governments, and other organisations around the world expressed their solidarity with France and with the victims. Many world leaders issued statements, mostly strongly condemning the attacks and vowing to stand by and support France. Public vigils took place in many international cities, and a number of world landmarks were illuminated in the colours of the French flag. Members of the public expressed their solidarity through social media by sharing images, notably the "Peace for Paris" symbol, designed by the French graphic designer Jean Jullien, and through the slogans, "Pray for Paris" and "Je suis Paris".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salah Abdeslam</span> Belgian-born French convicted terrorist

Salah Abdeslam is a Belgian-born Islamic terrorist who was sentenced to life in prison in France in 2022 as the only surviving member of the 10-man unit that carried out the attacks in Paris on 13 November 2015, in which 130 people were killed and more than 490 injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</span> Belgian-born terrorist (1987–2015)

Abdelhamid Abaaoud was a Belgian-born Islamic terrorist who had spent time in Syria and was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, and is known to have masterminded the November 2015 Paris attacks. Prior to the Paris attacks, there was an international arrest warrant issued for Abaaoud for his activities in recruiting individuals to Islamic terrorism in Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Brussels lockdown</span> Measures taken to secure the Belgian capital following the 2015 Paris terror attacks

From 21 to 25 November 2015, the government of Belgium imposed a security lockdown on Brussels, including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks in the wake of the series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on 13 November. One of the perpetrators of the attack, Belgian-born French national Salah Abdeslam, was thought to be hiding in the city. As a result of warnings of a serious and imminent threat, the terror alert level was raised to the highest level (four) across the Brussels metropolitan area, and people were advised not to congregate publicly, effectively putting the city under lockdown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohamed Abrini</span> Belgian-Moroccan terrorist

Mohamed Abrini is a Belgian Islamic terrorist. On 29 June 2022 he was convicted of involvement in the November 2015 Paris attacks and received a sentence of life imprisonment with a minimum term of 22 years. In July 2023 he was convicted of terrorist-related murder and attempted murder for his role in the 2016 Brussels bombings, and given a sentence of 30 years.

On 15 and 18 March 2016, Belgian police carried out raids on houses in Brussels. The raids were conducted in connection to the attacks in Paris four months earlier. In the raids, one suspect was killed and five others were arrested, including Salah Abdeslam, the only surviving member of the 10-man unit that carried out the November 2015 Paris attacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Brussels bombings</span> Islamic State suicide bombings in Belgium

On 22 March 2016, two coordinated terrorist attacks in and close to Brussels, Belgium, were carried out by the Islamic State (IS). Two suicide bombers detonated bombs at Brussels Airport in Zaventem just outside Brussels, and one detonated a bomb on a train leaving Maelbeek/Maalbeek metro station in the city's European Quarter. Thirty-two people were killed and more than 300 were injured. Three perpetrators also died. A third airport attacker fled the scene without detonating his bomb, which was later found in a search of the airport. A second metro attacker also fled, taking his bomb with him. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Najim Laachraoui</span> Belgian-Moroccan terrorist

Najm al-'Ashrāwī, also known as Abū Idrīs al-Baljīkī or Soufiane Kayal, was a Belgian-Moroccan terrorist and Islamic State militant who was one of two suicide bombers at Brussels Airport in the 2016 Brussels bombings. The Islamic State confirmed that he was responsible for making all the explosives used in the November 2015 Paris attacks.

Osama Krayem, also known as Naïm or Naim al Hamed, is a Swedish-Syrian convicted terrorist and mass murderer involved in the 2016 Brussels bombings. He was one of five men arrested on 8 April 2016 by the Belgian police.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brussels Islamic State terror cell</span> Group who carried out Paris and Brussels terrorist attacks

The Brussels Islamic State terror cell was a group involved in large-scale terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2015 and Brussels in March 2016. The terror cell was connected to the Islamic State (IS), a jihadist terrorist organisation primarily based in Syria and Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic terrorism in Europe</span> Islamic terrorist attacks and plots in Europe

Islamic terrorism has been carried out in Europe by the jihadist groups Islamic State (ISIL) or Al-Qaeda as well as Islamist lone wolves since the late 20th century. Europol, which releases the annual EU Terrorism Situation and Trend report (TE-SAT), used the term "Islamist terrorism" in reports for the years 2006–2010, "religiously inspired terrorism" for the years 2011–2014, and has used "jihadist terrorism" since then. Europol defines jihadism as "a violent ideology exploiting traditional Islamic concepts".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic State affiliated terrorist attacks in France</span> Terrorist attacks in France

ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France refers to the terrorist activity of the Islamic State in France, including attacks committed by Islamic State-inspired lone wolves. The French military operation Opération Sentinelle has been ongoing in France since the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louvre machete attack</span> 2017 terrorist attack in Paris, France

On 3 February 2017, an Egyptian national in France on a tourist visa was shot as he rushed a group of French soldiers guarding a principal entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, with a machete. One soldier was injured in the fight. The soldiers were patrolling the museum as part of Opération Sentinelle, guarding the Carrousel du Louvre, in which an underground shopping mall also serves as a gift shop, ticket sales office, and public entrance to the museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack</span> Champs-Élysées terrorist attack

On 20 April 2017, three French National Police officers were shot by Karim Cheurfi, a French national wielding an AK-47 rifle on the Champs-Élysées boulevard in Paris. One officer, French National Police Captain Xavier Jugelé, was killed and two other French National Police officers and a German tourist were seriously wounded. Karim Cheurfi was then shot dead by police. Amaq News Agency, which is linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), claimed the attacker was an ISIS fighter. French police and prosecutors are investigating the attack as terrorism, and have launched a counter-terrorism prosecution.

This article covers attacks and activity of terrorism in Belgium.

On 12 May 2018, a 20-year-old Chechnya-born French citizen, armed with a knife, killed one pedestrian and injured four others near the Palais Garnier opera house in Paris, France, before being fatally shot by police. The stabbings were in the area of Rue Saint-Augustin and Passage Choiseul. French President Emmanuel Macron said France had "paid once again the price of blood but will not cede an inch to the enemies of freedom." The suspect, identified as Khamzat Azimov, had been on a counter-terrorism watchlist since 2016. Amaq News Agency posted a video of a hooded person pledging allegiance to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, claimed to be the attacker. Europol classified the attack as jihadist terrorism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paris attacks trial</span> Trial of the Paris attacks of 13 November 2015

The Paris attacks trial was the trial in Paris, France, of twenty men accused of involvement in the Paris terrorist attacks of 13 November 2015, which killed 130 people and injured hundreds. The ten-month trial was the longest criminal trial in French history and took place in a specially built courtroom inside the Palais de Justice before five judges presided over by Jean-Louis Périès. The court sat for 148 days between 8 September 2021 and 27 June 2022. Verdicts were delivered on 29 June 2022. Nineteen of the twenty defendants were found guilty of all charges and sentenced to prison terms ranging from four years to full-life. One defendant was found guilty of fraud but not terrorist involvement and sentenced to two years imprisonment. In France the trial is also known as V13 as the attacks took place on Friday the 13th.

References

  1. ↑ "Following the Path of the Paris Terror Weapons". Spiegel.de. 24 March 2016. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  2. ↑ "Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say". CNN. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  3. ↑ "Armed to Kill" (PDF). Flemish Peace Institute. June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 "Paris attacks death toll rises to 130". RTE News. 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "Suicide d'un rescapé du Bataclan : Guillaume, 131e victime du 13 novembre". Le Parisien (in French). 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 Claire Phipps (15 November 2015). "Paris attacker named as Ismaïl Omar Mostefai as investigation continues – live updates". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 "Bataclan survivor describes moment Isis gunman tried to kill her". 12 November 2016. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 "Search goes on for missing". BBC News. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 "Paris attacks: Everything we know on Wednesday evening". The Telegraph. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  10. 1 2 "ISIS claims responsibility of Paris attacks". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  11. 1 2 "L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris" (in French). France 24. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 Elgot, Jessica; Phipps, Claire; Bucks, Jonathan (14 November 2015). "Paris attacks: Islamic State says killings were response to Syria strikes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. The group says the killings were in response to airstrikes against its militants in Syria, adding that France would remain a "key target".
  13. 1 2 Dalton, Matthew; Varela, Thomas; Landauro, Inti (14 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Were an 'Act of War' by Islamic State, French President François Hollande Says". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks on a social media account, but didn't provide specific information that would have allowed the claim to be verified. It said that the attacks were retaliation for French airstrikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.
  14. ↑ EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (TE-SAT) 2016. EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (Te-Sat). Europol. 2016. pp. 22–28, 47. ISBN   978-92-95200-68-5.
  15. ↑ Jason Chow; Nick Kostov (27 November 2015). "France honors victims of Paris terrorist attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  16. ↑ Hugh Schofield (8 September 2021). "Paris attacks: Historic day of reckoning for night of terror". BBC . Retrieved 18 November 2021. On the evening of Friday 13 November 2015...
  17. ↑ "Paris attacks: What happened on the night". BBC . 9 December 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2021. The attacks in Paris on the night of Friday 13 November...
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 de la Hamaide, Sybille (14 November 2015). "Timeline of Paris attacks according to public prosecutor". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  19. ↑ "Paris attacks: What we know so far". France 24. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 "What happened at the Bataclan?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  21. 1 2 3 "This Is What Happened at the Bataclan Concert Hall During the Paris Attacks". News.vice.com. 25 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  22. ↑ M. Marcus (19 November 2015). "Injuries from Paris attacks will take long to heal". CBS News. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  23. ↑ "Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism". The Irish Times. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Randolph, Eric & Simon Valmary (13 November 2015). "More than 120 people killed in Paris 'terror' attacks". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  25. ↑ "Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'". BBC News. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  26. 1 2 3 Nossiter, Adam; Breeden, Aurelien; Bennhold, Katrin (14 November 2015). "Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  27. 1 2 "Hollande says Paris attacks 'an act of war' by Islamic State". Reuters. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Alicia Parlapiano; Wilson Andrews; Haeyoun Park; Larry Buchanan (17 November 2015). "Finding the Links Among the Paris Attackers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  29. 1 2 "Paris attacks: Who were the attackers?". BBC News. 13 November 2016. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  30. 1 2 Traynor, Ian (20 November 2015). "EU ministers order tighter border checks in response to Paris attacks". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  31. ↑ "Movements of Isis extremist prior to Paris attack raise EU security questions". The Guardian. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  32. 1 2 "Paris attacks: EU in emergency talks on border crackdown". The Guardian . 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015. The French prime minister, Manuel Valls, said some of the killers had taken advantage of Europe's migrant crisis to "slip in" unnoticed.
  33. 1 2 3 McDonnell, Patrick J; Zavis, Alexandra (19 November 2015). "Suspected Paris attack mastermind's Europe ties facilitated travel from Syria". Los Angeles Times, in the Sacramento Bee. Los Angeles, USA. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015. As waves of refugees from Syria converged on Europe this summer, law enforcement authorities feared this scenario: That terrorist operatives would slip in among the multitudes [...] Last week's attacks on France may have validated some of those fears. At least three of the seven known attackers and the suspected ringleader, Abdelhamid Abaaoud [...] are thought to have crossed clandestinely from Syria into Europe.
  34. ↑ Andrew Griffin (19 November 2015). "France state of emergency declared for three months, allowing authorities to shut down websites and giving police sweeping new powers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  35. ↑ Rubin, Alissa (15 November 2015). "France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  36. ↑ Aurelien Breeden; Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura (19 November 2015). "Chief Suspect in Paris Attacks Died in Raid, France Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  37. ↑ "French soldiers wounded in Nice Jewish centre attack". BBC News. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  38. ↑ Walker, Peter; Malik, Shiv (26 June 2015). "France launches terror inquiry after decapitated body found in factory attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  39. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (22 August 2015). "France train attack: Americans overpower gunman on Paris express". The Guardian. Paris, France. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  40. 1 2 Greenhouse, Emily (15 November 2015). "Life and Death on the Boulevard Voltaire". The New Republic. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  41. ↑ "Concert venue has history of anti-Semitic attacks". International Business Times. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  42. ↑ "History of le Bataclan". Bataclan. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  43. ↑ Dan Bilefsky (14 November 2015). "Paris Theater Had Been Owned by a Jewish Family". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  44. ↑ "Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé?". Le Point. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  45. ↑ "French mag: Bataclan an Islamist target due to Jewish owners". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  46. ↑ "Fransk magasin: Bataclan har jødiske eiere". Aftenposten. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  47. ↑ "Updates: Russian airliner crashes in Egypt's Sinai peninsula". BBC News. 31 October 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  48. ↑ "Russian plane that crashed in Egypt 'broke up in air'". France 24 News. November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  49. ↑ Barnard, Anne; Saad, Hwaida (12 November 2015). "ISIS Claims Responsibility for Blasts That Killed Dozens in Beirut". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  50. ↑ "ISIS claims responsibility for Beirut southern suburb attack". The Daily Star . Lebanon. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  51. 1 2 "Iraqi intelligence says it warned France of imminent attacks". The Irish Times . Retrieved 11 June 2019.
  52. ↑ "Turkey Warned French Twice About Attacker, Official Says". The New York Times. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  53. ↑ "Turkey Says It Warned France Twice About Paris Attacker". The Huffington Post. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  54. ↑ NDR. "Mehrjährige Haftstrafen im IS-Prozess" (in German). Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  55. 1 2 "Hollande : "Un acte de guerre commis par une armée terroriste"". Le Figaro. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  56. 1 2 Nossiter, Adam; Breeden, Aurelien; Bennhold, Katrin (14 November 2015). "Three Teams of Coordinated Attackers Carried Out Assault on Paris, Officials Say; Hollande Blames ISIS". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  57. ↑ "EN DIRECT. Fusillades à Paris : assaut terminé au Bataclan". Le Point (in French). 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  58. ↑ Ing, Nancy; Fieldstadt, Elisha (13 November 2015). "Dozens Dead, Hostages Held in Multiple Paris Attacks". NBC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  59. ↑ Shapiro, Emily (13 November 2015). "Several Dead After Explosions and Shootings in Paris". ABC News. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  60. ↑ Goldstein, Sasha (13 November 2015). "At least 26 dead after explosion, shooting reported in Paris". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  61. ↑ "As It Happened". thelocal.fr. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  62. ↑ "Paris Attacks". ABC News.
  63. ↑ Brown, Mike (14 November 2015). "What Is TATP? Paris Attackers Used Unstable Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Explosive For Detonations". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Cruickshank, Paul (30 October 2017). "The inside story of the Paris and Brussels attacks". CNN. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  65. ↑ "Attaques à Paris : le point sur l'enquête et le déroulé des attaques". Le Monde. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  66. 1 2 "Attentats de Paris: le point sur l'enquête 24 heures après les faits". Le Figaro. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  67. 1 2 3 "Paris shootings: Casualties in city centre and explosion at the Stade de France". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  68. 1 2 Alter, Charlotte (13 November 2015). "Dozens Feared Dead in Night of Violence in Paris". Time. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  69. 1 2 Robinson, Joshua; Landauro, Inti (15 November 2015). "Paris Attacks: Suicide Bomber Was Blocked From Entering Stade de France". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  70. ↑ "How attacks in Paris unfolded". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  71. 1 2 Meichtry, Stacy; Robinson, Joshua; Kostov, Nick (15 November 2015). "Behind François Hollande's snap decision at Stade de France and the unfolding terror in Paris". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  72. ↑ "Paris terror attacks: Everything we know so far on Sunday morning". The Daily Telegraph. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  73. ↑ "Quick thinking may have averted massacre at Paris stadium". Yahoo news. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rawlinson, Kevin (13 November 2015). "Fatal shootings and explosion reported in Paris – live". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  75. 1 2 3 Nossiter, Adam; Gladstone, Rick (13 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Kill More Than 100, Police Say; Border Controls Tightened". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  76. 1 2 3 "At Least 35 Dead, More Than 100 Hostages Taken in Multiple Paris Attacks". Haaretz . 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  77. ↑ Sam Borden (14 November 2015). "As Paris Attacks Unfolded, Players and Fans at Soccer Stadium Remained Unaware". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  78. ↑ Hills, David (14 November 2015). "France players praised for staying with Germany team in Stade de France". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  79. ↑ Stanglin, Doug (13 November 2015). "At least 46 dead in attacks in central Paris". USA Today. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  80. 1 2 "Un an après, la France rend hommage aux victimes des attentats du 13 novembre 2015". Le Figaro.fr (in French). 13 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  81. ↑ "Attaques à Paris : le point sur l'enquête et le déroulé des attaques". Le Monde.fr (in French). ISSN   1950-6244. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  82. ↑ "Rue Bichat :"On pensait que c'étaient des pétards. C'étaient des scènes de guerre "". Le Monde. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  83. ↑ "Paris Attack Witness". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  84. 1 2 3 "Paris attacks: What we know". BBC News. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  85. 1 2 J. M. (13 November 2016). "Attentats du 13-Novembre : revivez les hommages aux victimes". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  86. ↑ Sulzer, Alexandre (14 November 2015). "A Nation, le kamikaze s'est fait sauter en passant la commande". L'Express. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chrisafis, Angelique (20 November 2015). "'It looked like a battlefield': the full story of what happened in the Bataclan". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 29 March 2024.
  88. ↑ "Mediapart - Les armes de la terreur". cdn.www.spiegel.de. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  89. 1 2 "What happened at the Bataclan?". BBC News. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  90. 1 2 3 Nossiter, Adam; Higgins, Andrew (13 November 2015). "'Scene of Carnage' Inside Sold-Out Paris Concert Hall". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  91. 1 2 "Paris attacks updates". BBC News. 13–14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  92. ↑ Andrew Higgins & Milan Schreuer (14 November 2015). "France Confronts 'Absolute Barbarity'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  93. ↑ "Singer for Eagles of Death Metal escapes Paris attack". Los Angeles: ABC 7. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  94. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (13 November 2015). "This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  95. ↑ Nyheter, SVT. "Den svenske terroristen". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  96. 1 2 "Attentat à Paris: Le récit du sauvetage des otages au Bataclan par la BRI". 20 Minutes. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  97. ↑ "Paris shooting: Several killed and injured after 'Kalashnikov and grenade attacks' across French capital". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  98. ↑ "Comment la BRI a mené l'assaut au Bataclan". francetv info (in French). 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  99. ↑ "Attaques terroristes à Paris: des dizaines de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété". Le Figaro . 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Selon plusieurs sources concordantes, l'assaut est terminé au Bataclan. Selon BFM-TV, deux terroristes auraient été tués.
  100. ↑ "Paris attacks: Bataclan hostage held for hours by attackers". BBC News.
  101. ↑ Rose, Rachel (2017). The Dog Lover Unit: Lessons in Courage From the World's K9 Cops. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. pp. 237–238. ISBN   978-1-250-11074-9. OCLC   967029672.
  102. ↑ Fansten, Emmanuel; Le Devin, Willy (14 November 2015). "Attentats: le pire des scénarios". Libération. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  103. ↑ Mozingo, Joe; Serrano, Richard A.; Chu, Henry; Finnegan, Michael (14 November 2015). "As Paris reels from night of terror, investigators seek origin of attackers". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  104. ↑ Love, Brian; Labbe, Chine (17 November 2015). Callus, Andrew; King, Larry (eds.). "Factbox – Dead killers, hunted suspects after Paris attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015. list of some of the seven attackers who died [...] Ismail Omar Mostefai, 29 (born 21 Nov. 1985), Frenchman of Algerian descent involved in Bataclan concert hall attack [...] Samy Amimour, 28 (born 15 Oct. 1987), involved in Bataclan attack. French, from Drancy, Saint Denis, north of Paris [...] Brahim Abdeslam, 31 (born 30 July 1984),[...] French, resident of Belgium. Blew himself up at Comptoir Voltaire café in Paris. [...] Bilal Hadfi, 20 (born 22 Jan 1995). Involved in Stade de France attack. [...] Suicide bomber involved in Stade de France attack. Passport found beside dead body of kamikaze bomber carries name of Ahmad Al Mohammad, 25, (born 10 Sept. 1990), from Idlib, northwest Syria.
  105. ↑ Tracqui, Antoine; Deguette, Céline; Delabarde, Tania; Delannoy, Yann; Plu, Isabelle; Sec, Isabelle; Hamza, Lilia; Taccoen, Marc; Ludes, Bertrand (2 November 2020). "An overview of forensic operations performed following the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015, in Paris". Forensic Sciences Research. 5 (3). Taylor & Francis Online: 202–207. doi:10.1080/20961790.2020.1811487. PMC   7646576 . PMID   33209503.
  106. ↑ "Attentats à Paris: Le groupe Etat islamique revendique les attaques de vendredi à Paris". 20 Minutes (in French). Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  107. ↑ "L'Etat islamique revendique les attentats de vendredi à Paris". liberation.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  108. ↑ Max Fisher (14 November 2015). "Here is ISIS's statement claiming responsibility for the Paris attacks". Vox. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  109. ↑ "Waleed Aly hits out at ISIS over Paris attacks, calls them weak". The Project . Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  110. ↑ "Paris attacks: Bloody atrocity signals shift in Isis strategy". Financial Times. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  111. ↑ "This is because of all the harm done by Hollande to Muslims". The New York Times. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  112. ↑ Ragan, Steve (15 November 2015). "After Paris, ISIS moves propaganda machine to Darknet". CSO Online. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  113. ↑ "The First Official Da'esh DARKNET Bulletin Board Has Arrived". Krypt3ia.wordpress.com. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  114. ↑ P. Cruickshank – Archived 13 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine published by CNN, 4 December 2015, retrieved 4 December 2015.
  115. ↑ "Paris concert gunman was French, known to have Islamist ties – source". Reuters. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  116. ↑ "Passport of Egyptian man belongs to victim, not attacker, officials say". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  117. ↑ Aurelien Breeden, Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura and Katrin Bennhold (16 November 2015). "Hollande Calls for New Powers to 'Eradicate' ISIS After Paris Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  118. ↑ Aurelien Breeden; Katrin Bennhold & Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura (17 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Suspect Was Target of Strikes on ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  119. ↑ Halliday, Josh; Bucks, Jonathan (18 November 2015). "Abdelhamid Abaaoud: what we know about the Paris attacks 'mastermind'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  120. ↑ "Suspected Mastermind of Paris Attacks Named". Sky News. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  121. 1 2 Anthony Faiola, Missy Ryan & Souad Mekhennet (18 November 2015). "Suspected architect of Paris attacks is dead, according to two senior intelligence officials". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  122. 1 2 Anthony Faiola, Missy Ryan & Daniela Deane (18 November 2015). "Suspected architect of Paris attacks is dead, according to two senior intelligence officials". MSN. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  123. 1 2 Reguly, Eric (19 November 2015). "Two dead, eight arrested after police raid Paris apartment in hunt for suspects". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Canada. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  124. 1 2 "How the planners of the 2015 Paris attacks were systematically eliminated – France 24". France 24. 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  125. ↑ "A discarded parking ticket in a car near the Bataclan leads detectives to Brussels". The Guardian. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  126. ↑ "Attentats à Paris: La police lance un appel à témoins" [Bombings in Paris: Police have appealed for witnesses]. 20 Minutes (in French). 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  127. ↑ "Prosecutor: 3 Paris attack suspects already known to Belgians". CNN. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  128. ↑ "Paris attacks: Latest updates". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  129. ↑ "French officials: Manhunt in Europe for at least one suspect 'directly involved' in Paris attacks". The Washington Post. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  130. ↑ "Brussels raids: Paris attack suspect Abdeslam 'arrested'". BBC World Service . 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  131. ↑ Aurelien Breeden & Michael Nossiter (15 November 2015). "Manhunt Underway as Investigation of Paris Attacks Widens". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  132. ↑ Doug Bolton (16 November 2015). "Salah Abdeslam's brother denies involvement in Paris attacks and says he has no idea where his brother is". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  133. ↑ "France begins to work out the identities of the Paris attackers". The Economist . 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  134. ↑ "Paris terror attacks: vigils held around the world as Parisians remain on edge – live updates". The Guardian. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  135. ↑ "Bavaria arrest raises suspicions about links to Paris attacks". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  136. 1 2 Henley, Jon (16 November 2015). "Paris attacks: French police launch raids as military strikes Isis in Syria". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  137. ↑ "Terror in Paris: What we know so far". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  138. ↑ "Paris attacks: France mobilises 115,000 security personnel". BBC News. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  139. ↑ Thomas, Leigh; Bon, Gerard (21 November 2015). "Tapped phone led Paris attack leader to his death". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  140. ↑ Samuel Osborne (20 November 2015). "Hasna Ait Boulahcen – Europe's first female suicide bomber – 'did not blow herself up'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  141. ↑ Bon, Gérard (15 January 2016). "French identify another Paris attacker via DNA from body parts". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  142. ↑ "Hasna Aitboulahcen est morte dans l'assaut, mais elle n'était pas kamikaze" [Hasna Aitboulahcen died in the assault, but she was not a kamikaze]. lexpress.fr (in French). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  143. ↑ "France finds explosive belt, detects Paris suspect's phone". Reuters UK. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  144. ↑ "Hollande and Obama to intensify anti-IS push". BBC News. 24 November 2015. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  145. 1 2 "Paris attacks: 'Key suspect Abrini' arrested". BBC News. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  146. ↑ Faiola, Anthony; Mekhennet, Souad (21 April 2016). "Tracing the path of four terrorists sent to Europe by the Islamic State". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  147. 1 2 3 Samuel, Henry (5 September 2016). "Mystery member of Paris attacks cell only captured in July despite posting on Facebook from Belgium". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  148. ↑ Dickson, Caitlin (5 September 2016). "Report: ISIS had bigger plans for Paris attacks". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  149. ↑ "Fabien Clain, la voix de l'État islamique" [Fabien Clain, the voice of the Islamic State]. MSN (in French). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  150. ↑ Emeline Cazi; Adrien Pécout (24 November 2015). "Jawad Bendaoud, a well known "landlord" in the streets of Saint-Denis". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Since his arrest on Wednesday, November 18, Jawad Bendaoud insists that he did not know the identity of his three recent "tenants" of 8, rue du Corbillon: Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the alleged instigator of the attacks of November 13, his cousin Hasna Aït Boulahcen, as well as a third man with an unknown identity. All killed during the RAID assault.
  151. ↑ "Attentats à Paris: le "logeur" des djihadistes du 13 novembre 2015 échappe aux assises". RTBF (in French). 8 September 2018. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017. In their order signed Wednesday, the investigating magistrates ordered that Jawad Bendaoud be tried for " concealment of terrorist criminals ", said the source, a crime punishable by a six-year prison sentence as he is in a state of recidivism .
  152. ↑ Engel, Richard; Schuppe, Jon (14 November 2015). "Responsibility For Paris Terror Attacks Remains Unclear". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  153. ↑ Riedel, Bruce (14 November 2015). "Modeled on Mumbai? Why the 2008 India attack is the best way to understand Paris". Brookings. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  154. ↑ Mehta, Nalin (15 November 2015). "What we can learn from Paris". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  155. ↑ Hafeez, Mateen (15 November 2015). "Why the 26/11 Mumbai strike and Paris attacks are similar". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  156. ↑ Gupta, Saurabh (14 November 2015). "In Paris, Investigators See a Rerun of Mumbai Tragedy". NDTV. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  157. ↑ Sen, Shawan (14 November 2015). "There is similarity between Mumbai 26/11 and Paris attacks: Mumbai Police". CNN-IBN. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  158. ↑ Tabassum Barnagarwala; Rashmi Rajput (15 November 2015). "Paris: In multiple attacks, targets, the timing, Mumbai victims, investigators see 26/11". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  159. ↑ "Signs Point to Unencrypted Communications Between Terror Suspects". The Intercept. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  160. ↑ "Le mémorial du " Monde " aux victimes des attentats du 13-Novembre". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017.
  161. 1 2 James, Mike (14 November 2015). "Names, nationalities of the dead emerge from Paris terror". USA Today. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  162. ↑ "KUNA : Algeria confirms two nat'ls among Paris attack victims". kuna.net.kw. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  163. ↑ Ait Abdellah, S. (11 November 2015). "Sebaa Djalal-Eddine, troisième victime algérienne des attentats de Paris" (in French). Ennahar. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  164. ↑ Bozonnet, Charlotte. "Djalal Sebaa, 31 ans". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  165. ↑ "Elif Dogan et Milko Jozic, deux Liégeois, ont perdu la vie dans les attentats de Paris" [Elif Dogan and Milko Jozic, two people from Liège, lost their lives in the Paris attacks]. La Meuse (in French). 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  166. ↑ "Two Egyptians Killed, One Severely Injured in Paris Attacks". Egyptian Streets. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  167. ↑ "Paris: Two Portuguese killed in terror attacks – Portugal". The Portuguese American Journal. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  168. ↑ "Ein Deutscher bei Attentaten von Paris getötet". Die Welt. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  169. ↑ "Anschläge in Paris: Zweites deutsches Todesopfer bestätigt". Der Spiegel. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  170. 1 2 3 4 "Paris attacks: Who were the victims?". BBC News. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  171. ↑ Agnese Ananasso (15 November 2015). "Strage Parigi, i parenti: Valeria Solesin tra le vittime del teatro Bataclan". la Repubblica. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  172. ↑ "Parigi, tra i feriti due italiani di Senigallia – l'Espresso". la Repubblica. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  173. ↑ "Dos mexicanas mueren en los ataques de Paris, una con doble nacionalidad espanola". The San Diego Union Tribune. 14 November 2015.
  174. ↑ The New York Times (20 November 2015). "Paris Victims, Remembered". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  175. ↑ "Confusión con el número de víctimas españolas en los atentados de París".
  176. ↑ "Dos mexicanas mueren en los ataques de Paris, una con doble nacionalidad espanola". The San Diego Union Tribune. 14 November 2015.
  177. ↑ Harress, Christopher (14 November 2015). "How Many People Died in Paris Shooting? Update on Mass Attacks in French Capital". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  178. ↑ "Paris attacks latest". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  179. ↑ "Guillaume B. Decherf a été tué hier au Bataclan" [Guillaume B. Decherf was killed yesterday at the Bataclan]. Les Inrockuptibles (in French). 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  180. ↑ "Nette augmentation des passages aux Urgences pour stress en Ile-de-France" (in French). Francetvinfo. 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  181. ↑ à 18h55, Par Timothée BoutryLe 15 juin 2019; À 07h10, Modifié Le 16 Juin 2019 (15 June 2019). "Suicide d'un rescapé du Bataclan : Guillaume, 131e victime du 13 novembre". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  182. ↑ Seelow, Soren (9 May 2024). "Cartoonist and Bataclan attack survivor Fred Dewilde dies by suicide". Le Monde . Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  183. ↑ "November 2015 Paris attacks: A trial like no other in France's history". France 24. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  184. ↑ "Paris attacks of 2015: The logistics behind a historic trial". France 24. 7 September 2021.
  185. ↑ Beardsley, Eleanor (7 September 2021). "The Paris Trial For The November 2015 Attacks Is Set To Begin On Wednesday". NPR.org. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  186. ↑ "20 convicted in Paris terrorist attacks trial: Who they are". Associated Press. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  187. ↑ Méheut, Constant; Breeden, Aurelien (29 June 2022). "20 Men Convicted in November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  188. ↑ "Salah Abdeslam sentenced to life in prison as 2015 Paris attacks trial winds up". France 24. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  189. ↑ "Bataclan survivor finds NFT of her X-ray for sale online". BBC News. 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  190. ↑ Caitlin Hu (14 November 2015). "ISIL supporters already have a hashtag for the bloody Paris attacks". Quartz. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  191. ↑ "Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France". The New York Times. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  192. ↑ "Paris Attacks: Mom, Daughter Pay Tribute to Victims, Make Sense of Terror". NBC News. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  193. ↑ "Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France". The New York Times. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  194. ↑ Fisher, David (14 November 2015). "France's Muslims strongly condemn Paris attacks". Archived from the original on 29 November 2015.
  195. ↑ "Attentats de Paris : les fédérations musulmanes dénoncent "une barbarie abjecte"". RTL. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  196. ↑ "Après les attentats à Paris, les musulmans appelés à réagir". Les Échos . Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  197. ↑ Celestine Bohlen (15 November 2015). "Parisians Fear Terror Attacks Will Divide, Not Unite, the City". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  198. ↑ Adam Nossiter & Liz Alderman (16 November 2015). "After Paris Attacks, a Darker Mood Toward Islam Emerges in France". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  199. 1 2 Liz Alderman (26 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Have Many in France Eager to Join the Fight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  200. ↑ Chappell, Bill (4 December 2015). "Cafe That Was Hit By Paris Terrorism Attack Reopens". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  201. ↑ "President Hollande: France will overcome the terrorists". CNN. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  202. ↑ Sharma, Swati (13 November 2015). "'It is horror': French President Hollande's remarks after Paris attacks". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  203. 1 2 3 "'It's a horror': Hollande orders French borders closed after Paris terror attack leaves at least 149 dead". National Post. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  204. ↑ "Attaques terroristes à Paris : une centaine de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété". Le Figaro . 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. La Mairie de Paris appelle les habitants de la capitale à rester chez eux
  205. ↑ "Hollande cancels trip to Turkey for G20 after attacks: presidency". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  206. ↑ "Attentats: Hollande décrète "trois jours de deuil national"". Europe 1. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  207. ↑ "Paris attacks: Hollande upstages opposition". BBC. 17 November 2015.
  208. ↑ "France publishes guide on how to survive a terrorist attack". The Globe and Mail . 4 December 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  209. ↑ Love, Brian; Callus, Andrew (4 December 2015). "France issues guide to surviving terrorist attack". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  210. ↑ "French inquiry calls for intelligence overhaul after Paris attacks". France 24. 5 July 2016.
  211. ↑ Assemblée Nationale (5 July 2016). "French Parliamentary commission's report". Assemblée National. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  212. ↑ "Une vingtaine de mosquées fermées depuis décembre, annonce Cazeneuve". Le Figaro. 1 August 2016. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
  213. ↑ "French jets bomb ISIS stronghold of Raqqa". CNN. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  214. ↑ "Le porte-avions " Charles-de-Gaulle " a appareillé en direction de la Méditerranée orientale" [Aircraft Carrier "Charles de Gaulle" Heading Towards Eastern Mediterranean]. Le Monde.fr. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  215. ↑ Floc'h, Benoît (20 November 2015). "Au centre de recrutement des armées :" Ce coup-là, c'est bon, je m'engage "". Le Monde . Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  216. ↑ Willsher, Kim (14 November 2015). "Front National has chance to take centre stage after Paris attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  217. ↑ "Minute de silence à la Sorbonne en présence du président Hollande". Le Monde.fr. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  218. ↑ Potter, Mitch (18 November 2015). "Hollande promises France will remain a country of freedom". Toronto Star. Toronto, Canada. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  219. ↑ Ishaan Tharoor (18 November 2015). "France says it will take 30,000 Syrian refugees, while U.S. Republicans would turn them away". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  220. ↑ Mayer, Lisa (27 November 2015). "France's National Front leader calls Canada's refugee plan 'madness'". CBC News. CBC/Radio Canada. Archived from the original on 1 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  221. ↑ Vivdon-White, Maya (26 November 2015). "France's far-right party surges on immigration, terror fears". Washington Times. Washington, DC, USA. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  222. ↑ "News/Current Events (News/Activism)". Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  223. ↑ "PM disappointed at Juncker's words about migration". The Prague Post. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  224. ↑ "Paris attacks: Latest updates – BBC News". www.bbc.com. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  225. ↑ "PM: UK Should Join France in Syria Strikes". Sky News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  226. ↑ "German parliament gives green light to air missions in Syria". euronews. 4 December 2015. Archived from the original on 6 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  227. ↑ "Germany to send up to 650 soldiers to Mali". dw.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  228. ↑ Rick Lyman & Alison Smale (15 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Shift Europe's Migrant Focus to Security". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  229. 1 2 "Paris Attacks Provoke Fresh Migrant Fears in Europe". The New York Times . Associated Press. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  230. ↑ Bloomberg and Associated Press (19 November 2015). "Paris attacks suspected mastermind killed in Saint-Denis raids". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  231. ↑ "EU agrees to tighten border checks". Sky News. 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  232. ↑ "Poland says it cannot accept migrants under EU quotas, following attacks in Paris". The Independent. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  233. ↑ "Poland says cannot take migrants under EU quotas without guarantees after Paris attacks". Reuters UK. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  234. ↑ Premier w internecie. Szydło: zaproponujemy Unii Europejskiej zmiany decyzji w sprawie uchodźców Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Kurier PAP 21 November 2015 05:31
  235. ↑ PM Szydło: we need to assess whether EU refugees decision was 'appropriate' Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Polskie Radio 21 November 2015 12:07
  236. ↑ Agence France-Press (16 November 2015). "Poland's new right-wing government takes hard line on migrants". Global Post. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  237. ↑ Agence France-Press (18 November 2015). "Polish PM slams EU policy as 'export of migrant problem'". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  238. ↑ Maurice, Eric (19 November 2015). "France confirms it will receive 30,000 refugees". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  239. ↑ Lopatka, Jan; Muller, Robert (20 November 2015). "Czech PM rebukes president for supporting anti-Islamic groups: paper". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  240. ↑ "U.S. reacts to Paris attacks; officials unaware of prior 'chatter'". Winston-Salem Journal. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  241. ↑ Murphy, Jack. "Breaking: French and German Police Knew Paris Attack Was Coming a Month Prior". SOFREP.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  242. ↑ "Man Arrested in Germany With Weapons in Car May Have Links To Paris Attacks". The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  243. ↑ Higgins, Andrew; DE FREYTAS-TAMURA, KIMIKO; BENNHOLDNOV, KATRIN (17 November 2015). "In Suspects' Brussels Neighborhood, a History of Petty Crimes and Missed Chances". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  244. ↑ Chan, Sewell; Schreuer, Milan (26 December 2015). "School's Warnings About Paris Attacker Were Not Passed On". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  245. ↑ "Italy arrests 'forger' over links to 2015 Paris attack". France 24. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  246. ↑ "Live updates: Attacks in Paris". The Washington Post. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  247. ↑ "Paris déploie son ' plan multi-attentats '". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Radio Canada. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  248. ↑ "Attaques simultanées à Paris: La Préfecture demande aux gens de "rester chez eux"". 20 Minutes. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  249. ↑ "Attaques à Paris : "Plan blanc" d'urgence et de crise à l'AP-HP". Europe 1. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  250. ↑ "American Airlines delays Paris flights". Reuters. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  251. ↑ A-J.C. avec AFP (14 November 2015). "Attaques à Paris : cinq lignes de métro coupées". europe1.fr. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  252. ↑ Megan Willett (13 November 2015). "Parisians Take to Twitter to Figure Out Transportation After Paris Attacks". Tech Insider . Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  253. ↑ "Communiqué à l'issue du Conseil des ministres" (Press release) (in French). Elysee. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Les écoles, lycées et établissements scolaires et universitaires seront fermés ce samedi
  254. 1 2 3 4 5 Victoria Shannon (14 November 2015). "Paris Attacks: What We Know and Don't Know". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  255. ↑ "Sporting events in Paris called off in wake of terror attacks". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  256. ↑ "ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Event in Bordeaux France cancelled". International Skating Union. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  257. ↑ Keslassy, Elsa (14 November 2015). "Disneyland Paris Closed in the Wake of Terrorist Attack". Variety. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  258. ↑ "Eiffel Tower reopens, lit in blue, white, red". USA Today . 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  259. ↑ "Paris attacks: Gigs cancelled as bands pay respects". BBC News. 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  260. 1 2 Ritter, Karl; Cook, Lorne (20 November 2015). "Death toll rises to 130 following Paris attacks". Toronto Star. Toronto, Canada. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  261. ↑ "COP21 climate marches in Paris not authorised following attacks". the Guardian. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  262. ↑ "Peaceful Paris climate gathering descends into clashes with police". the Guardian . 29 November 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  263. ↑ (in Dutch) 'Frankrijk trekt onvoldoende lering uit de aanslagen' ('France learns not enough from the attacks'). NRC Handelsblad, 12 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. François Heisbourg is cited as saying: "The state of emergency has now been extended twice, the last time until end of July 2016".
  264. 1 2 "Brussels in lockdown after terror threat level is raised to maximum". The Guardian. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  265. 1 2 "Brussels shutdown as manhunt for Paris fugitive Abdeslam continues". BBC News. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  266. ↑ "Paris attacks: Brussels on high alert". BBC News. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  267. 1 2 Higgins, Andrew; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (21 November 2015). "Brussels Placed at Highest Alert Level; Subway Is Closed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  268. 1 2 Jamieson, Alastair; Winter, Tom; Akyavas, Aziz; Lavanga, Claudio (21 November 2015). "Brussels on Terror Lockdown Amid Threat of Paris-Style Attack". NBC News. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  269. ↑ Benjamin Mueller & Michael S. Schmidt (14 November 2015). "Day After Paris Attacks, Familiar Fear Grips a Wary New York". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  270. ↑ "Cities in U.S. Increase Security After Paris Attacks". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  271. ↑ J. David Goodman (15 November 2015). "New York City Police Commissioner Says Attacks Will Force Changes in Tactics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  272. ↑ "Singapore raises alert level following Paris attacks: Shanmugam". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  273. ↑ Calica, Aurea (15 November 2015). "Noy vows highest security for APEC". The Philippine Star . Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  274. ↑
  275. ↑ "Wales joins minute's silence for victims". BBC News. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  276. ↑ "Minute's silence in UK to remember the 132 victims". City AM. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  277. ↑ "US House votes to suspend Syria refugee program Archived 16 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine ". Yahoo News. 19 November 2015.
  278. ↑ "More than half the nation's governors say Syrian refugees not welcome". CNN. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  279. ↑ Rose Troup Buchanan (14 November 2015). "Paris terror: Muslim leaders around the world condemn 'heinous' attacks". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  280. ↑ "Arab states condemn 'terrorist' Paris attacks". Al Arabiya. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  281. ↑ "Paris attacks 'crimes against humanity': Iran president". Yahoo! News. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  282. ↑ "Head of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community condemns Paris attacks and prays for victims". Khalifa of Islam. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  283. ↑ "France suffers from savage terror as Syrian people have been: Assad". Xinhua News Agency. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  284. ↑ Hugh Naylor (14 November 2015). "Syria's President Assad says Paris attacks result from France's aiding of rebels". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  285. 1 2 "Syria's Nusra Front backs Paris attacks, despite opposition to Islamic State". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  286. ↑ "Hezbollah chief denounces Paris attacks". Agence France-Presse. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  287. ↑ "Hamas, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad denounce Paris attacks". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  288. 1 2 "Bomb threat leads to cancellation of Germany-Netherlands 'freedom' football friendly". ABC News. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  289. 1 2 3 4 "'Five bombings planned' in Germany according to French intelligence dossier". The Telegraph. 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  290. 1 2 3 "Germany vs Netherlands match in Hannover cancelled following 'concrete threat made with plans for explosion'". The Independent. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  291. 1 2 3 "'Ambulance Truck Bomb' Scare at Hannover Stadium: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  292. ↑ "Air France plane — diverted to SLC after bomb threat — is cleared to leave for Paris". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  293. ↑ "'Serious plans for explosions' cancel Netherlands-Germany soccer match". CNN. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  294. ↑ "Shots in Brussels raid tied to Paris attacks". CNN. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  295. ↑ "Gunfire in Brussels raid on 'Paris attacks suspects'". BBC News. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  296. ↑ "Gunfire in Brussels after 'police raid on suspected terrorists'". The Independent. 15 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  297. ↑ "Belgian police hunt gunman after Brussels anti-terror raid". The Guardian. 15 March 2016. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  298. ↑ "'Shots fired' in new Brussels raids". BBC News. 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  299. ↑ "Belgian police checking if man detained is Paris terror attack suspect". CNN. 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  300. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (18 March 2016). "Paris attacks suspect Salah Abdeslam arrested in Brussels terror raid". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  301. ↑ Kennedy, Merrit (18 March 2016). "Paris Attacks Suspect Salah Abdeslam Is Captured During Raid in Brussels". NPR. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  302. ↑ "Fred Dewilde". Lambiek.net. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  303. ↑ Leicester, John (21 October 2016). "New graphic novel recounts Bataclan horror". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  304. ↑ "Mon Bataclan: le récit bouleversant d'un rescapé en bande dessinée". Lefigaro.fr. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  305. ↑ "Pierce The Veil Streaming Song Inspired By Paris Terror Attacks (a top story)::Pierce The Veil News ::antiMusic.com". www.antimusic.com. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  306. ↑ Greene, Steve (1 June 2018). "'November 13: Attack on Paris' Review: Netflix Docuseries Is a Shocking, Restrained Account of a National Tragedy". IndieWire . Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  307. ↑ Winocour, Alice (25 July 2023), Revoir Paris (Drama), Virginie Efira, Benoît Magimel, Grégoire Colin, Dharamsala, Darius Films, Pathé, retrieved 6 September 2023
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.