2015 al-Hawl offensive

Last updated
Al-Hawl offensive (2015)
Part of the Syrian Civil War and the American-led intervention in Syria
Al-Hawl and Sinjar offensives (2015) map.png
Map of the territorial changes during the concurrent offensives in Al-Hawl and Sinjar.
Date31 October – 30 November 2015
(4 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Eastern Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria
Result

Major SDF victory [1]

  • SDF forces capture Al-Hawl, [2] 240+ towns and villages, [3] 2 oil fields, [4] [5] two gas stations, the Regiment 121 base, [6] the South Hasakah Dam, [7] [8] six border posts, [9] and one hill [10] [11] [4] [12]
  • SDF forces capture 1,400 square kilometres (870 square miles) of territory [13]
Belligerents

Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg Syrian Democratic Forces
International Freedom Battalion original banner.svg International Freedom Battalion
Flag of YBS.svg Sinjar Resistance Units

Contents

Airstrikes :
Seal of Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF–OIR 		AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Commanders and leaders
YPJ Flag.svg Torhildan [14]
(YPJ commander)
People's Protection Units Flag.svg Haqi Kobani [15]
(YPG commander)
Flag of al-Sanadid Forces.svg Alwan al-Shammari [14]
(Al-Sanadid Forces commander)
Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg Adnan al-Ahmad [14]
(Northern Sun Battalion commander-in-chief)
Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg Adnan Abu Amjad [15]
(Northern Sun Battalion second-in-command) [16]
Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg Col. Talal Ali Sulo [17]
(Seljuq Brigade leader)
Flag of Jaysh al-Thuwar.svg Khalil Iskander [18]
(al-Qa'qa Brigade commander)
Syrian revolution flag.svg Qehreman [14]
(Al-Tahrir Brigade commander-in-chief)
MLKP Banner.svg Hêvî Sarya [19]
(MLKP commander)

AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Abu Ali al-Anbari
(Deputy, Syria)

AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Adam al-Chechani
(Top ISIL commander in Al-Hasakah Province) [20]
AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Unknown Dagestani ISIL leader  † [21]
Units involved

Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg Syrian Democratic Forces

International Freedom Battalion original banner.svg International Freedom Battalion

AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Military of ISIL

Strength
2,700+ fighters [26] [27] 1,000+ fighters [26]
Casualties and losses
33 killed [28] 493+ killed (per the SDF) [28]
4–8 civilians killed by CJTF–OIR airstrikes [28] [29]

The 2015 al-Hawl offensive was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in order to capture the strategic town of al-Hawl and the surrounding countryside from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The offensive consisted of separate operations in three different areas: Tell Brak, al-Hawl, and the southern al-Hasakah city countryside. [5]

Background

The offensive

Al-Hawl

The offensive was launched on 31 October 2015. [30]

During the first week of the offensive, SDF forces captured a number of villages and other positions from ISIL near Al-Hawl, and to the southeast of Al-Hasakah city. ISIL responded by detonating a number of VBIED's. One of those VBIED's targeted an SDF convoy, killing and wounding dozens of fighters. [31] A Canadian SDF fighter was among the SDF casualties that week. He was first reported to have been killed by an ISIL suicide bomber in a farm that was contested. However, it was later reported that he died due to blood loss caused by a bullet in his hip. A Dagestani ISIL leader was also killed that week. [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [21] [37] [38] [39] The SDF claimed that they were in control of 12 new villages since the start of the offensive. [9] [40] On 6 November, SDF forces captured the area around the village of Nazilah, including the Tishreen Oil Field. [41]

The second week started with SDF forces seizing parts of the Al-Hasakah–Al-Shaddadi road and two villages from ISIL. [42] By this time, the SDF forces had reportedly captured over 36 villages, 350 square kilometers of land, and killed 178 ISIL militants. [9] Two days later, SDF forces seized a hill and two vehicles from ISIL. [10]

On 11 November, the SDF continued its offensive and captured al-Khatuniyah, northeast of Al-Hawl, while also advancing in the southern countryside of Al-Hasakah city. [43] At least 7 SDF fighters were killed in the clashes. [44] The next day, SDF captured two villages and weaponry from ISIL, while at least 14 ISIL militants were killed by U.S. airstrikes. [11] [45]

On 13 November, SDF forces captured the town of Al-Hawl, killing dozens of ISIL militants and seizing large quantities of weapons and ammunition left behind. [2] [46]

On 14 November, SDF forces captured three villages around Mount Abdulaziz, and also advanced near the Tishreen Oil Field, while ISIL detonated an VBIED near Al-Hawl. [4] [47] On the next day, four ISIL militants and one SDF fighter were killed, while a new VBIED was detonated. [48] On 15 November, SDF forces captured Abu Hajirat Khuatana, Khuwaytilah, and the Al-Hawl Grain Silos, allowing the SDF to capture a pocket of ISIL-controlled area to the northwest of Al-Hawl. [5] [7] [49]

On 16 November, SDF forces captured the Al-Hawl Oil Field, to the southwest of Al-Hawl. [5] By 16 November, SDF forces had captured nearly 200 villages, reportedly seizing 1,362 square kilometres (545 square miles) of territory. According to the SDF, 493 ISIL militants, 33 SDF fighters, and four civilians were killed during the operation. [28]

Southern Al-Hasakah city countryside

On 17 November, SDF forces began advancing on the Regiment 121 base from the east. [5] On 22 November, SDF forces captured the Regiment 121 base, Khama'il, [50] the al-Melabiyyah granaries, the cotton factory, and the villages around it. [6]

During the next week, the SDF continued their offensive, advancing from the Regiment 121 base to the south, and from Al-Hawl towards the southwest, capturing multiple villages in the southern Al-Hasakah countryside and along the Sinjar-Al-Shaddadi road (Highway 47). [7] On 22 November, SDF reached the northern part of the South Hasakah Dam, [51] capturing the neighboring village of Taban. On 25 November, SDF forces captured the village of Ghunah, near the Jabisah Oil Field, to the southwest of Al-Hawl, and severing a segment of Highway 715. [7] On 30 November, SDF forces captured Umm Madhah, and they also captured the South Hasakah Dam and the nearby village of Qana, [7] bringing SDF forces within 25 kilometres (15.53 mi) of Al-Shaddadi from the north and the northeast. Eventually, it was revealed that the SDF had captured 240+ towns and villages during the entire operation. [3]

Aftermath

After the SDF captured the South Hasakah Dam on 30 November, the SDF continued their offensive southward, towards the city of Al-Shaddadi, ISIL's last stronghold in the Al-Hasakah Province. [1] [12] On 1 December, Arab tribal leaders were reportedly urging ISIL to withdraw from the city "peacefully," in order to prevent civilian casualties and the possible collapse of the economic infrastructure in Al-Shaddadi, if a destructive battle between the SDF/Coalition forces and ISIL were to occur. [12] It was also reported that ISIL was beginning to evacuate some of its positions near Al-Shaddadi, and that some ISIL militants were moving their families from the area to ISIL-held territories in the Deir ez-Zor Province, in preparation for the upcoming battle. [12]

On 7 December US airstrikes killed at least 36 civilians, including 20 children, in the town of al-Khan, near al-Hawl. [52] [53] [54]

On 14 December 2015, SDF forces began to heavily shell the ISIL headquarters in the town of Al-Arishah, in preparation for storming the town. [55] By 23 December, the SDF had captured the town of Al-Arishah. However, on 23 December, pro-Assad militias attacked the SDF headquarters in Al-Arishah, but the SDF was able to repel the attack. [56] The attack came after the pro-Assad militas had allegedly warned ISIL about a potential offensive on Al-Shaddadi, and urged civilians in Al-Shaddadi to resist any Kurdish offensive, earlier in the week. [56]

On 27 January 2016, it was reported that ISIL had banned civilians from leaving Al-Shaddadi, in an attempt to use them as human shields in the event of an SDF offensive on the city. It was also reported that food and other basic supplies were running out in Al-Shaddadi. [57] On 31 January 2016, the US-led Coalition bombed 3 ISIL checkpoints in their stronghold of Al-Shaddadi, killing 14+ ISIL militants. [3]

On 16 February 2016, the SDF launched an offensive to capture the strategic city of Al-Shaddadi and the surrounding countryside. [58]

On 19 February, the SDF captured Al-Shaddadi city and the surrounding countryside. [59] [60]

On 20 February, the SDF advanced further southward, capturing the town of Al-Fadghami.[ citation needed ] On February 21, SDF forces advanced further southward, coming within 16 kilometers (10 miles) of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, and capturing the town of Markada. [61] During the offensive, the SDF liberated 2,400 square kilometers (1,491 square miles) of land from ISIL forces. [62]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syriac Military Council</span> Assyrian/Syriac military organisation in Syria

The Syriac Military Council is an Assyrian/Syriac military organisation in Syria, part of the Syrian Democratic Forces. The establishment of the organisation was announced on 8 January 2013. According to the Syriac Military Council, the goal of the organisation is to stand up for the national rights of and to protect Assyrians in Syria. It operates mostly in the densely populated Assyrian areas of Al-Hasakah Governorate, and is affiliated to the Syriac Union Party.

Al-Shaddadah or al-Shaddadi is a town in southern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The town is the administrative center of the al-Shaddadah Subdistrict, which consists of 16 municipalities. At the 2004 census, al-Shaddadah had a population of 15,806.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rojava–Islamist conflict</span> Theater in the Syrian Civil War

The Rojava–Islamist conflict, a major theater in the Syrian civil war, started after fighting erupted between the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and Islamist rebel factions in the city of Ras al-Ayn. Kurdish forces launched a campaign in an attempt to take control of the Islamist-controlled areas in the governorate of al-Hasakah and some parts of Raqqa and Aleppo governorates after al-Qaeda in Syria used those areas to attack the YPG. The Kurdish groups and their allies' goal was also to capture Kurdish areas from the Arab Islamist rebels and strengthen the autonomy of the region of Rojava. The Syrian Democratic Forces would go on to take substantial territory from Islamist groups, in particular the Islamic State (IS), provoking Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</span> Military operation

The Eastern al-Hasakah offensive was launched in the Al-Hasakah Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, by the Kurdish-majority People's Protection Units, Assyrian Christian militias, and allied Arab forces against the jihadist Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, with the intent of retaking the areas of the Jazira Canton that had been captured by ISIL. Subsequently, the Syrian Armed Forces also launched an assault against the jihadists, without coordinating with the YPG.

Al-Hawl, also spelled al-Hole, al-Hol, al-Hool and al-Houl, is a town in eastern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria, under control of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. It is the administrative center of the Al-Hawl Subdistrict consisting of 22 municipalities. At the 2004 census, the town had a population of 3,409. Al-Hawl is the site of the Al-Hawl refugee camp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western al-Hasakah offensive</span> 2015 Kurdish military operation

The Western al-Hasakah offensive, dubbed Operation Commander Rûbar Qamishlo by the Kurds, was a military operation during May 2015 in the Al-Hasakah Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by Kurdish YPG and allied forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. On 31 May 2015, as most of the offensive operations in the western Al-Hasakah Governorate ended, the part of the offensive in the Ras al-Ayn District expanded into the Tell Abyad region, in the northern Raqqa Governorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Hasakah city offensive</span> 2015 battle between ISIL and Syria

The Al-Hasakah city offensive was launched during the Syrian Civil War by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant against the city of Al-Hasakah, which was held by both the Syrian Armed Forces and the Kurdish YPG.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tell Abyad offensive</span> May 2015 military operation of the Syrian Civil War

The Tell Abyad offensive or Martyr Rubar Qamışlo operation was a military operation that began in late May 2015 in the northern Raqqa Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War. It was conducted by the Kurdish-majority People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Free Syrian Army (FSA) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The offensive took place from the end of May until July 2015. The campaign was the second phase of the Kurdish Operation Commander Rûbar Qamishlo, which began with the Al-Hasakah offensive, and involved the merger of the Kobanî offensive with the former. The focus of the campaign was to capture the key border town of Tell Abyad, and to link the Kobanî and Jazira Cantons in Northern Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)</span> Battle between ISIL and Syrian Armed Forces

The 2015 Battle of al-Hasakah started as an offensive launched in the Al-Hasakah Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, in which the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) attempted to capture the city of Al-Hasakah, which was divided into two areas held separately by the Syrian Armed Forces and the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG). On 17 July, YPG-led forces captured all of the roads and villages surrounding Al-Hasakah, fully besieging the ISIL militants remaining inside of the city. On 28 July, YPG forces and the Syrian Army expelled ISIL from most of Al-Hasakah, with two ISIL pockets persisting near the Al-Zuhour District and the southern entrance. On 1 August, the city was fully cleared of ISIL fighters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tishrin Dam offensive</span> Military operation during the Syrian Civil War

The Tishrin Dam offensive, or Southern Kobanî offensive, was a military operation in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the strategic Tishrin Dam and the southern countryside of the self-declared Kobanî Canton from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve supported the SDF offensive with over 26 airstrikes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</span> Battle in 2016, during the Syrian civil war

The al-Shaddadi offensive (2016), also known as Operation Wrath of Khabur, was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in February 2016. The main goal of this offensive was to capture the strategic city of Al-Shaddadi and the remainder of the southern al-Hasakah Governorate from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). During the offensive, the US-led coalition conducted more than 86 airstrikes in Al-Shaddadi and the nearby areas, in support of the SDF advances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)</span> Raid by ISIS

The Battle of Tel Abyad was a raid by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on the YPG-held town of Tell Abyad at the end of February 2016, during the Syrian Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manbij offensive</span> 2016 military operation by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Aleppo Governorate, Syria

The Manbij offensive, code-named Operation Martyr and Commander Faysal Abu Layla by the SDF, was a 2016 military offensive operation by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and eventually, the ISIL-held areas through Al-Bab to Herbel, in the area referred to as the "Manbij Pocket" in the northern Aleppo Governorate. The main goal of the offensive was to cut off ISIL's last supply routes from Turkey, and to prevent ISIL fighters from escaping across the Syria-Turkey border. For the first five days of the offensive, the US-led coalition conducted over 55 airstrikes in support of the SDF. After capturing Manbij city on 12 August, the SDF announced that the offensive would continue until the whole countryside around Manbij was captured, though the offensive effectively ended shortly after the Turkish Armed Forces initiated Operation Euphrates Shield to prevent the SDF uniting the regions of Rojava.

The Northern Raqqa offensive was a 2016 military offensive launched by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in northern Raqqa Governorate, in order to prepare for a future attack on the city of Raqqa. The offensive was launched in coordination with airstrikes by the US-led Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve. After 30 May, the offensive stalled, as the SDF shifted its focus and resources to another operation in the northern Aleppo Province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)</span> Militar offensive

The western al-Bab offensive was a military operation launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the countryside of northwestern Aleppo Governorate, south of the towns of Mare' and Tel Rifaat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</span> 2016–17 military operation in Syria

The Raqqa campaign was a military operation launched in November 2016 during the Rojava–Islamist conflict by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Raqqa Governorate, with the goal of isolating and eventually capturing the Islamic State's capital city, Raqqa. The SDF's subsidiary goals included capturing the Tabqa Dam, the nearby city of al-Thawrah, and the Baath Dam further downstream. The campaign ended successfully in October 2017, with the capture of Raqqa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</span> Major battle in the Syrian civil war

The battle of Raqqa (2017), also known as the second battle of Raqqa, was the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (ISIL) with an aim to seize the city of Raqqa, the de facto capital of ISIL since 2014. The battle began on 6 June 2017, and was supported by airstrikes and ground troops from the US-led coalition. The operation was named the "Great Battle" by the SDF. It concluded on 17 October 2017, with the SDF fully capturing the city of Raqqa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Syria insurgency</span> Armed insurgency

The Eastern Syria insurgency is an armed insurgency being waged by remnants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and both pro and anti-Syrian government Arab nationalist insurgents, against the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), its military, and their allies in the US-led Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) coalition.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian civil war for 2021. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian civil war.

The following is a timeline of the Syrian civil war for 2022. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found in Casualties of the Syrian civil war.

References

  1. 1 2 "Inside The War Against Isis". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  2. 1 2 Master. "The Syrian Democratic Forces seize the town of al- Hol in the eastern countryside of al- Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 "U.S.-led coalition bombs ISIS main bastion in Syria's Hasakah". ARA News. February 2016. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 jack. "YPG and SRF advance over IS in Hasakah countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "SDF/YPG Offensive In East Hasakah". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  6. 1 2 Master. "SDF fighters seize the regiment of al- Melabiyyah and the nearby villages in the southern countryside of al- Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hasakah front: 1 December 2015". Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
  8. ↑ "Warplanes attack the countryside of Deir Ezzor, while the clashes continue in the countryside of al- Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 "Kurds, allied rebels regain dozens of villages after clashes with ISIS in Hasakah". ARA News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  10. 1 2 Master. "IS militants killed during the advancement of SDF fighters in al- Hol area". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  11. 1 2 Edward. "SDF advance further, and 9 ISIS members die in al-Hool area". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "As Kurdish-Arab alliance prepares to storm Shaddadi, tribal leaders ask ISIS to withdraw to avoid civilian casualties". ARA News. Archived from the original on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  13. ↑ "Qasioun News Agency - Sulo :493 fighters of ISIS killed during the military campaign in countryside of Hassaka". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "War on ISIS unites Syrian Kurds, Arabs and Christians". ARA News. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  15. 1 2 Zana Omar (19 November 2015). "New Fighting Alliance in Syria Putting up Fight Against IS". Voice of America . Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "SDF plays central role in Syrian civil war" (PDF). Jane's Intelligence Review . January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Hasan Mustafa. "An Analysis of Jaish al-Thuwar (The Army of Revolutionaries) – A Component of the Syrian Democratic Forces" . Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  18. 1 2 "Arab fighters: ready to fight until the liberation of all over Syria". Hawar News Agency . 18 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  19. 1 2 "MLKP Commander Sarya: Only a matter of time before we reach Hol". Etkin Haber Ajansı. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "ISIS media official, jihadi leaders killed in American strike north Syria". ARA News. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  21. 1 2 Edward. "Dagestani commander and 7 ISIS members died and SDF advance in al-Hool at Al-Hasakah province". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  22. ↑ Sardar Mlla Drwish (18 March 2016). "Raqqa brigade continues to raise flag of Syrian revolution". Al-Monitor . Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  23. ↑ "MLKP Komutanı Sarya: Hol'e ulaşmamız an meselesi". 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 9 July 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  24. ↑ "Devrimci Karargah da Hol hamlesine katıldı". Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  25. 1 2 3 "Al Hol is under control of Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and revolutionary forces !". 15 November 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  26. 1 2 "US-Supplied Syrian Rebels Win Back IS Territory". Voa News. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  27. ↑ "Syrian Democratic Forces to extend anti-ISIS operations". ARA News. Archived from the original on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "Syrian Kurdish-Arab alliance captures nearly 200 villages from IS". France 24. 27 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
  29. ↑ Master. "Airstrikes leave civilian casualties in the east of al- Hasakah city". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  30. ↑ "New U.S.-backed Syrian rebel alliance launches offensive against Islamic State". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  31. ↑ "Kurds, Arab allies hit hard by Islamic State car bomb". mcclatchydc. Archived from the original on 2015-11-03. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  32. ↑ Master. "SDF fighters achieve more advancement and arrest 3 IS militants". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  33. ↑ Master. "Syrian Democratic Forces advance again, and US-led coalition' warplanes hit Abo al- Hol area". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  34. ↑ Edward. "Violent continuous clashes in the countryside of Al-Hasakah and al-Hool and more casualties in al-Bokamal". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  35. ↑ jack. "The democratic Syrian forces advances over IS in Hasakah countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  36. ↑ Master. "10 IS militants killed in clashes in Abo al- Hol, while explosion targets the joint head of the Office of Legislative Council in al- Jazira District". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  37. ↑ Master. "A Canadian fighter in SDF killed in an explosion in Abo al- Hol area in the countryside of al- Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  38. ↑ jack. "Clashes in Aleppo and al-Hasakah countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  39. ↑ "John Gallagher Died Fighting the Islamic State. His Story Is More Than Tragedy". VICE News. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  40. ↑ ""قوات سوريا الديمقراطية" تسيطر على أربع قرى جديدة في الحسكة". Al Aan TV. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  41. ↑ "QSD على بعد 3 كم من حقل تشرين | ANHA". Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2018-09-18.
  42. ↑ Edward. "SDF advance again in the countryside of Al-Hasakah and warplanes target the southeastern countryside of Homs". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  43. ↑ jack. "SDF take control on al-Behera al-Khatonia in al-Hasakah countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  44. ↑ Edward. "More than 13 casualties in the clashes at the lands of Sluk town and al-Hool area in Al-Raqqah and Al-Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  45. ↑ Edward. "More casualties for ISIS in the vicinity of Mount Abdulaziz and targeting a Humvee vehicle near al-Hool". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  46. ↑ "Last 3 km to liberate Hol region in Hesekê". Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  47. ↑ Master. "A booby-trapped vehicle explodes in al- Hol area, while "Islamic State" carries out executions in the southern countryside of al- Hasakah". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  48. ↑ Edward. "ISIS members killed in the clashes at the eastern countryside of Al-Hasakah and airstrikes target several areas in the countryside of Idlib". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  49. ↑ "Twitter" . Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  50. ↑ "Kurdish-Arab alliance regains new villages from ISIS, heads to last jihadi stronghold in Hasakah". ARA News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  51. ↑ "Twitter" . Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  52. ↑ "US air strike kills 36 Syrian civilians, including 20 children".
  53. ↑ "Syria: U.S.-Led Air Strikes Targeting ISIS Kill 26 Civilians | Time". 8 December 2015.
  54. ↑ "Syria war: Air strikes 'kill 26 civilians'". BBC News. 7 December 2015.
  55. ↑ "Western-backed Syrian Democratic Forces bomb major ISIS stronghold". ARA News. 14 December 2015. Archived from the original on December 16, 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  56. 1 2 "Pro-Assad militias attack positions of western-backed Syrian Democratic Forces in Hasakah". ARA News. 23 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  57. ↑ "ISIS holds thousands of civilians hostage in Syria's Shaddadi". ARA News. 27 January 2016. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  58. ↑ "حملة غضب الخابور لتحرير منطقة الشدادي - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  59. ↑ "Syria: ISIL stronghold of al-Shadadi 'captured by Kurdish-led forces'". euronews. 19 February 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  60. ↑ "Syrian Democratic Forces announce liberation of last ISIS bastion in Hasakah". ARA News. 20 February 2016. Archived from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  61. ↑ "QSD'ê 16 km ji Şeddadê derbaz bû". Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  62. ↑ "بيان القيادة العامة لقوات سوريا الديمقراطية بخصوص تحرير منطقة الشدادي - قوات سوريا الديمقراطية". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2016.

36°23′24″N41°08′52″E / 36.3899°N 41.1477°E / 36.3899; 41.1477

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.