Monreal Stones

Last updated
Monreal Stones
Monreal stone.jpg
Smaller Monreal stone.png
The Monreal Stones displayed at the Baybayin section of the National Museum of Anthropology
Material limestone
Created17th century CE (inscriptions)
Discovered15 March 2011
Monreal, Ticao Island, Masbate, Philippines
Discovered byVirgie Almodal
Present location National Museum of the Philippines
Culture Filipino

The Monreal Stones (Filipino: Mga Batong Monreal), also referred to as the Ticao stones, are two limestone tablets that contain Baybayin characters. Found by pupils of Rizal Elementary School on Ticao Island in Monreal, Masbate, who had scraped the mud off their shoes and slippers on an irregular-shaped limestone tablet before entering their classroom, these are now housed in a section of the National Museum of Anthropology. The large, triangular stone weighs 30 kilos, is 11 centimeters thick, 54 cm. long and 44 cm. wide. The smaller stone is oval-shaped and is 6 cm. thick, 20 cm. long and 18 cm. wide. [1] [2] The National Museum held a Baybayin conference to present the Monreal Stones to the public on 13 December 2013. [3]

The dating and authenticity of the stones are still under discussion, [4] however initial examination has revealed that the inscriptions could not have been made earlier than the 17th century due to the usage of the Baybayin vowel deleter introduced in 1621 by the Spanish friars. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tagalog language</span> Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines

Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority. Its standardized form, officially named Filipino, is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of two official languages, alongside English.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baybayin</span> Ancient Philippine writing system

Baybayin, erroneously known historically as alibata, is a Philippine script widely used primarily in Luzon during the 16th and 17th centuries to write Tagalog and to a lesser extent, Kampampangan, Ilocano, and several other Philippine languages. An abugida belonging to the family of the Brahmic scripts, its use was gradually replaced by the Latin alphabet during the Spanish colonization, though it has since seen a limited modern usage in the Philippines. The script is encoded in Unicode as Tagalog block since 1998 alongside Buhid, Hanunoo, and Tagbanwa scripts. The Archives of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila holds the largest collection of extant writings using Baybayin.

Filipinoorthography specifies the correct use of the writing system of the Filipino language, the national and co-official language of the Philippines.

Tagalog grammar are the rules that describe the structure of expressions in the Tagalog language, one of the languages in the Philippines.

The Abakada alphabet was an "indigenized" Latin alphabet adopted for the Tagalog-based Wikang Pambansa in 1939.

The 29th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the inclusion of a new category, Essay/Sanaysay, for both the English and Filipino Divisions.

The 41st Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.

The 44th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the inclusion of a new category, Dulang Pampelikula [Screenplay], for the Filipino Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sambal language</span> Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines

Sambal or Sambali is a Sambalic language spoken primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba, in the Pangasinense municipality of Infanta, and areas of Pampanga in the boundary with Zambales in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Panitian, Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag of Puerto Princesa. The speakers of the language are decreasing due to the fact that many of the speakers are shifting to Tagalog and Ilocano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lope K. Santos</span> Filipino writer, poet, activist, and politician

Lope K. Santos was a Filipino Tagalog-language writer and former senator of the Philippines. He is best known for his 1906 socialist novel, Banaag at Sikat and for his contributions to the development of Filipino grammar and Tagalog orthography.

"Sa Aking Mga Kabatà" is a poem about the love of one's native language written in Tagalog. It is widely attributed to the Filipino national hero José Rizal, who supposedly wrote it in 1868 at the age of eight. There is not enough evidence, however, to support authorship by Rizal and several historians now believe it to be a hoax.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Arevalo</span> Filipino actor (1938–2023)

Robert Ylagan Arevalo was a veteran Filipino film and television actor.

Efren Reyes Abueg is a well-known and recognized Filipino-language creative writer, editor, author, novelist, short story writer, essayist, fictionist, professor, textbook writer, and anthologist in the Philippines. His works appeared on magazines such as Liwayway, Bulaklak, Tagumpay, Mod, and Homelife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines</span>

The Bible has been translated into multiple Philippine languages, including Filipino language, based on the Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines.

Lumbay ng Dila is a novel written by Filipino author Genevieve L. Asenjo published in 2010. The novel is set mainly in Antique in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines and it tells the story of Sadyah Zapanta – Lopez. It received a special citation for Excellence in Fiction in a Philippine Language in the Juan C. Laya Prize in the 2011 Philippine National Book Awards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limestone tombs of Kamhantik</span> Archaeological site in Quezon, Philippines

The Limestone Tombs of Kamhantik is an excavated remains of a thousand-year-old barangay found in the jungles of Mount Maclayao in Sitio Kamhantik within the Buenavista Protected Landscape of Mulanay, Quezon, Philippines. It is widely believed that pre-colonial Tagalog people were responsible for the creation of the tombs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archaeology of the Philippines</span>

The archaeology of the Philippines is the study of past societies in the territory of the modern Republic of the Philippines, an island country in Southeast Asia, through material culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte</span>

The following is a timeline of protests against Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines, and his policies. Issues were addressed in the protests including the war on drugs, employment issues, anti-terror law, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lázaro Francisco y Angeles, also known as Lazaro A. Francisco was a Filipino novelist, essayist and playwright. Francisco was posthumously named a National Artist of the Philippines for Literature in 2009.

<i>Itutumba Ka ng Tatay Ko</i> 2024 Philippine action comedy film by Janno Gibbs

Itutumba Ka ng Tatay Ko is a 2024 Philippine action comedy film directed by Janno Gibbs and produced by Viva Films. It stars Gibbs and Xia Vigor in lead roles. The film was released theatrically on January 24, 2024, in the Philippines.

References

  1. Escandor, Juan (July 3, 2014). "Muddied Stones Reveal Ancient Scripts". inquirerdotnet.
  2. Borrinaga, Rolando O., Romancing the Ticao Stones: Preliminary Transcription, Decipherment, Translation, and Some Notes (PDF)
  3. Bautista, Angel P. "National Museum Hosts Second Baybayin Conference" . Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  4. Guillermo, Ramon (2012). "Ang proseso ng transkripsiyon ng mga inskripsiyon sa mga Bato ng Ticao". Social Science Diliman (in Tagalog). 8 (1): 28. Posible ring hindi kailanman matitiyak ang awtentisidad o pagpepetsa ng mga ito ayon sa kasiyahan ng lahat. Maaaring maging kapalaran nito ang katulad ng 'Calatagan Pot' na pinaliligiran ng walang katapusan at hindi maubos na tanong.
  5. POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019). Baybayin, the Syllabic Alphabet of the Tagalogs. Lulu.com. p. 115. ISBN   9780244142414. but an examination reveals that they cannot be earlier than the 17th century because in the excerpt shown here, the letter nga (frames 1 and 3) has the /a/-deleter cross that Father LOPEZ introduced in 1621, and this cross is quite different from the diacritic placed under the character ya to represent the vowel /u/: /yu/ (frame 2).