Task force overview | |
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Formed | December 4, 2018 [1] |
Jurisdiction | Philippines |
Task force executives |
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Parent department | Office of the President |
Key document |
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Website | www |
The National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) is a task force organized by the government of the Philippines in 2018 as part of its "Whole-of-Nation approach" to respond to and raise awareness about ongoing communist armed conflicts in the Philippines, [1] [2] after the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte formally terminated peace talks between the Philippine government and the New People's Army in November 2017. [1] [3]
This section provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(February 2024) |
The National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) was formed on December 4, 2018, pursuant to Executive Order No. 70 issued by President Rodrigo Duterte [4] which institutionalized the government's "whole-of-nation" approach in tackling the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines led by the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA). The "whole-of-nation" approach is contrasted to prior policy which favored irregular peace talks with communist rebels. [2] The executive order was announced to the public on December 10. [4]
The formation of the NTF-ELCAC followed the formal termination of peace talks between the Philippine government and the NPA when President Rodrigo Duterte issued Presidential Proclamation 360 on November 23, 2017, citing continued attacks by the NPA despite the then ongoing peace negotiations. The CPP and NPA were likewise formally designated as terrorist organizations by the government. [5]
The NTF-ELCAC is composed of 12 operational clusters or lines of effort administered by various relevant government agencies: [6]
Regional (RTF-ELCAC), provincial (PTF-ELCAC), city (CTF-ELCAC), municipality (MTF-ELCAC), and barangay (BTF-ELCAC) task forces have been formed to implement at the local level the NTF-ELCAC's whole-of-nation approach. [7]
The NTF-ELCAC maintains a campaign against the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines, as well as against groups that it claims to be front organizations of the communist group. [8] It maintains that it has the duty to warn the public against "dubious groups with links to communist terrorist organizations". [9] The task force's allegations has been criticized as an act of "red-tagging". The NTF-ELCAC on its part falsely claim that the term "red-tagging" was invented by the CPP-NPA [10] and the usage of such term is a move to discredit the task force's allegations. [8]
Among the notable groups the NTF-ELCAC has alleged to be a communist rebel front is the Makabayan bloc, whose members were elected to the House of Representatives. The allegations of the NTF-ELCAC is an "official stance" of the task force. [8] The NTF-ELCAC also made the same accusation against left-wing human rights organization Karapatan, which filed a lawsuit against the task force for violations against Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity in response. [11]
The NTF-ELCAC's also conducted background checks on organizers of community pantries set up by volunteers as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic for possible links to the CPP-NPA, [12] which led to calls to defund the NTC-ELCAC. [13] [14] [15]
The Barangay Development Program (BDP) is a socioeconomic program of the NTF-ELCAC for barangays that have been deemed free from communist rebel influence by the national government. It is described by the task force as an approach to address the root causes of insurgency such as "hunger, disease, poverty, injustice and hopelessness" so that the communities would be less susceptible to fall under the influence of the communist insurgents. [16] [17] The government identified as eligible for the program 822 remote conflict-ridden barangays classified as "geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs)" cleared from communist insurgency influence. [18] The CPP has downplayed the BDP, calling it a "band-aid solution" and believed that the program does not satisfy the "fundamental demand for genuine land reform and the clamor for respect of ancestral lands". [19] The BDP was allotted a ₱2.6 billion budget under the 2024 General Appropriations Act; [20] as of August 2024 [update] , the Department of the Interior and Local Government stated that none of NTF-ELCAC's 885 BDP projects in 2024 have been completed. [20]
The Balik Loob Program provides a mechanism for former communist rebels who surrendered to the government to reintegrate to mainstream society. [21]
The Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP) is a program established through Administrative Order No. 10 signed by President Duterte on April 3, 2018. Under the program, the Department of the Interior and Local Government provides a package of financial, livelihood, and reintegration assistance, as well as firearms remuneration to rebel and extremist surrenderers, [22] [23] including their families and communities. [24] As of April 2023, there were 37,413 former rebels and former violent extremists who availed of the program since its inception. [25]
The NTF-ELCAC was created as a government organization under the Office of the President of the Philippines with the Philippine president serving as its chairman, and the National Security Advisor as its vice chairman. Other members include: [4]
The NTF-ELCAC has eight spokespersons, each dedicated to certain matter/s. [26] Prior to May 10, 2021, the task force only had two spokespersons. There are plans to have additional spokespersons to cover each of the Philippines' regions. [27]
Official | Official designations and agency | Coverage |
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Vacant | n/a | Security Sector Operations |
Lorraine Marie Badoy | Undersecretary, New Media and External Affairs | Social Media Affairs, Sectoral Concerns |
Jonathan Malaya | Undersecretary, Plans, Public Affairs and Communication | Local Government Affairs, Barangay Development Program |
Severo Catura | Undersecretary, Presidential Human Rights Committee Secretariat | International Affairs, Peace Process, Human Rights Concerns |
Jose Joel Sy Egco | Undersecretary, Presidential Task Force on Media Security | Mass Media Engagement, Fact-Checker |
Vacant | n/a | NTF-ELCAC Public Affairs and Information Youth Concerns |
Marlon Bosantog | Regional Director, Cordillera Autonomous Region Regional Director, Caraga Region National Commission on Indigenous Peoples | Legal Affairs, Indigenous Peoples Concerns |
Gaye Florendo | National Commission on Indigenous Peoples | Assistant spokesperson on NTF-ELCAC Public Affairs and on Indigenous Peoples Concerns |
Some officials who served under the NTF-ELCAC face complaints before the Office of the Ombudsman and the Commission on Elections. In December 2020, Karapatan alleged in a complaint that Duterte supporter and NTF-ELCAC spokesperson Lorraine Badoy-Partosa is criminally and administratively liable for her "persistent, relentless and malicious red-tagging and vilification" of Karapatan. [11] Also named in the complaint was then-NTF-ELCAC spokesperson Lt. Gen. Antonio Parlade. [11]
In March 2022, left-wing partylist members Kabataan Rep. Sarah Jane Elago, GABRIELA Rep. Arlene Brosas, and ACT Rep. France Castro filed criminal complaints against Badoy and nine other NTF-ELCAC executives for electioneering and allegedly violating the Omnibus Election Code. [28] The complaints cited two separate statements issued by the NTF-ELCAC: On March 14, Badoy alleged that presidential candidate Leni Robredo made a pact with the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army-National Democratic Front (CPP-NPA-NDF); On March 21, Badoy released a statement alleging that Kabataan, Anakpawis, Bayan Muna, ACT Teachers, and Gabriela are "urban operatives" of the CPP-NPA-NDF. [28] The complaint contends that the statements constitute "political advertisement" or "election propaganda". [28]
Journalist and Nobel Prize laureate Maria Ressa filed in 2022 an administrative complaint against Badoy at the Office of the Ombudsman over posts calling Ressa a "sociopath" and a "master bullshitter". The complaint alleges that Badoy’s posts violated the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials. The complaint contends that the posts were "malicious and defamatory remarks which transgress boundaries of professional decorum and protocol". [29] [30]
In 2022, the National Union of People's Lawyers filed a motion with the Court of Appeals to declare Badoy in contempt of court after Badoy interviewed on SMNI retired army general Jovito Palparan, who was convicted of kidnapping and illegal detention in 2018. [30]
In 2021, some Philippine senators suggested to defund the NTF-ELCAC in response to Parlade's red-tagging of community pantries during the COVID-19 pandemic; Parlade later called the senate proponents "stupid", for which he was censured by at least 15 senators. [31] Presidential candidate and labor leader Leody de Guzman also called for the abolition of the NTF-ELCAC if he were elected. [32]
In November 2023, the United Nations Special Rapporteur (UNSR) on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change Ian Fry called for the abolition of the NTF-ELCAC and the repeal of the Philippine Anti-Terror Law. [33] Fry said that the NTF-ELCAC's red-tagging of environmental human rights defenders and Indigenous peoples violates the rights to life and free expression. [34] Council of Leaders for Peace Initiatives and other peace advocacy groups supported the call to abolish the NTF-ELCAC, [35] while the NTF-ELCAC vice chair Eduardo Año rejected the call deeming the UNSCR report "incomplete" inviting the UNSR to have "clarificatory engagement" with the NTF-ELCAC. [36]
The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Opinion Irene Khan, during her visit to the Philippines in February 2024, called on the government to abolish the NTF-ELCAC, which she said had red-tagged human rights and humanitarian workers, teachers and health professionals, youth leaders, church leaders, and Indigenous rights defenders. [37] In response, National Security Council Assistant Director General and spokesperson Jonathan Malaya rejected the recommendation, saying the "NTF-ELCAC has been the game-changer in the government's fight against communist terrorism". [38]
In April 2024, human rights organization Amnesty International called for the NTF-ELCAC's abolition, citing the need to end red-tagging and the alleged abuse of the Anti-Terror Law, which Amnesty International said are being used to link media and human rights workers to the communist insurgency. [39]
After the Supreme Court ruled in May 2024 that red-tagging threatens a person's right to life, liberty, or security, Human Rights Watch and Karapatan called on President Bongbong Marcos to abolish the NTF-ELCAC. Marcos rejected the calls for abolition, saying the task force was instrumental in reducing the country's internal security threat. [40] [41]
The New People's Army is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). It acts as the CPP's principal organization, aiming to consolidate political power from what it sees as the present "bourgeois reactionary puppet government" and to aid in the "people's democratic revolution". Founded on March 29, 1969, by the collaboration of Jose Maria Sison and former members of the Hukbalahap led by Bernabe Buscayno, the NPA has since waged a guerrilla war based on the Maoist strategy of protracted people's war. The NPA is one of the key figures in the ongoing communist rebellion in the Philippines, the longest ongoing conflict in the country.
The Communist Party of the Philippines is a far-left, Marxist–Leninist–Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968. It is designated as a terrorist group by the United States Department of State together with Sison and its armed wing New People's Army (NPA) in 2002. The European Union renewed its terrorist designation on the organization in 2019, though a 2009 ruling by the EU's second highest court delisted Sison as a "person supporting terrorism" and reversed a decision by member governments to freeze assets. According to the US' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook, the CPP and the NPA aims to destabilize the Philippines' economy and overthrow the national government.
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino, the ruling political party in the Philippines during his presidency. Duterte is the first president of the Philippines to be from Mindanao, and is the oldest person to assume office, beginning his term at age 71.
The New People's Army rebellion is an ongoing conflict between the government of the Philippines and the New People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). It is the world's longest ongoing communist insurgency and the largest, most prominent communist armed conflict in the Philippines, with more than 43,000 insurgency-related fatalities between 1969 and 2008. Due to the involvement of the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP), the legal wing of the CPP, in the conflict, it is also called the CPP–NPA–NDF conflict, or simply the C/N/N conflict, especially in the context of peace talks with the Philippine government.
The following is the timeline of events of CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion, a conflict between the government of the Philippines, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), the New People's Army (NPA) and the National Democratic Front (NDF).
Kabataan, also known as the Kabataan Partylist and formerly known as Ang Nagkakaisang Kabataan Para sa Sambayanan, is a partylist in the Philippines affiliated with the leftist political coalition Makabayan. It is currently represented by Raoul Manuel at the Philippine Congress since 2022. According to its website, the partylist represents the youth sector, and aims to "galvanize the Filipino youth’s unity for social change," believing that the youth should "devote its intellect, energy, and courage to building a new society devoid of corruption, inequality, and social injustice."
Delfin Negrillo Lorenzana, OLH, KGOR is a retired Philippine Army general who served as Chairman of the Bases Conversion and Development Authority from 2022 until September 2024. He previously served as Secretary of National Defense in the Cabinet of President Rodrigo Duterte from 2016 to 2022. He served in the Philippine Army from 1973 to 2004.
SMNI News Channel, known on-air as SMNI News, is a Philippine far-right religious free-to-air news and public service television network based in Makati. It is owned and operated by Swara Sug Media Corporation, the parent company of Sonshine Media Network International, a broadcasting arm of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ (KJC) led by Filipino televangelist and religious leader, Apollo Quiboloy.
Benito Tiamzon was a Filipino political organizer and until his arrest in March 2014 by Philippine security forces, was believed to be the Chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA).
The Negros killings were a series of targeted assassinations carried out by unidentified gunmen in the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental in the Philippines. Some of the victims involved were suspected communists or sympathizers. Following the killings, Memorandum Order No. 32 was signed by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea on November 23, 2018, upon the orders of President Rodrigo Duterte deploying additional troops to the provinces of Negros Oriental, Negros Occidental, Samar, and the Bicol Region to "suppress sporadic acts of violence" allegedly committed by lawless groups and to "prevent such violence from spreading and escalating elsewhere in the country." Even after the memorandum was signed, the incidence of killings continued. According to the Defend Negros Movement, the first recorded extrajudicial killing on Negros Island was Alexander Ceballos on January 20, 2017. The group also alleged that at least 84 persons have been killed since 2017.
In the Philippines, red-tagging is the labeling of individuals or organizations as communists, subversives, or terrorists, regardless of their actual political beliefs or affiliations. It is a type of harassment and has pernicious effects on its targets. Red-tagging has been practiced by security forces, government officials or shills.
Eufemia Campos Cullamat, also known as Ka Femia, is a Filipina farmer, activist, and politician. She was a member of the Philippine House of Representatives for the 18th Congress under the Bayan Muna party-list group. She is the second Manobo to serve in Congress after former Cotabato Representative Nancy Catamco.
The Student Christian Movement of the Philippines (SCMP) is a youth ecumenical national democratic mass organization in the Philippines. It aims to uphold students rights and participates in numerous local and worldwide peoples' advocacies. As with other SCMs around the world, SCMP is a member of the World Student Christian Federation. In the Philippines, it is an associate member of the National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP) and Kalipunan ng Kristiyanong Kabataan sa Pilipinas (KKKP). It is also a member and a founding organization of Kabataan Partylist.
Community pantries in the Philippines are food banks established by Filipinos during the country's COVID-19 community quarantine.
Keith Absalon, a collegiate footballer who played for the FEU Tamaraws in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and his cousin, Nolven, were killed when they ran over an explosive, reportedly a landmine or an improvised explosive device, that was set up by the New People's Army (NPA) in June 2021 in Masbate City, Philippines.
Antonio Gumba Parlade Jr. is a former Filipino military officer who retired as commander of the Armed Forces of the Philippines Southern Luzon Command in 2021, and was best known for his combative terms as spokesman for the Philippine Army before he was removed from that post in 2011, and later, as spokesperson of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC).
The New Bataan massacre occurred when five Lumad teachers and community workers and their two drivers were killed in Barangay Andap, New Bataan, Davao de Oro, Philippines, on February 24, 2022. The ones who were killed were Chad Booc, Gelejurain "Jurain" Ngujo II, Elegyn Balonga, Tirso Añar, and Robert Aragon—collectively termed as 'New Bataan 5'. Family members, advocacy groups and activists, and politicians have described the event as a massacre, while the Armed Forces of the Philippines asserted that what happened was an encounter between the forces of New People's Army (NPA) and the 10th Infantry Division of the AFP. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) said that there were no NPA units in the area at the time of the event.
Chad Errol Ramirez Booc was a Filipino volunteer Lumad teacher. He was known as an activist vocal on-ground and in social media.
Lorraine Marie Tablang Badoy-Partosa, better known as Lorraine Badoy and sometimes also called Lorraine Partosa, is a Filipino physician, government official, and political figure best known for having been one of the spokespersons of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict, and for being involved in various controversies relating to the practice of red-tagging in the Philippines.