Luis Jalandoni | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Occupation(s) | Priest, activist, |
| Known for | Chairman of National Democratic Front of the Philippines |
| Spouse | Coni Ledesma (m. 1974) |
Luis "Louie" G. Jalandoni is the chairman of the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP). A former Catholic priest he established the Christians for National Liberation in the 1970s.
Jalandoni hails from a wealthy family in Silay, Negros Occidental. [1] He would become a Roman Catholic priest in Negros. He also donated farmlands he inherited from his family in the 1960s to landless workers. [2]
In 1972, Jalandoni was involved in the establishment of Christians for National Liberation. The NDFP credits Jalandoni for his role of involving Catholic and Protestant faithful to the Communist movement. He was arrested by the authorities in the following year with nun Coni Ledesma. [2] They were released in mid-1974. [3]
He went to exile in the Netherlands. He became a close aide of Communist leader Jose Maria Sison. [4]
From 1989 to 2016, Jalandoni served as the chief peace negotiator for the Communist rebels in negotiations with the Philippine national government. [2]
The Anti-Terrorism Council during the tenure of president Rodrigo Duterte in mid-2022 designated Jalandoni as a terrorist. [5] [6] The International League of Peoples' Struggle has advocated for the removal of said designation. [7]
Jalandoni is married to Maria Consuelo "Coni" Ledesma, a former nun and school principal. [1] Jalandoni was released from priesthood in 1974 and Ledesma received her dispensation in December 1972. The two formally got married on December 19, 1974, in Mandaluyong, with the rite presided by then newly instated cardinal Jaime Sin. [3]
Jalandoni is a naturalized citizen of the Netherlands, where he resides. [8]
The New People's Army, abbreviated NPA or BHB, is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP). It acts as the CPP's principal organization, aiming to consolidate political power from what it sees as the present "bourgeois reactionary puppet government" and to aid in the "people's democratic revolution". Founded on March 29, 1969, by the collaboration of Jose Maria Sison and former members of the Hukbalahap led by Bernabe Buscayno, the NPA has since waged a guerrilla war based on the Maoist strategy of protracted people's war. The NPA is one of the key figures in the ongoing Communist rebellion in the Philippines, the longest ongoing conflict in the country.
The Communist Party of the Philippines is a far-left, Marxist–Leninist–Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968. It is designated as a terrorist group by the United States Department of State together with Sison and its armed wing New People's Army (NPA) in 2002. The European Union renewed its terrorist designation on the organization in 2019, though a 2009 ruling by the EU's second highest court delisted Sison as a "person supporting terrorism" and reversed a decision by member governments to freeze assets. According to the US' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook, the CPP and the NPA aims to destabilize the Philippines' economy and overthrow the national government.
Jose Maria Canlas Sison, also known as Joma, was a Filipino writer, poet, and activist who founded and led the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy—which would be known as National Democracy. His ideology was formed by applying Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to the history and circumstances of the Philippines.
The National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP) is a coalition of revolutionary social and economic justice organizations, agricultural unions, trade unions, indigenous rights groups, leftist political parties, and other related groups in the Philippines. It belongs to the much broader National Democracy Movement and the communist rebellion in the Philippines.
Bienvenido L. Lumbera was a Filipino poet, critic and dramatist. Lumbera is known for his nationalist writing and for his leading role in the Filipinization movement in Philippine literature in the 1960s, which resulted in his being one of the many writers and academics jailed during Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime. He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communications in 1993, and was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for literature in 2006. As an academic, he is recognized for his key role in elevating the field of study which would become known as Philippine Studies.
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Alberto Ramento y Baldovino was the ninth supreme bishop and a former chairperson of the Supreme Council of Bishops of the Philippine Independent Church or Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI). He was known by the moniker, "The Bishop of the Poor Peasants and Workers".
The Second Great Rectification Movement refers to a 1992 ideological campaign initiated by the leadership of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) wherein an effort was made to "identify, repudiate and rectify the errors of urban insurrectionism, premature big formations of the New People's Army and anti-infiltration hysteria". The rectification movement resulted in the once monolithic Filipino communist party fragmenting into at least eight warring factions during the 1990s.
Antonio Maria "Tony" Onrubia Nieva was a Filipino journalist, union organizer, and activist. He worked to defend press freedom and the rights of workers, and campaigned to end authoritarian rule in the Philippines. He led the National Press Club as president and founded the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines. He was secretary general of the International Organization of Journalists based in Prague, Czech Republic, from 1995 up to the time of his death in 1997. His name is on the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Wall of Remembrance, for his contributions to the fight against injustices of the dictatorship under President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Religious sector opposition against the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos included leaders and workers belonging to different beliefs and denominations.
In the Philippines, red-tagging is the labeling of individuals or organizations as communists, subversives, or terrorists, regardless of their actual political beliefs or affiliations. It is a type of harassment and has pernicious effects on its targets. Red-tagging has been practiced by security forces, government officials or shills.
Fidel V. Agcaoili, also known as Ka Fidel, was a Filipino activist and revolutionary. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Philippines' Central Committee, along with Jose Maria Sison and Luis Jalandoni during the Marcos dictatorship. In 1974, he was arrested and became the longest detained political prisoner under Marcos, being imprisoned for 11 years. On his release, Agcaoili founded the Samahan ng mga Ex-Detainee Laban sa Detensyon at Aresto (SELDA), a prisoners' rights organization.
Antonio De Leon Zumel II, also known by his nicknames Tony, Manong, Ching and Antumel, was a Filipino journalist, activist, and leftist revolutionary. He was two-time President of the National Press Club of the Philippines before going underground in 1972 at the start of the Marcos dictatorship. In 1990, he was elected Chairperson of the National Democratic Front of the Philippines in absentia, and was a senior adviser to the NDFP negotiating panel from 1994 until his death in 2001.
Rafael Ledesma Jalandoni was a Philippine Constabulary officer who served as the 3rd Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He was appointed by President Manuel Roxas in 1946 after gaining independence from United States. He retired in 1948. He served as an aide of President Manuel L. Quezon in pre-war years.
Urban areas in the Philippines such as Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao have large informal settlements. The Philippine Statistics Authority defines a squatter, or alternatively "informal dwellers", as "One who settles on the land of another without title or right or without the owner's consent whether in urban or rural areas". Squatting is criminalized by the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, also known as the Lina Law. There have been various attempts to regularize squatter settlements, such as the Zonal Improvement Program and the Community Mortgage Program. In 2018, the Philippine Statistics Authority estimated that out of the country's population of about 106 million, 4.5 million were homeless.
Revolution Selfie: The Red Battalion is a 2017 documentary film that follows director Steven de Castro in travelling to the Philippines to meet with the New People's Army. The film is notable for being shot almost entirely from first-person point of view in part simulated video gameplay.
The Christians for National Liberation is an underground revolutionary mass organization in the Philippines committed to uniting Christians in the struggle for national democcracy. A member of the National Democratic Front of the Philippines it supports the armed struggle waged by the New People's Army and led by the Communist Party of the Philippines.
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