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| Constitution |
 Iraqportal |
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 29 April 1939 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. [1] [2]
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| Constitution |
| Iraqportal |
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 29 April 1939 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. [1] [2]
Following pressure from army generals and Nuri al-Said, Prime Minister Jamil al-Midfai resigned on 24 December 1938. [3] [4] Al-Said subsequently formed a new government, but MPs who were still loyal to al-Midfai tried to force a vote of no confidence. King Ghazi stepped in and dissolved the Parliament on 23 February 1939. In March, al-Said declared that there was a plot to depose Ghazi and assassinate key political leaders. The plot was linked to Bakr Sidqi's loyalists; al-Said used the incident to carry out a purge of army officers and leftist groups.
On 4 April 1939 Ghazi died in a car accident. [5] [6] [7] [4] [8] Crown Prince Faisal was too young to ascend to the throne, and it was unclear who would assume the position of regent. The dismissed Parliament was reconvened, and Queen Aliya bint Ali testified that it was Ghazi's desire to appoint her brother 'Abd al-Ilah as regent. Many were doubtful about the accuracy of this statement. However, based on her testimony, Parliament elected Abd al-Ilah as regent. The decision was strongly supported by al-Said, who considered Abd al-Ilah an ally. It had previously been decided that fresh elections should be held in the spring of 1939 and al-Said saw this as an opportunity to consolidate power.
Following the elections on 29 April, the new parliament convened on 12 June with al-Said's bloc having won an absolute majority. [1] [2] Al-Said remained Prime Minister and succeeded in introducing regulations that gave the executive branch more power. [9] The regulations enabled the government to censor the media, request supplies, and issue decrees and administrative regulations without parliamentary approval.
At the beginning World War II, the al-Said government severed relations with Germany, removed German officials from Baghdad and allowed British forces to use Iraqi lands in accordance with the Anglo-Iraqi treaty. However, it did not declare war on Germany to maintain neutrality. [7] [4] [9] These measures aggravated the opposition, which considered this policy to be pro-British and a breach of Iraq's neutrality.
Political tension was rising and al-Said was forced to resign. Under pressure from army generals, a coalition government was formed by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani on 18 February 1940. [4] [7] [8] [9] [10] The new government adopted a foreign policy that was less favorable to Britain, and to some extent more sympathetic to Germany. However, al-Gaylani was forced to resign by the regent and al-Said, and a more moderate government was formed by Taha al-Hashimi on 3 February 1941. This government did not last for long, and on 1 April an ultra-nationalist group of army generals overthrew the government in a coup d'état, subsequently forming a military government headed by al-Gaylani. Abd al-Ilah and al-Said both fled Baghdad. Parliament convened and elected Al-Sharif Sharaf to replace Abd al-Ilah as regent. [11] [12] Tensions soon escalated between the al-Gaylani government and the United Kingdom, which led to the Anglo-Iraqi War. [4] [7] [8] [9] [10] British forces occupied Baghdad by the end of May and Abd al-Ilah and al-Said returned to Iraq. Parliament reinstated Abd al-Ilah as a regent. A few months later, al-Said formed a new government, which remained in power until June 1944.
Ghazi ibn Faisal was King of Iraq from 1933 to 1939 having been briefly Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Syria in 1920. He was born in Mecca, and was the only son of Faisal I. He died in a car crash in 1939.
Nuri Pasha al-Said CH was an Iraqi politician during the Mandatory Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq. He held various key cabinet positions and served eight terms as Prime Minister of Iraq.
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (Al-Gailani) was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq on three occasions: from March to November 1933, from March 1940 to February 1941 and from April to May 1941. He is chiefly remembered as an ardent Arab nationalist and Arab fascist who attempted to remove British influence from Iraq by starting a coup against the government in 1941. During his brief tenures as prime minister in 1940 and 1941, he attempted to negotiate settlements with the Axis powers during World War II to counter British influence in Iraq.
Taha al-Hashimi was an Iraqi politician and served as Prime Minister of Iraq in 1941.
Jamil Al Midfai was an Iraqi politician. He served as the country's prime minister on five separate occasions.
Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz was a cousin and brother-in-law of King Ghazi of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and was regent for his nephew King Faisal II, from 4 April 1939 to 23 May 1953, when Faisal came of age. Abd al-Ilah also held the title of Crown Prince of Iraq from 1943 to 1953.
Bakr Sidqi al-Askari was an Iraqi general of Kurdish origin, born in 1890 and assassinated on 11 August 1937, in Mosul.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was a state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958.
Aliya bint Ali of Hejaz, was an Arabian princess and a queen consort of Iraq. She was the spouse and first cousin of King Ghazi of Iraq and the queen mother of King Faisal II of Iraq. She was the second and last Queen of Iraq.
Faisal II was the last King of Iraq. He reigned from 4 April 1939 until July 1958, when he was killed during the 14 July Revolution. This regicide marked the end of the thirty-seven-year-old Hashemite monarchy in Iraq, which then became a republic.
The 1936 Iraqi coup d'état, also known as the Bakr Sidqi coup, was initiated by general Bakr Sidqi in order to overthrow Prime Minister Yasin al-Hashimi of the Kingdom of Iraq. The coup succeeded in installing Sidqi's ally Hikmat Sulayman as the new prime minister, while Sidqi was de facto ruler of Iraq as powerful Chief of Staff. Bakr Sidqi's reign would be short; he was assassinated the next year in Mosul, and Sulayman was obliged to resign his post.
Sharif Abd al-Ilah Pasha ibn Muhammad was a sharif of the Awn clan who was briefly proclaimed Sharif and Emir of Mecca in 1882. He was appointed again in 1908 but died before reaching Mecca.
Rustam Haidar was an Iraqi politician of Lebanese descent who served as Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of Iraq from 1930 to 1932 and from 1938 to 1940. He also was an aide to King Faisal I, Defense Minister, and Finance Minister of Iraq. Rustam Haidar is considered an important figure in the history of the modern Iraqi state and worked in many Iraqi ministries despite being of Lebanese origin. Joining the forces of Faisal I, he was a companion of the young emir throughout his life until his death during a trip to Switzerland. Seven years later, Haidar was subjected to a mysterious assassination and was buried next to King Faisal I at the Iraqi Royal Cemetery in Baghdad.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 20 October 1930 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. For every twenty thousand male citizens, one Member of Parliament was elected to the Chamber of Deputies (Majlis an-Nuwwab), the dominant chamber of Parliament over the Senate. It was the third election since the establishment of the parliament.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq in 1925, the first under the 1925 constitution. After the elections, Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun became Prime Minister for the second time and founded the Progress Party to support the government and gain a parliamentary majority.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq in 1933 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. Although the Government Bloc led by incumbent Prime Minister Naji Shawkat won the most seats, it quickly disintegrated after the elections, allowing Rashid Ali al-Gaylani to become prime minister.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 6 December 1934 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 4 August 1935 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq between 10 December 1936 and 20 February 1937 to elect the members of Chamber of Deputies of Iraq.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 18 December 1937 to elect the members of Chamber of Deputies.
