Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens

Front cover of an Iraqi passport design

Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Iraq.

As of 2024, Iraqi citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 31 countries and territories, ranking the Iraq passport 105th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. ^[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens holding ordinary passports

  Iraq

  Visa not required

  Visa on arrival

  eVisa

  Visa available both on arrival or online

  Visa required

Visa requirements

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan	Visa required [2]
Albania	eVisa [3] [4]
Algeria	Visa required [5]
Andorra	Visa required [6]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
Angola	Visa required [7]
Antigua and Barbuda	eVisa [8] [9]	30 days	Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
Argentina	Visa required [10]
Armenia	eVisa [11] [12]
Australia	Online Visa required [13] [14]		May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
Austria	Visa required [15]
Azerbaijan	Visa required [16]
Bahamas	eVisa [17]
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival [18]	14 days
Bangladesh	Visa required [19]
Barbados	Visa required [20]
Belarus	Visa required [21]
Belgium	Visa required [22]
Belize	Visa required [23]
Benin	eVisa [24] [25]	30 days
Bhutan	eVisa [26] [27]		Holders of an application for a tourist visa can obtain a visa on arrival.
Bolivia	Online Visa [28] [29]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa required [30]		Visa not required for 30 days if holding multiple-entry visa issued by Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland (Rep.), Monaco, Romania, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State.
Botswana	eVisa [31] [32]	3 months
Brazil	Visa required [33]
Brunei	Visa required [34]
Bulgaria	Visa required [35]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
Burkina Faso	eVisa [36] [37]
Burundi	Visa on arrival [38]	1 month
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival [39] [40]	30 days
Cameroon	eVisa [41] [42]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival. [43]
Canada	Visa required [44]
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival [45]	3 months
Central African Republic	Visa required [46]
Chad	Visa required [47]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Chile	Visa required [48]
China	Visa required [49]
Colombia	Online Visa [50] [51]		Online visa application available.
Comoros	Visa on arrival [52]	45 days
Republic of the Congo	Visa required [53]		Visa not required if passengers have a V.I.P invitation letter.
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa [54] [55]	7 days	Passenger with a letter (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security can obtain a visa on arrival.
Costa Rica	Visa required [56]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the United States and Canada.
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa [57] [58]	3 months
Croatia	Visa required [59]		Croatia embassy in Baghdad.
Cuba	Visa required [60]		Eligible to travel to Cuba with a tourist card only without visa if hold a valid visa or permanent residence permit issued by Canada, the United States or an EU member state.
Cyprus	Visa required [61]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
Czech Republic	Visa required [62]
Denmark	Visa required [63]
Djibouti	eVisa [64] [65]	90 days
Dominica	Visa not required [66]	21 days	Visa free for a maximum stay of 6 months for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
Dominican Republic	Visa required [67]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States and Canada.
Ecuador	Visa required [68]
Egypt	Visa required [69]		Iraqi citizens with visa or residence cards from Europe or the United States, Canada, Britain and Australia can visit Egypt without a visa.
El Salvador	Visa required [70]
Equatorial Guinea	eVisa [71] [72]
Eritrea	Visa required [73]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Estonia	Visa required [74]
Eswatini	Visa required [75]
Ethiopia	Visa required [76] [77]		Credit card payment transactions are not accepted when applying for e-Visa.
Fiji	Visa required [78]
Finland	Visa required [79]
France	Visa required [80]
Gabon	eVisa [81] [82]	90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
Gambia	Visa required [83]		Visa not required if Passengers traveling as tourists on a charter flight.
Georgia	Visa required [84]
Germany	Visa required [85]
Ghana	Visa required [86]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Greece	Visa required [87]		Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at the Greek Embassy in Baghdad
Grenada	Visa required [88]
Guatemala	Visa required [89]
Guinea	eVisa [90] [91]	90 days
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival [92]	90 days
Guyana	Visa required [93]		Those travelling as tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days provided holding a letter of invitation from sponsor or host.
Haiti	Visa not required [94]	3 months
Honduras	Visa required [95]
Hong Kong	eVisa [96]
Hungary	Visa required [97]
Iceland	Visa required [98]
India	Visa required [99]		Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at the Indian embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil.
Indonesia	Visa required [100]		Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at the Indonesian embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil.
Iran	Visa not required [101]		Visa cancellation between Iran and Iraq came into force on October 26, 2021
Ireland	Visa required [102]
Israel	Visa required [103]		Confirmation from Israeli Foreign Ministry is required before a visa is issued.
Italy	Visa required [104]
Jamaica	Visa required [105]
Japan	Visa required [106]		Embassy and Consulate of Japan in Baghdad & Erbil
Jordan	Visa required [107]		Visa on arrival if having an official "Businessmen card" issued by Jordan or an official letter confirming the attendance to a conference or workshop. Visa on arrival holding a residence permit issued by a country whose citizens can obtain a visa on arrival(except Lebanon) for 1 month maximum stay. Visa on arrival if traveling for medical treatment for Female or Male older than 50 years and younger than 15 years.
Kazakhstan	Visa required [108]		Visitors arriving from a country without Kazakh representation and holding an invitation letter, can obtain a single entry visa on arrival for a max. stay of 1 month.
Kenya	Electronic Travel Authorisation [109] [110]	90 days	Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
Kiribati	Visa required [111]
North Korea	Visa required [112]
South Korea	Visa required [113]
Kuwait	Visa required [114]		Passengers with a confirmation that a visa has been approved before departure can collect their original visa at immigration counter.
Kyrgyzstan	eVisa [115] [116]	60 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Manas International Airport or Osh Airport or through land crossings with China (at Irkeshtam and Torugart), Kazakhstan (at Ak-jol, Ak-Tilek, Chaldybar, Chon-Kapka), Tajikistan (at Bor-Dobo, Kulundu, Kyzyl-Bel) and Uzbekistan (at Dostuk).
Laos	Visa required [117]
Latvia	Visa required [118]
Lebanon	Free visa on arrival [119]	30 days	Extendable for 3 months.
Lesotho	eVisa [120] [121]
Liberia	Visa required [122]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Libya	Visa required [123]
Liechtenstein	Visa required [124]
Lithuania	Visa required [125]
Luxembourg	Visa required [126]
Macau	Visa required [127]
Madagascar	Visa on arrival [128]	60 days
Malawi	eVisa [129] [130]	90 days
Malaysia	Visa not required [131]	30 days
Maldives	Free visa on arrival [132]	30 days
Mali	Visa required [133]
Malta	Visa required [134]
Marshall Islands	Visa required [135]
Mauritania	Visa on arrival [136]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius	Visa required [137]
Mexico	Visa required [138]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Japan.
Micronesia	Visa not required [139]	30 days
Moldova	Visa required [140]		Citizens holding a residence permit or a valid visa issued by one of the member states of the European Union or one of the parties to the Schengen Agreement can apply for an electronic visa. [141] Invitation letter holders may apply for a visa electronically.
Monaco	Visa required [142]
Mongolia	Visa required [143]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Montenegro	Visa required [144]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States.
Morocco	Visa required [145]
Mozambique	eVisa / Visa on arrival [146] [147]	30 days
Myanmar	Visa required [148]		Passengers with a letter of approval issued by the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism can obtain a visa on arrival
Namibia	Visa required [149]
Nauru	Visa required [150]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Nepal	Visa required [151]
Netherlands	Visa required [152]
New Zealand	Visa required [153]		Iraqi S series passports are unacceptable, and visas will not be endorsed in them. [154] Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure. [155]
Nicaragua	Visa required [156]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United States and Canada.
Niger	Visa required [157]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Nigeria	eVisa [158] [159]	90 days	Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided holding a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and holding an invitation letter from Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities.
North Macedonia	Visa required [160]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 15 days for valid visa holders of the Schengen Area member states.
Norway	Visa required [161]
Oman	Visa required [162]
Pakistan	ETA / Online Visa [163] [164]	30 days / 3 months	Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes. [165] Online Visa eligible. [166]
Palau	Free visa on arrival [167]	30 days
Panama	Visa required [168]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 30 days for valid visa holders or residents of Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.
Papua New Guinea	eVisa [169] [170]	60 days	Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
Paraguay	Visa required [171]
Peru	Visa required [172]
Philippines	Visa required [173]
Poland	Visa required [174]		Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at the Indian embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil.
Portugal	Visa required [175]		Portugal does not have an embassy in Iraq. Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at VFS GLOBAL IN BAGHDAD AND ERBIL.
Qatar	eVisa [176] [177]		Visitors may apply for a visa on the Hayya website.
Romania	Visa required [178]		Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at the Romanian embassy in Baghdad or the consulate in Erbil. Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.
Russia	Visa required [179]
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival [180] [181]	30 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	eVisa [182] [183]
Saint Lucia	Visa required [184]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa required [185]
Samoa	Visa not required [186]	60 days
San Marino	Visa required [187]		Same rules as for Italy. No border control but accessible only via Italy.
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa [188] [189]		Holders of a visa issued by the United States or a Schengen area member state do not require a visa for stays up to 15 days.
Saudi Arabia	Visa required [190]
Senegal	Visa required [191]		Visa not required for Passengers with an official invitation letter.
Serbia	Visa required [192]		Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States.
Seychelles	Electronic Border System [193] [194]	3 months	Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel. Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles. Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card. Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
Sierra Leone	eVisa [195] [196]	3 months
Singapore	Visa required [197]
Slovakia	Visa required [198]
Slovenia	Visa required [199]
Solomon Islands	Visa required [200]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Somalia	Visa on arrival [201]	30 days	Available at Bosaso, Galcaio and Mogadishu airports.
South Africa	Visa required [202]		South Africa does not have an Embassy in Iraq. Iraqi Citizens can apply for visa at the SOUTH AFRICAN EMBASSY IN AMMAN .
South Sudan	eVisa [203] [204]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
Spain	Visa required [205]		Iraqi citizens can apply for visa at the Spanish embassy in Baghdad. Iraqi citizens can also apply for visa at Alvaro Travel Company in Erbil.
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival [206] [207]	60 days / 30 days	The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period. [208] Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
Sudan	Visa required [209]		Passengers with an "Entry Permit" issued by the Sudanese Ministry of Interior can obtain a visa on arrival.
Suriname	Visa not required [210] [211]	90 days	An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival. [212] Multiple entry e-Visa is also available. [213]
Sweden	Visa required [214]
Switzerland	Visa required [215]
Syria	Visa not required [216] [217]
Tajikistan	eVisa [218] [219]	60 days	Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Tanzania	Visa required [220]
Thailand	Visa required [221]
Taiwan	Visa required [222]
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival [223]	30 days
Togo	eVisa [224] [225]	15 days
Tonga	Visa required [226]
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa required [227]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Tunisia	Visa required [228]		Visa not required for passengers traveling on an organized tour.
Turkey	Visa required [229]		Holders of a valid visa or residence permit from Schengen area countries, Ireland, the United Kingdom or the United States can apply for e-visa at Airports only.
Turkmenistan	Visa required [230]
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival [231]	1 month
Uganda	eVisa [232] [233]	3 months	Determined at the port of entry.
Ukraine	Visa required [234]
United Arab Emirates	Visa required [235]		May apply using 'Smart service'. [236]
United Kingdom	Visa required [237]
United States	Visa required [238]
Uruguay	Visa required [239]
Uzbekistan	Visa required [240]		Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
Vanuatu	Visa required [241]
Vatican City	Visa required [242]		Schengen Visa Required. Entry can be made from Italy exclusively.
Venezuela	Visa required [243]
Vietnam	eVisa [244] [245]		e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry. Prearranged visa obtained online through travel agencies available at Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu Quoc or Da Nang airports. Phú Quốc – visa exemption for up to 30 days.
Yemen	Visa required [246]
Zambia	Visa not required [247]	90 days	For tourism purposes only.
Zimbabwe	eVisa [248] [249]	3 months

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. ^[250] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year ^[251] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana. ^[252]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. ^{[253] [254]}

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens ^{[255] [256]} or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled). ^[257]

Some countries, such as Japan, ^[258] Ireland and the United Kingdom, ^[259] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, ^[260] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, ^[261] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, ^[262] Philippines, ^[263] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam. ^[264]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives ^[265] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, ^[266] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata , banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. ^[267]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait, ^[268] Lebanon, ^[269] Libya, ^[270] Syria, ^[271] and Yemen ^[272] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017 ^[update] ) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.^{[ citation needed ]}

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside. ^[273]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan, ^{[274] [275]} Argentina, ^[276] Brunei, Cambodia, ^[277] China, ^[278] Ethiopia, ^[279] Ghana, Guinea, ^[280] India, Japan, ^{[281] [282]} Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), ^[283] Malaysia upon entry and departure, ^[284] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, ^[285] Singapore, South Korea, ^[286] Taiwan, Thailand, ^[287] Uganda, ^[288] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation), ^{[289] [290] [291]} intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa. ^[292]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports ^[293] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa. ^{[294] [295]}

See also

• Iraq portal

• Visa policy of Iraq
• Iraqi passport
• Foreign relations of Iraq

References and Notes

References

1. "Global Passport Ranking".
2. Visa information , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
3. Visa regime for foreign citizens , Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
4. "Albania eVisa".
5. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
6. Travel to Andorra , Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
7. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
8. Countries exempt from visa , Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
9. "Antigua and Barbuda eVisa".
10. Visa regime , National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
11. Visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
12. "Armenia eVisa".
13. Visitor visa options , Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
14. "Australia Subclass 600".
15. Schengen visa , Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
16. Countries with visa-free travel regime , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
17. eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas , Government of the Bahamas
18. Bahrain eVisas , Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
19. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
20. Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
21. Visa-free travel , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
22. Visa for Belgium , Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
23. Do you need a visa to travel to Belize? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
24. Visa , Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
25. "Benin eVisa".
26. Visa , Tourism Council of Bhutan.
27. "Bhutan eVisa".
28. Requirements to enter Bolivia , General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
29. "Bolivia Online Visa".
30. Visas , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
31. Requirements for visa application , Government of Botswana.
32. "Botswana eVisa".
33. Visas to travel to Brazil , Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
34. Country category for visa application , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
35. Visa for Bulgaria , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
36. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
37. "Burkina Faso eVisa".
38. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
39. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
40. "Cambodia eVisa".
41. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
42. "Cameroon eVisa".
43. Passengers with a confirmation that a visa has been approved before departure and issued by "Le Delegue General de la Surete" can obtain a visa on arrival
44. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
45. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
46. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
47. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
48. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
49. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
50. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
51. "Colombia Online Visa".
52. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
53. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
54. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
55. "DR Congo eVisa".
56. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
57. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
58. "CI eVisa".
59. Visa requirements overview , Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
60. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
61. Visa policy , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
62. List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
63. Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries , Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
64. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
65. "Djibouti eVisa".
66. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
67. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
68. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
69. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
70. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
71. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
72. "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
73. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
74. Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
75. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
76. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
77. "information".
78. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
79. Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland , Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
80. Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements , Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
81. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
82. "Gabon eVisa".
83. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
84. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
85. Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany , Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
86. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
87. Countries requiring or not requiring a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
88. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
89. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
90. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
91. "Guinea eVisa".
92. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
93. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
94. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
95. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
96. Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017. Electronic Services for Visa Application , Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
97. Countries that do not need a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
98. Who does not need a visa , Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
99. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
100. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
101. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
102. Countries that need a visa for Ireland , Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
103. Tourist visa table , Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
104. Visa for Italy , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
105. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
106. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
107. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
108. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
109. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
110. "Kenya eTA".
111. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
112. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
113. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
114. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
115. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
116. "Kyrgyzstan eVisa".
117. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
118. Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
119. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
120. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
121. "Lesotho eVisa".
122. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
123. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
124. Visa , Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
125. Do I need a visa? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
126. Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days , Government of Luxembourg.
127. Immigration Clearance of Non-residents of Macao , Macao SAR Government Portal.
128. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
129. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
130. "Malawi eVisa".
131. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
132. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
133. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
134. Who requires a visa? , Identity Malta.
135. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
136. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
137. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
138. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
139. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
140. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
141. "Moldova eVisa".
142. Before you leave , Monaco Government Tourist Office.
143. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
144. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
145. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
146. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
147. "Mozambique eVisa".
148. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
149. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
150. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
151. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
152. Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less) , Government of the Netherlands.
153. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
154. "A2.15 Unacceptable travel documents". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
155. "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved May 21, 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
156. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
157. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
158. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
159. "Nigeria Immigration Services".
160. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
161. Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway , Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
162. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
163. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
164. "Pakistan Online Visa".
165. "Business Visa in Your Inbox".
166. "Tourist Visa".
167. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
168. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
169. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
170. "PNG eVisa".
171. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
172. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
173. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
174. Visa-free countries , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
175. Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
176. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
177. "Qatar Hayya".
178. Do I need a visa? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
179. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
180. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
181. "Rwanda E-Services".
182. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
183. "ST.KittsNevis eVisa".
184. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
185. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
186. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
187. Border formalities , San Marino Tourism Board.
188. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
189. "ST eVisa".
190. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
191. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
192. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
193. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
194. "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
195. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
196. "Sierra Leone eVisa".
197. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
198. Consular information and travel visa , Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
199. Visa regimes and visas , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
200. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
201. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
202. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
203. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
204. "South Sudan eVisa".
205. Entry requirements , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
206. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
207. "SL eVisa".
208. "Information".
209. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
210. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
211. "Suriname eVisa".
212. "Entry-fee".
213. "Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
214. List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden , Government of Sweden.
215. Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality , State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
216. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
217. "السماح بدخول العراقيين من دون موافقة أمنية أو تأشيرة مسبقة … الحجيمي لـ"الوطن": ستعزز علاقات البلدين وتشكل دعماً اقتصادياً لسورية منذر عيد" [Allowing Iraqis to enter without security approval or a prior visa. Al-Hujaimi told Al-Watan: It will strengthen the relations of the two countries and constitute economic support for Syria]. Al-Watan. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
218. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
219. "Tajikistan eVisa".
220. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
221. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
222. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
223. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
224. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
225. "Togo eVisa".
226. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
227. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
228. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
229. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
230. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
231. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
232. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
233. "Uganda eVisa".
234. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
235. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
236. "UAE Smart Service".
237. UK visa requirements: list for carriers , Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
238. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
239. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
240. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
241. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
242. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
243. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
244. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
245. "Vietnam eVisa".
246. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
247. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
248. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
249. "Zimbabwe eVisa".
250. Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian . Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
251. "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
252. "Fièvre jaune" (in French). September 2, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
253. "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
254. Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
255. "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
256. "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
257. "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
258. "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
259. "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
260. Bahrain government website
261. "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
262. "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
263. "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines" . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
264. Timatic
265. "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
266. Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
267. "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
268. "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
269. Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
270. "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
271. Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
272. "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
273. Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
274. "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
275. Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times .
276. "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
277. "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com.
278. "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
279. "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
280. "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
281. "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
282. "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
283. "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
284. "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
285. "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
286. "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
287. "National News Bureau of Thailand".
288. AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
289. Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
290. Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times . Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
291. Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times . Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
292. Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
293. "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
294. "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
295. "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes