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The visa policy of Russia deals with the requirements of foreign nationals to enter Russia.
Russia has agreements with many countries whose citizens are exempt from visas, although an Electronic Travel Authorization with a QR code from the Gosuslugi mobile app is required in these cases. If a visa is required, depending on country of origin, some people may obtain an electronic visa (e-Visa); while others must apply for a visa at a diplomatic mission of Russia or visa center. A holder of a visa to enter Belarus may also enter Russia with such visa; however, this policy does not apply to Belarussian e-visas.
Despite international sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia continues to issue visas to citizens of all countries. Depending on country of origin, at any border crossing, foreigners may be questioned, have their biometrics taken, including fingerprints and photos, and are subject to search of baggage and mobile phone content, including contact lists, correspondence, and posts on social media. Officers focus on contact with Ukrainians, and any opinions on politics and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [1]
Types of visas available for issuance include private, business, tourist, educational, working, transit, humanitarian, service, and diplomatic. The length and terms of visas depend on the nationality of the recipient and other personal circumstances.
The Russian visa is a machine-readable document, that is stickered to a page in the holder's passport. All fields are indicated in both Russian and English, but are filled out only in Russian. The holder's name appears in both the Roman and Cyrillic alphabets.
To apply for a visa, a passport, a passport photo, a tourist invitation letter (can be purchased online), and a completed application form printed on A4 paper are required. [2]
Russia has 380 border checkpoints. [3] Transporting any amount of currency of countries in the European Union (EU), including Euros, directly to Russia from EU countries such as Estonia and Latvia is prohibited by the EU.
Crimea is under de facto Russian control and the visa policy of Russia applies for travel to Crimea. Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, and, although they are at least partially or sometimes controlled by Russia, the visa policy of Ukraine applies to travel to these regions.
Citizens of the following 64 countries and territories may obtain an e-Visa, [4] which allows entry for up to 30 days until 120 days after issuance. [5]
Border crossing points for eVisa holders [6] [7] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Airports (51) Seaports (14)
Railways (8)
Roads (26) Russia – Сhina border (3)
Russia – Estonia border (3) Russia – Finland border (7)
Russia – Georgia border (1)
Russia – Latvia border (2)
Russia – Lithuania border (4)
Russia – Mongolia border (3)
Russia – Poland border (4)
Mixed (3)
River (1) Pedestrians (1) | |||||||||
Citizens of the 18 countries [Note 1] could apply an e-Visa to visit to regions in the Far Eastern Federal District. [8]
Citizens of 54 countries could apply for single-entry business, humanitarian and tourist visas to visit the Kaliningrad region. [9]
Holders of ordinary passports of the following countries and territories may enter Russia without a visa for the time periods specified below. [10] [11] [12]
Citizens who are exempt from obtaining a visa must obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization with a QR code from the Gosuslugi mobile app. [13]
Resetting the allowed period by leaving and re-entering the country is prohibited.
Foreign citizens from visa-exempt countries may only stay 90 days within any 1 calendar year period, unless otherwise stipulated by an international agreement or Russian legislation. [14]
Freedom of movement 90 days
60 days 30 days 14 days |
ID - May enter with a national ID card in lieu of a passport.
IDKZ - May enter with a national ID card in lieu of a passport if arriving directly from Kazakhstan.
IP - May enter with an internal passport.
1 - 90 days within any 180-day period.
2 - 90 days within any 365-day period.
3 - 90 days within any 1 calendar year period.
4 - 90 days within any 1 year period.
5 - 60 days within any 180-day period.
6 - 30 days within any 60-day period.
Date of visa changes |
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Citizens of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan have never required a visa to enter the Russian Federation.
Cancelled: As the Soviet Union:
As the Russian Federation:
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The following partnerships provide for special entry rules to citizens of certain countries:
Citizens of China may visit Russia without a visa for up to 15 days and citizens of Iran may visit Russia without a visa for up to 15 days during one trip, but no more than 90 days within any 180-day period if traveling as part of a tour group from 5 to 50 persons that is accompanied by a representative of a tour operator registered in both countries (Russia-China, Russia-Iran). |
Holders of a valid visa or residence permit of either Belarus or Russia and a mutually recognized identity document may enter both countries, within the validity of the visa; however, this policy does not apply to e-visas. [67] [68] In cases where one country has a visa-free regime and the other requires a visa, the person must hold both the ID document and a visa for the latter. [68]
Foreign nationals with temporary permanent residency or a document for attending an international event have the right to enter, exit, stay, and transit without a visa within the validity of their documents. [68]
Stay duration is calculated from entry into one country from a third state. [68]
The common visa does not apply to individuals restricted from entering either country. [68] Officials retain the right to deny entry or reduce the duration of stay for any foreign national or stateless person, as well as to check compliance with entry, exit, transit, or stay regulations. [68]
Crossing between Belarus and Russia via land is allowed only at the following 6 international border crossing points:
International tourists entering by regular ferry via several ports are able to stay in Russia visa-free for up to 72 hours, provided that they spend the night on-board or in accommodation specifically approved by the travel agency. [69]
In addition, tourists entering by tourist cruise ships can leave the ship visa-free on tours organized by any authorized local tour company, when entering Russia through the ports of Anadyr, Kaliningrad, Korsakov, Novorossiysk, Murmansk, Sevastopol, Sochi, Saint Petersburg (Great Port of Saint Petersburg and Passenger Port of St. Petersburg), Vladivostok, Vyborg, Zarubino. [70] [71]
Residents of the border areas of Kazakhstan who visit the territory of the border areas of Russia up to three days can enter Russia through checkpoints, which are specially installed for residents of border areas. [77] [78] [79]
Residents of the border areas of Norway who have a permit for local border traffic can visit the border areas of Russia without a visa. From 4 March 2017, the Protocol on amendments to the current agreement entered into force – residents of area of Neiden received the right to receive a permit for local border traffic. [81] [82]
The territory covered by the agreement with Norway | |
---|---|
Norway | Finnmark county: Sør-Varanger Municipality, within a zone of 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the border + the Neiden village area. |
Russia | Pechengsky District: Korzunovo municipality, Zapolyarny municipality and the territory of Pechenga municipality and Nickel municipality within a zone of 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the border. |
From 27 July 2012, residents of the border areas of Poland who have a permit for local border traffic can visit Kaliningrad Oblast without a visa. The agreement has been suspended for an indefinite period by Poland from 4 July 2016. [85]
The territory covered by the agreement with Poland | ||
---|---|---|
Poland | Pomeranian Voivodeship | Towns: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot. Gdańsk County, Malbork County, Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Puck County. |
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship | Towns: Elbląg, Olsztyn. Bartoszyce County, Braniewo County, Elbląg County, Giżycko County, Gołdap County, Kętrzyn County, Lidzbark County, Mrągowo County, Olecko County, Olsztyn County, Węgorzewo County. | |
Russia | Kaliningrad Oblast |
Visa is not required for crew members of airlines, sea crew, river crew, rail crew that have a bilateral agreement with the Russian government exempting crew members from visa requirements. [86]
Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of the airline crew: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, [87] Belgium, [88] Bulgaria, [89] Canada, [90] China, [91] Croatia, [92] Cyprus, [93] Czech Republic, [94] Denmark, [95] Egypt, Ethiopia, [96] Finland, [97] France, [98] Germany, Greece, [99] Iceland, [100] India, [101] Iraq, Italy, [102] Japan, Jordan, [103] Latvia, [104] Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, [105] Malta, Netherlands, [106] North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, [107] Oman, [108] Poland, [109] Portugal, [110] Qatar, Romania, Singapore, Spain, [111] Sri Lanka, [112] Sweden, [113] Switzerland, Turkmenistan, [114] United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Vietnam. [115]
Russian Government has instructed the Foreign Ministry to sign an agreement with Georgia, [116] and Tunisia. [117]
Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of the sea crew: Bulgaria, [89] China,1 [91] Croatia, [92] Cyprus, [93] DR Congo, Egypt, France, [98] Iran, [118] Iraq, Lithuania, [119] North Korea, Poland, [109] Tunisia, [120] Turkey
Turkmenistan, [119] [121] Vietnam. [115]
Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of the railway crew: China, [91] North Korea, Turkmenistan. [122]
Passengers travelling through international airports do not need a visa for a transit of less than 24 hours in most circumstances, [123] provided a confirmed onward ticket is held and the traveller remains in the international transit area (without clearing regular passport control).
The following international Russian airports do not have international transit areas, meaning a transit visa is required to transfer planes:
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In accordance with a treaty between Russia and Finland, though there are passport controls at borders, a visa is not required for just passing through the Russian part of the Saimaa canal without leaving the vessel. [124]
The road from Värska to Ulitina in Estonia, traditionally the only road to the Ulitina area, goes through Russian territory for one kilometre (0.6 mi) of its length, an area called Saatse Boot. This road has no border control, but there is no connection to any other road in Russia. It is not permitted to stop or walk along the road. This area is a part of Russia but is also a de facto part of the Schengen area. [125]
Under reciprocal agreements, holders of diplomatic or various categories of service passports (consular, official, service, special) of the following countries and territories may enter and remain in Russia without a visa for the following period: [11]
C - Consular passports
D - Diplomatic passports
O - Official passports
S - Service passports
Sp - Special passports
1 – 90 days within any 365-day period.
2 – 90 days within any 180-day period.
3 - With the right of multiple entry and exit.
4 - Applies only to employees of official institutions operating in the territory of a contracting parties and their families.
Currently, visa exemption for holders of diplomatic passports of European Union member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland have been suspended. [126]
Among citizens of countries whose citizens do not normally require a visa, holders of diplomatic or service passports of Israel require a visa. [127]
Russia has signed visa exemption agreements with the following countries, but they have not yet entered into force:
Country | Passports | Days |
---|---|---|
![]() | All | 30 days |
![]() | Ordinary | 30 days, for a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 1 calendar year period |
![]() | All | 90 days within any 180-day period |
Russia is considering visa exemption agreements or visa policy improvements for the following countries:
In addition, Russia is currently in talks with Gulf countries as well as other countries to establish visa exemption agreements. [138]
A - 30 days for all passports
B - 30 days for ordinary passports
TG - For tourist groups
Holders of APEC Business Travel Cards as well as passports issued by full members of APEC (listed below) may enter Russia without a visa for business trips for up to 90 days within any 180-day period. [142] [143]
ABTCs are issued to citizens of: [144]
In accordance with the Government Decree of 1992, special authorization is required to enter 19 closed cities in Russia. [145] This restriction does not apply to Russian citizens.
A full list of such areas:
Russia's visa and other migration policies (incl. healthcare and conditions of family members) are also implemented in accordance with the mobility rights arrangements within the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rules of the single market of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Changes and tightening of Russian legislation in the sphere of migration do not apply to those who have Russian citizenship through international agreements on dual citizenship, and to citizens of the EAEU countries. For citizens of the EAEU, the rules of the EAEU apply. [146] [147]
On 29 November 2024, the Commonwealth of Independent States adopted an updated Concept for the phased formation of a common labor market (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) and migration regulation. [148] [149] [150] [151]
The Russian government issues general tourist visas for up to 6 months to 19 countries based on hotel reservations or other accommodation reservation confirmations. This list includes information on hotels, ski resorts, and beaches. [152]
Russia requires that an alien who needs a visa on entry be in possession of a valid visa upon exit.
To satisfy this formal requirement, exit visas sometimes need to be issued. Russia requires an exit visa if a visitor stays well past the expiration date of their visa. They must then extend their visa or apply for an exit visa and are not allowed to leave the country until they show a valid visa or have a permissible excuse for overstaying their visa (e.g., a note from a doctor or a hospital explaining an illness, missed flight, lost or stolen visa). In some cases, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can issue a Return-Home certificate that is valid for 10 days from the embassy of the visitor's native country, thus eliminating the need for an exit visa. [153] [154] [155]
A foreign citizen granted a temporary residence permit in Russia needs a temporary resident visa to take a trip abroad (valid for both exit and return). It is also colloquially called an exit visa.
According to the Border Service of the Federal Security Service and the Federal State Statistics Service, most visitors arriving to Russia were from the following countries of nationality: [156] [157]
2019 | ![]() |
2018 | ![]() |
2017 | ![]() |
2016 | ![]() |
2015 | ![]() |
2014 | ![]() |
2013 | ![]() |
2012 | ![]() |
2011 | ![]() |
2010 | ![]() |
2009 | ![]() |
2008 | ![]() |
2007 | 22,908,625 |
Visitor statistics 2024-2021
Country | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 3,407,706 | 3,163,214 | ||
![]() | 3,360,423 | 3,109,445 | ||
![]() | 1,701,543 | 2,153,956 | ||
![]() | 1,695,873 | 794,387 | ||
![]() | 1,195,392 | 1,140,239 | ||
![]() | 718,101 | 764,766 | ||
![]() | 621,015 | 616,659 | ||
![]() | 533,020 | 476,743 | ||
![]() | 519,591 | 414,677 | ||
![]() | 367,451 | 311,479 |
Nationality | Total (includes all types of purposes of visits) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |
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Stateless persons | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
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![]() | ![]() | 24,662 | ![]() | ||
Total | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Nationality | Total (includes all types of purposes of visits) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 4,198,030 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 2,747,358 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 1,584,086 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 394,872 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 1,012,621 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 747,640 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 830,160 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 979,778 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 459,040 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 552,909 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 988,084 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 611,367 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 157,367 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 259,191 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 52,289 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 474,949 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 569,300 |
Stateless persons | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 679,757 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 196,704 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 760,728 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 262,060 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 198,002 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 194,248 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 212,847 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 100,291 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 81,385 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 90,622 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 33,409 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 110,601 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 53,364 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 78,188 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 47,939 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 24,568 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 80,720 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 50,823 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 67,606 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 35,017 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 45,340 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 20,576 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 40,565 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 44,964 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 48,559 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 33,396 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 54,253 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 30,583 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 38,446 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 21,950 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 33,571 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 15,192 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 17,884 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 20,736 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 13,767 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 21,167 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 18,512 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 14,448 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 9,044 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 18,434 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | 4,053 |
Total | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Most electronic visas were issued for citizens of the following countries (top-10):
Country | 2024 | 2023 [Note 17] |
---|---|---|
![]() | 311,839 | 86,619 |
![]() | 63,218 | 8,915 |
![]() | 52,425 | 11,335 |
![]() | 42,202 | 9,865 |
![]() | 32,145 | 9,456 |
![]() | 25,404 | 13,318 |
![]() | 19,410 | 5,137 |
![]() | 16,982 | 3,924 |
![]() | 16,973 | 3,276 |
![]() | 10,121 | 3,107 |
Total | 670,947 | 170,104 |
Most visas were issued in the following countries:
Country | Number of visas issued in | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |
![]() | 58,953 | 410,780 | 360,582 | 336,423 | 324,959 | 299,791 |
![]() | 41,280 | 453,338 | 406,831 | 371,489 | 339,030 | 357,040 |
![]() | 34,162 | 83,169 | 81,177 | 79,898 | 45,209 | 33,698 |
![]() | 27,059 | 172,870 | 146,491 | 145,576 | 131,229 | 119,314 |
![]() | 20,770 | 92,573 | 88,290 | 96,246 | 93,169 | 87,863 |
![]() | 18,272 | 162,529 | 139,797 | 129,124 | 129,038 | 117,123 |
![]() | 16,736 | 106,250 | 98,936 | 95,630 | 94,682 | 85,974 |
![]() | 14,271 | 110,480 | 105,157 | 108,792 | 116,462 | 112,655 |
![]() | 11,295 | 78,727 | 79,082 | 74,382 | 77,574 | 70,328 |
![]() | 10,535 | 67,666 | 62,840 | 59,187 | 54,885 | 43,038 |
Total | 452 161 | 3,090,538 | 2,758,893 | 2,687,146 | 2,505,457 | 2,283,850 |