Visa policy of Cuba

Last updated April 13, 2024

Visitors to Cuba must obtain a visa before travel or a tourist card from one of the Cuban diplomatic missions, travel agencies or authorized airlines unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.^[1]

Visa policy map

Cuban nationals

Persons who were born in Cuba must use their Cuban passports for travelling to Cuba, unless they have official documentation to prove that they no longer have Cuban nationality.^[1]

Visa exemption

Citizens of the following countries neither need a visa nor a tourist card to visit Cuba, for a stay up to the duration listed below:^[1]^[2]

Indefinite stay

Namibia

90 days

90 days within any 180 days

Russia

90 days within any 1 calendar year

Kenya

60 days

30 days

28 days

According to the original visa agreement between Benin and Cuba, Beninese students who hold a normal passport may enter Cuba without a visa, for a maximum stay of 90 days.^[2] However, this condition is not mentioned on Timatic, which states that all normal passport holders of Benin can enter Cuba without a visa, for a maximum stay of 90 days.^[1]

Date of visa changes
19 November 1965 or 28 May 1966: Yugoslavia - as per note from 19 April 2010, it applies to North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.^[3] 10 December 1981: Benin^[4] 19 January 1994: Namibia 29 July 1994: Russia^[5] 19 February 1996: Barbados 8 July 1997: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30 March 1998: Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 May 1998: Malaysia 19 November 1998: Antigua and Barbuda 4 February 1999: Grenada 10 March 1999: Belarus 10 July 2000: Saint Lucia 23 October 2001: Dominica 7 November 2001: Mongolia 31 March 2016: Singapore 23 October 2018: Kenya 2019: United Arab Emirates There is no formal agreement behind the visa exemption with Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the agreement with former Yugoslavia does not apply to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cancelled: n/a: Liechtenstein and Switzerland^[6] n/a: Netherlands^[7] n/a: Belgium^[8] n/a: United Kingdom^[9] n/a: Bulgaria^[10] n/a: Finland^[11] n/a: Czech Republic and Slovakia (was applied from 22 Nov 1978 as Czechoslovakia)^[12] 1 December 2015: Ecuador (was applied from 25 Sep 2009)

Travelling on Duty

Citizens of the following countries who are holders of normal passports are exempt when travelling on duty:^[1]

Diplomatic and Service passports

Holders of diplomatic or various categories of service passports (official, service, special, public affairs) issued by the following countries are allowed to enter and remain in Cuba without a visa (allowed period of stay in brackets):^[1]^[14]

Afghanistan ^D^O^S(30 days)
Albania ^D^S(90 days)
Algeria ^D^S(3 months)
Angola ^D^S(90 days)
Antigua and Barbuda ^All(30 days)
Argentina ^D^O^S(90 days)
Armenia ^D^O^S(undefined)
Azerbaijan ^D^O^S(90 days)
Bahamas ^D^O^S(90 days)
Barbados ^D^O(28 days)
Belarus ^D^S(30 days)
Belize ^D^O(30 days)
Benin ^D^S(3 months)
Bolivia ^D^O(undefined)
Bosnia and Herzegovina ^D^O(90 days)
Botswana ^D^O^S(undefined)
Brazil ^D(180 days)
Burkina Faso ^D^O^S(undefined)
Chad ^D^S^Sp(90 days)
Cambodia ^D^S(undefined)
Cape Verde ^D^O^S(undefined)
China ^D^S^PA(undefined)
Colombia ^D^O(undefined / 6 months)
Congo ^D^S(undefined)
Costa Rica ^D^O(30 days)
Croatia ^D^O^S(90 days)
Cyprus ^D^S(undefined)
Djibouti ^D^O^S(undefined)
Dominica ^All(28 days)
Dominican Republic ^D^O(90 days)
Ecuador ^D^O(undefined / 90 days)
Egypt ^D^S^Sp(90 days)
Equatorial Guinea ^D^O^S(90 days)
El Salvador ^D^O(90 days)
Gabon ^D^O^S(90 days)

Gambia ^D^S(undefined)
Georgia ^D^S
Ghana ^D^O^S(90 days)
Grenada ^All(60 days)
Guatemala ^D^O^S(3 months)
Guinea ^D^O^S(3 months)
Guinea-Bissau ^D^O^S(3 months)
Guyana ^D^O^S(90 days)
Haiti ^D^O^S(90 days)
Honduras ^D^O^S(90 days)
Hungary ^D^S(90 days)
India ^D(90 days)
Iran ^D^S(90 days)
Jamaica ^D^O(undefined)
Jordan ^D(30 days)
Kazakhstan ^D^S(30 days)
Kenya ^D^O^S(90 days)
Kuwait ^D^Sp(90 days)
Laos ^D^O^S(90 days)
Lebanon ^D^O^S^Sp(90 days)
Malaysia ^D^O(3 months)
Mali ^D^O^S(90 days)
Mexico ^D^O^S(90 days)
Moldova ^D^O^S(undefined)
Mongolia ^D^O(30 days)
Montenegro ^D^O(90 days)
Morocco ^D^O^S^Sp(3 months)
Mozambique ^D^O^S(90 days)
Namibia ^DO(undefined)
Nicaragua ^D(undefined)
Niger ^D^S(30 days)
Nigeria ^D^O(90 days)
North Korea ^D^S(30 days)
North Macedonia ^D^O(90 days)
Panama ^D^O^S^Sp(undefined)

Paraguay ^D^O(3 months)
Peru ^D(90 days)
Philippines ^D^O^S(90 days)
Qatar ^D^S^Sp(90 days)
Romania ^D^O^S(90 days)
Russia ^D^S(undefined)
Saint Kitts and Nevis ^All(30 days)
Saint Lucia ^All(30 days)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ^All(60 days)
Sao Tome and Principe ^D^O^S(undefined)
Serbia ^D^S(90 days)
Seychelles ^D^O^S(undefined)
Singapore ^D^O^S(30 days)
Slovakia ^D(90 days)
Slovenia ^D^S(3 months)
South Africa ^D^O^S(90 days)
Sri Lanka ^D(undefined)
Suriname ^D^O^S(undefined)
Switzerland ^D^O^S(undefined)
Syria ^D^S^Sp(90 days)
Tanzania ^D^O^S(undefined)
Timor-Leste ^D^S(90 days)
Togo ^D^O^S(undefined)
Trinidad and Tobago ^D^O^S(undefined)
Tunisia ^D^O^S(undefined)
Turkey ^D^S^Sp(90 days)
Uganda ^D^O^S(undefined)
Ukraine ^D^S(undefined)
United Arab Emirates ^D^Sp(90 days)
Uruguay ^D^O^S(90 days)
Venezuela ^D^O^S(90 days)
Vietnam ^D^O^S^PA(30 days)
Yemen ^D^O^S^Sp(undefined)
Zambia ^D^O^S(undefined)
Zimbabwe ^D^O^S(undefined)

_{D - Diplomatic passports}
_{O - Official passports}
_{S - Service passports}
_{Sp - Special passports}
_{PA - Public affairs passports}

According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba, Armenia and Moldova are not applying bilateral agreements in practice.

Agreement with Indonesia signed on 26 March 2003 was applied from 17 March 2005 to 17 March 2015.

Visa-free agreement for holders of diplomatic and official passport was signed with Pakistan in October 2019 and it is yet to be ratified.^[15]

Future changes

Cuba has signed visa exemption agreements with the following countries, but they have not yet entered into force:

Country	Passports	Agreement signed on
Kazakhstan ^[16]	Ordinary	31 August 2023

Tourist card required

Citizens of all other countries must purchase a Visa / Tourist Card (Visa - Tarjeta de Turista) before arrival, which can be acquired from Cuban missions, travel agencies, airlines, or licensed online retailers. A tourist card used to grant a maximum stay of 90 days as of 1st November 2022 for most nationalities. It can be extended once for the same period in Cuba.^[1]

Those who fly to Cuba from US airports must purchase a "Pink Tourist Card" which is mainly available in the United States and fill an Affidavit form, airlines in the US will be able to provide more information about how to purchase the Pink Tourist Card. These Pink Tourist Cards are needed for everyone flying from the US to Cuba on a direct route.

For those traveling from or via the United States with an ESTA, it will not be sufficient to travel via or from the United States to Cuba. The travelor will need to apply for a full United States tourist visa before travelling on this route.

Those who enter Cuba from non-US airports must purchase a Green Tourist Card, which is often less expensive. Travelors must also fill in an Advanced Passenger information form, within two days before arrival in Cuba.

Visa required

Citizens of the following 20 countries are ineligible to obtain a tourist card and must obtain a Cuban visa:^[1]

_{1 - nationals of other countries required tourist card travelling to Cuba from India also require a visa.^[17]}

However, they are eligible to travel to Cuba with a tourist card if they also hold a valid visa or permanent residence permit issued by Canada, the United States or an EU member state.^[1]

Transit

Passengers in transit are exempt from visa or tourist card requirements if their transit time does not exceed 72 hours. They are allowed to enter Cuba.^[1]

Kosovo

Entry and transit is refused to Kosovo nationals, even if not leaving the aircraft and proceeding by the same flight.^[1]

Related Research Articles

A Mexican visa is a document issued by the National Institute of Migration, dependent on the Secretariat of the Interior, with the stated goal of regulating and facilitating migratory flows into the country.

Nationals of many countries may visit Brazil without a visa, while others must obtain a visa from one of the Brazilian diplomatic missions. Nationals of some countries may apply for visitor visas electronically. For stays longer than 90 days or for employment in Brazil, all foreign nationals must have a visa or residency authorization.

The visa policy of Albania allows citizens of certain countries to enter Albania without a visa. Citizens of certain other countries must obtain a visa from one of the Albanian diplomatic missions. Alternatively, they may obtain an electronic visa.

Visitors to Venezuela must obtain a visa from one of the Venezuelan diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.
Visitors are required to hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay and documents required for their next destination.
Visitors not holding return / onward tickets could be refused entry. Naturalized Venezuelan citizens, must hold in addition to their passport and National Identity Card, the original of the official decree of their naturalization issued by the Venezuelan government.
All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.

Visitors to Ukraine must obtain a visa from one of the Ukrainian diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries.

Visitors to Colombia must obtain a visa from one of the Colombian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries.

The visa policy of Malaysia consists of the requirements for foreign nationals to travel to, enter, and remain in Malaysia. Most visitors to Malaysia are granted visa-free entry for a period of 90, 30, or 14 days respectively.

The visa policy of the United Arab Emirates allows citizens of certain countries to enter the United Arab Emirates without a visa. Citizens of certain other countries must obtain a visa from one of the UAE diplomatic missions. Alternatively, they may obtain an online visa through Smart Service or airlines.

Visitors to the Dominican Republic must obtain a visa from one of the Dominican Republic diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries.

Visitors to Chile must obtain a visa from one of the Chilean diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.

Visitors to Pakistan typically must obtain a visa from one of the Pakistani diplomatic missions. Pakistani missions abroad offer various categories of visas, with some travelers eligible for visa on arrival if traveling as part of a group tour, or for business.
Pakistan also offers electronic visa application and electronic travel authorization for issuance of visa on arrival.

The visa policy of Nepal allows citizens of most countries to obtain either an Online tourist visa or an visa on arrival while citizens of India are allowed freedom of movement. However, citizens of certain other countries must obtain a visa from one of the Nepalese diplomatic missions.

Papua New Guinea Visitors must obtain a visa on arrival or e-Visa to enter the country. Visitors can also apply for a visa from the PNG diplomatic missions. All visitors must have a passport valid for 6 months.

Most visitors to Mozambique can obtain a visa for Mozambique, either on arrival or from one of the Mozambican diplomatic missions around the world in advance, unless they are a national of one of the visa-exempt countries.

Visitors to The Bahamas must obtain an e-Visa, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.

Visitors to Trinidad and Tobago must obtain a visa, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.

Visitors to El Salvador must obtain a visa from one of the Salvadoran diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.

Visitors to Honduras must obtain a visa from one of the Honduran diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 3 months.

Visitors to Ghana must obtain a visa from one of the Ghanaian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the countries or territories that are either visa exempt or whose citizens may obtain a visa on arrival.

Visitors to Egypt must obtain a visa from one of the Egyptian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that are eligible for visa on arrival.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Visa and passport". Timatic . International Air Transport Association through Emirates . Retrieved 29 October 2019.
1 2 3 "Listado de acuerdos exención de visado | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba". cubaminrex.cu.
↑ "PDF.js viewer". www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs.
↑ Original visa agreement indicates that visa exemption for normal passport holders of Benin only applies to Beninese students; however this condition is not mentioned on Timatic, which states that all normal passport holders of Benin can enter Cuba without a visa. It is not known if amendments to the agreement were subsequently made.
↑ Previous visa-free agreements under different terms were applied between 1981-1985 and 1985-1994 (as the Soviet Union until 1991). Amendments to the visa agreement have been in force since 21 December 2018.
↑ "Error". www.eda.admin.ch.
↑ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the Kingdom of Netherlands and the Government of Cuba concerning the abolition of visas". treatydatabase.overheid.nl.
↑ "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 1 January 1954" (PDF).
↑ Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 17 March 1951. Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of Cuba for the Abolition of Visas
↑ "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 30 August 1978" (PDF).
↑ "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 5 December 1990" (PDF).
↑ "Vyhláška 16/1979 Zb. O Dohode medzi vládou Československej socialistickej republiky a vládou Kubánskej republiky o bezvízovom styku úplné a aktuálne znenie".
↑ Applies to students, fellows or persons in artistic, cultural, scientific, journalistic missions, or on an official mission.
↑ "Listado de acuerdos exención de visado".
↑ "Pakistan signs visa-free agreement with Cuba". Khaleej Times.
↑ "Kazakhstan, Cuba sign the agreement on visa-free trips".
↑ "Tourist visa" (PDF). Embassy of Cuba in India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2023.

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[tim-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Visa and passport". Timatic . International Air Transport Association through Emirates . Retrieved 29 October 2019.

[:1-2] 1 2 3 "Listado de acuerdos exención de visado | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba". cubaminrex.cu.

[3] "PDF.js viewer". www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs.

[Benin-4] Original visa agreement indicates that visa exemption for normal passport holders of Benin only applies to Beninese students; however this condition is not mentioned on Timatic, which states that all normal passport holders of Benin can enter Cuba without a visa. It is not known if amendments to the agreement were subsequently made.

[5] Previous visa-free agreements under different terms were applied between 1981-1985 and 1985-1994 (as the Soviet Union until 1991). Amendments to the visa agreement have been in force since 21 December 2018.

[6] "Error". www.eda.admin.ch.

[7] Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the Kingdom of Netherlands and the Government of Cuba concerning the abolition of visas". treatydatabase.overheid.nl.

[8] "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 1 January 1954" (PDF).

[9] Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 17 March 1951. Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of Cuba for the Abolition of Visas

[10] "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 30 August 1978" (PDF).

[11] "Was applied under visa exemption agreement from 5 December 1990" (PDF).

[12] "Vyhláška 16/1979 Zb. O Dohode medzi vládou Československej socialistickej republiky a vládou Kubánskej republiky o bezvízovom styku úplné a aktuálne znenie".

[13] Applies to students, fellows or persons in artistic, cultural, scientific, journalistic missions, or on an official mission.

[14] "Listado de acuerdos exención de visado".

[15] "Pakistan signs visa-free agreement with Cuba". Khaleej Times.

[16] "Kazakhstan, Cuba sign the agreement on visa-free trips".

[17] "Tourist visa" (PDF). Embassy of Cuba in India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2023.

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v t e Visa policy by country
Visa Passport Travel document
Africa	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Djibouti Egypt ⁶ Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea-Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria R Congo Rwanda Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ¹ São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland ³ South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Americas	Anguilla ¹ Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda ¹ Bolivia Brazil British Virgin Islands ¹ Canada Cayman Islands ¹ Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Dutch Caribbean (Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten) Ecuador El Salvador Falkland Islands ¹ Greenland ⁵ Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Montserrat ¹ Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ¹ Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands ¹ United States Puerto Rico ⁴ Virgin Islands ⁴ Uruguay Venezuela
Asia	Abkhazia ²³ Afghanistan Akrotiri and Dhekelia ¹² Armenia ² Azerbaijan ² Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Hong Kong Macau Cyprus ² East Timor Egypt ⁶ Georgia ² India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan ² Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Northern Cyprus ²³ Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Russia ² Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea South Ossetia ² Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan (Republic of China) ³ Tajikistan Thailand Turkey ² Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Abkhazia ²³ Akrotiri and Dhekelia ¹² Albania Andorra Armenia ² Austria Azerbaijan ² Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus ² Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland Estonia Finland France Overseas Georgia ² Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan ² Kosovo ³ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Overseas North Macedonia Northern Cyprus ²³ Norway Svalbard Poland Portugal Romania Russia ² San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia South Ossetia ²³ Spain Sweden Switzerland Transnistria ³ Turkey ² Ukraine United Kingdom Overseas Vatican City
Oceania	American Samoa ⁴ Australia Cook Islands Fiji Guam ⁴ Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Niue Northern Mariana Islands ⁴ Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Islands ¹ Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
Historical	Artsakh ² Russia ²
¹ British Overseas Territories. ² These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. ³ Partially recognized. ⁴ Unincorporated territory of the United States. ⁵ Part of the Kingdom of Denmark. ⁶ Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.

v t e Visa requirements by citizenship
Visa Passport Travel document
Africa	Algerian Angolan Beninese Botswana Burkinabe Burundian Cameroonian Cape Verdean Central African Chadian Comorian Congolese (Democratic Republic) Congolese (Republic) Djiboutian Egyptian ⁴ Equatorial Guinean Eritrean Ethiopian Gabonese Gambian Ghanaian Guinea-Bissauan Guinean Ivorian Kenyan Lesothan Liberian Libyan Malagasy Malawian Malian Mauritanian Mauritian Moroccan Mozambican Namibian Nigerian Nigerien Rwandan Saint Helena ¹ Santomean Senegalese Seychellois Sierra Leonean Somali (Somaliland) South African South Sudanese Sudanese Swazi Tanzanian Togolese Tunisian Ugandan Zambian Zimbabwean
Americas	Anguillan ¹ Antigua and Barbuda Argentine Bahamian Barbadian Belizean Bermudian ¹ Bolivian Brazilian British Virgin Islands ¹ Canadian Caymanian ¹ Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuadorian Greenlandic Grenadian Guatemalan Guyanese Haitian Honduran Jamaican Mexican Montserratian ¹ Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucian Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Salvadoran Surinamese Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands ¹ United States Uruguayan Venezuelan
Asia	Abkhaz ²⁵ Afghan Armenian ³ Azerbaijani ² Bahraini Bangladeshi Bhutanese Bruneian Cambodian Chinese Hong Kongese Macanese Cypriot ³ East Timorese Egyptian ⁴ Emirati Georgian ² Indian Indonesian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Japanese Jordanian Kazakhstani ² Kuwaiti Kyrgyz Laotian Lebanese Malaysian Maldivian Mongolian Myanmar Nepalese North Korean Northern Cypriot ³⁵ Omani Pakistani Palestinian Philippine Qatari Russian ² Saudi Singaporean South Korean South Ossetian ²⁵ Sri Lankan Syrian Taiwanese ⁵ Tajik Thai Turkish ² Turkmen Uzbekistani Vietnamese Yemeni
Europe	Abkhaz ²⁵ Albanian Andorran Armenian ³ Austrian Azerbaijani ² Belarusian Belgian Bosnian and Herzegovinian British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC) Bulgarian Croatian Cypriot ³ Czech Danish Faroese Greenlandic Dutch Estonian (Non-citizens) Finnish French Georgian ² German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Kazakhstani ² Kosovar ⁵ Latvian (Non-citizens) Liechtenstein Lithuanian Luxembourg Maltese Moldovan Montenegrin Monégasque North Macedonian Northern Cypriot ³⁵ Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian ⁹ San Marino Serbian Slovak Slovenian South Ossetian ²⁵ Spanish Swedish Swiss Transnistrian ⁵ Turkish ² Ukrainian Vatican City
Oceania	Australian Fijian Kiribati Marshallese Micronesian Nauruan New Zealand Palauan Papua New Guinean Pitcairn Islands ¹ Samoan Solomon Islands Tongan Tuvaluan Vanuatuan
Other	Crew members Sovereign Military Order of Malta Green Card
¹ British Overseas Territories. ² Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Russia and the partially recognised republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. ³ Cyprus, Armenia, and the partially recognised republic of Northern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe. ⁴ Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia. ⁵ Partially recognized. Immigration law