Visa requirements for Barbadian citizens

Last updated

Visa requirements for Barbadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Barbados. As of 2025, Barbadian citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Barbadian passport 21st in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. [1]

Contents

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Barbadian citizens
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
Barbados
Visa free access
Visa on arrival
eVisa
Visa available both on arrival or online
Visa required Visa requirements for Barbadian citizens.png
Visa requirements for Barbadian citizens
  Barbados
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
TerritoryConditions of accessNotes
Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia Visa required [235]
Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Visa not required [236] 90 days
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus Visa not required [237]
Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine Visa not required [238] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed. [239]
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland Visa on arrival30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival. [240] [241]
Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia Visa not required [242] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia. [243] [244]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan Visa required [245] [246]
Flag of Transnistria (state).svg Transnistria Visa not required [247] Registration required after 24h. [248] [249]
Dependent and autonomous territories
TerritoryConditions of accessNotes
China
Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong Visa not required [250] 90 days
Flag of Macau.svg Macau Visa on arrival [251] 30 days
Denmark
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg Faroe Islands Visa not required [252] 90 days
Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland Visa not required [253] 90 days
France
Flag of France.svg French Guiana Visa not required [254] 90 days
Flag of French Polynesia.svg French Polynesia Visa not required [255] 90 days
Flag of France.svg French West Indies Visa not requiredIncludes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
Flag of France.svg Mayotte Visa not required [256] 90 days
Flags of New Caledonia.svg New Caledonia Visa not required [257] 90 days
Flag of France.svg Réunion Visa not required [258] 90 days
Flag of France.svg Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required [259] 90 days
Flag of France.svg Wallis and Futuna Visa not required [260] 90 days
Netherlands
Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba Visa not required [261] 90 days
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Caribbean Netherlands Visa not required [262] Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
Flag of Curacao.svg Curaçao Visa not required [263] 90 days
Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten Visa not required [264] 90 days
New Zealand
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands Visa not required [265] 31 days
Flag of Niue.svg Niue Visa not required [266] 30 days
Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau Visa required [267]
United Kingdom
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required [268] Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit. [269]
Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla Visa not required [270] 3 months
Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda Visa not required [271] 6 months
Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit requiredSpecial permit required. [272]
Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands Visa not required [273] 1 month
Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands Visa not required [274] 6 months
Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg Falkland Islands Visa required [275]
Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar Visa not required [276] 6 months
Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat Visa not required [277] 6 months
Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg Pitcairn Islands Visa not required14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore. [278] [279] [280]
Flag of Ascension Island.svg Ascension Island eVisa [281] [282]
  • 3 months within any year period
Flag of Saint Helena.svg Saint Helena Visitor's Pass requiredVisitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling. [283]
Flag of Tristan da Cunha.svg Tristan da Cunha Permission requiredPermission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands. [284]
Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit requiredPre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling). [285] [286]
Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required [287] 90 days
United States
Flag of American Samoa.svg American Samoa Visa required [288]
Flag of Guam.svg Guam Visa required [289]
Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg Northern Mariana Islands Visa required [290]
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico Visa required [291]
Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required [292]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for Flag of Norway.svg Bouvet Island, Flag of the British Antarctic Territory.svg British Antarctic Territory, Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Bandera de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego.svg Argentine Antarctica, Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australian Antarctic Territory, Flag of Magallanes y la Antartica Chilena, Chile.svg Chilean Antarctic Territory, Flag of Australia (converted).svg Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Flag of Norway.svg Peter I Island, Flag of Norway.svg Queen Maud Land, Flag of New Zealand.svg Ross Dependency. [293] [294] [295] [296] [297] [298] [299] [300] [301] [302] [303] [304]

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. [305] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021 The New Cover of the International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Philippines.jpg
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

The African countries of Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year [306] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana. [307]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. [308] [309]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens [310] [311] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled). [312]

Some countries, such as Japan, [313] Ireland and the United Kingdom, [314] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, [315] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, [316] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, [317] Philippines, [318] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam. [319]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives [320] and South Africa.

Maximum passport age

Countries of the Schengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry. [321] A number of holders of British passports, which until September 2018 could be issued with a validity period of up to 10 years and nine months if the previous passport was not expired, were unable to travel to the EU subsequent to Brexit due to this restriction. [322]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, [323] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata , banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. [324]

Israeli stamps

Kuwait, [325] Lebanon, [326] Libya, [327] and Yemen [328] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[ citation needed ]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside. [329]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan, [330] [331] Argentina, [332] Brunei, Cambodia, [333] China, [334] Ethiopia, [335] Ghana, Guinea, [336] India, Japan, [337] [338] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), [339] Malaysia upon entry and departure, [340] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, [341] Singapore, South Korea, [342] Taiwan, Thailand, [343] Uganda, [344] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation), [345] [346] [347] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa. [348]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports [349] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa. [350] [351]

Caribbean

Notes

Notes
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)

    See also

    References

    1. "The Henley Passport Index: Q1 2025 Global Ranking" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
    2. Visa information , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
    3. Visa regime for foreign citizens , Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
    4. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    5. Travel to Andorra , Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
    6. "Decreto Presidencial".
    7. Countries exempt from visa , Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
    8. Visa regime , National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
    9. Visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
    10. Visitor visa options , Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
    11. "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
    12. Schengen visa , Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
    13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 "Border crossing". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
    14. Countries with visa-free travel regime , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
    15. Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
    16. eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas , Government of the Bahamas
    17. Bahrain eVisas , Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
    18. "Bahrain Electronic Visa Service". Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
    19. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    20. Visa-free travel , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
    21. Schengen visa , Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
    22. "Belize Visa Requirements - Web Version" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
    23. Visa , Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
    24. eVisa Benin
    25. Visa , Tourism Council of Bhutan.
    26. Requirements to enter Bolivia , General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
    27. Visas , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
    28. Bosnia lifts visa requirements for 10 countries [ usurped ]
    29. Requirements for visa application , Government of Botswana.
    30. Visas to travel to Brazil , Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
    31. Country category for visa application , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
    32. Visa for Bulgaria , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
    33. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    34. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    35. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    36. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    37. "evisa Cameroun - The official portal for visa applications to Cameroon". www.evisacam.cm. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    38. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    39. canada.ca/eTA
    40. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    41. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    42. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    43. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    44. List of Agreements on Mutual Visa Exemption Between the People’s Republic of China and Foreign Countries , cs.mfa.gov.cn, 18 April 2025 单方面免签政策常见问题解答 Frequently Asked Questions on Visa-free Entry into China , cs.mfa.gov.cn, 30 December 2024
    45. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    46. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    47. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    48. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    49. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    50. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    51. Visa requirements overview , Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
    52. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    53. Visa policy , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
    54. List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
    55. Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries , Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
    56. eVisa
    57. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    58. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    59. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    60. 1 2 3 Extendable length of stay.
    61. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    62. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    63. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    64. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    65. Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
    66. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    67. "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
    68. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    69. Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland , Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
    70. Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements , Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
    71. "Gabon e-Visa".
    72. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    73. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    74. Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany , Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
    75. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    76. Countries requiring or not requiring a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
    77. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    78. "Grenada :: Travel Authorization". Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
    79. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    80. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    81. "Guinea Visa". Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    82. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    83. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    84. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    85. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    86. Countries that do not need a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
    87. Who does not need a visa , Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
    88. "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
    89. e-Visa
    90. The note is under Q9 in the FAQs
    91. The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
    92. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    93. Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days
    94. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    95. "الصفحة الرئيسية @ eVisa Portal". evisa.iq. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    96. Countries that need a visa for Ireland , Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
    97. Tourist visa table , Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
    98. "Israel-entry | ETA-IL, eVisa and more". israel-entry.piba.gov.il. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    99. Visa for Italy , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
    100. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    101. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    102. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    103. "Visa Information". IATA . Retrieved 6 July 2014.
    104. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    105. "Obtaining visa of the Republic of Kazakhstan | Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    106. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    107. "Kenya: Visa-free travel now available for many African and Caribbean countries | Africanews". www.africanews.com. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    108. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    109. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    110. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
    111. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    112. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    113. "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    114. "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
    115. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    116. 1 2 "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
    117. "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application". laoevisa.gov.la. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR – Consular Department. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
    118. "Laos International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
    119. Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
    120. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    121. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    122. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    123. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    124. Visa , Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
    125. Do I need a visa? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
    126. Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days , Government of Luxembourg.
    127. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    128. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    129. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    130. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    131. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    132. Who requires a visa? , Identity Malta.
    133. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    134. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    135. "National Agency for the Population Register and Secure Titles - Launches the Houwiyeti app 🎉". Archived from the original on 3 January 2025.
    136. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    137. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    138. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    139. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    140. Before you leave , Monaco Government Tourist Office.
    141. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    142. "Consul.mn". Archived from the original on 6 December 2023.
    143. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    144. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    145. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    146. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    147. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    148. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    149. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    150. Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less) , Government of the Netherlands.
    151. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    152. "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
    153. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    154. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    155. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    156. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    157. Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway , Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
    158. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    159. "Online visa system of Pakistan". Ministry of Interior . Pakistan.
    160. "Tourist Visa in Your Inbox". Ministry of Interior . Pakistan. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
    161. "Business Visa in Your Inbox". Ministry of Interior . Pakistan. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
    162. "Tourist Visa". Ministry of Interior . Pakistan.
    163. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    164. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    165. Easy Visitor Permit (30 Day)
    166. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    167. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    168. "Guidelines on the Entry of Temporary Visitors to the Philippines". Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
    169. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    170. Visa-free countries , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
    171. Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
    172. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    173. Do I need a visa? , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
    174. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    175. "Electronic visa / Consular department of MFA of Russia". kdmid.ru. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
    176. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    177. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    178. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    179. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    180. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    181. Border formalities , San Marino Tourism Board.
    182. "e-Visa STP". Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
    183. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    184. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    185. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    186. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    187. 1 2 International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    188. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    189. Consular information and travel visa , Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
    190. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    191. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    192. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    193. "Do I need a visa to travel to South Sudan?". Ministry of Internal Affairs . South Sudan.
    194. 1 2 "Apply for a South Sudan Visa Online". Ministry of Internal Affairs . South Sudan.
    195. Entry requirements , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
    196. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    197. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    198. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    199. List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden , Government of Sweden.
    200. Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality , State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
    201. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    202. "EVisa". Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    203. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    204. "Tajikistan e-Visa".
    205. "Countries Which are not Required to Apply for Visa - Tanzania Immigration Department". www.immigration.go.tz. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    206. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    207. "Official Website of Thailand Electronic Visa". www.thaievisa.go.th. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    208. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    209. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    210. "Accueil - Voyage Togo". voyage.gouv.tg. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    211. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    212. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    213. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    214. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    215. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    216. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    217. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    218. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    219. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    220. "404".{{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
    221. UAE citizens exempt from pre-entry visa to Barbados
    222. UK visa requirements: list for carriers , Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
    223. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
    224. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    225. Uzbekistan introduces visa waiver for 20 more countries from 2020
    226. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    227. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    228. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    229. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    230. "Vietnam evisa - National portal on Immigration". evisa.xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
    231. "No visa required for tourists to Phu Quoc on short stay - Vietsea Tourist - Travel to Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand | Vietnam Travel Tours". Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
    232. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    233. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    234. International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
    235. "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA". Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
    236. "Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo.
    237. "VISA Regulations". Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 4 March 2014.
    238. Tourist visa table , Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
    239. "Israel Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
    240. "Practical travel information on Visas in Somaliland, Puntland & Somalia - Lonely Planet Travel Information". Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
    241. "VISA Application". Archived from the original on 17 November 2006. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
    242. "Procedure of the Entry to the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia | Министерство иностранных дел". Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    243. "О визах" [About visas] (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of South Ossetia. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
    244. "Procedure of the Entry to the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia | Министерство иностранных дел". Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    245. Visa , Bureau of Consular Affairs of Taiwan.
    246. "線上填寫簽證申請系統". Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    247. "Министерство иностранных дел - Приднестровской Молдавской Республики". Министерство иностранных дел. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.
    248. "Luxlana.net". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
    249. Rules and recommendations | Transnistria tour
    250. Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017. Electronic Services for Visa Application , Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
    251. Immigration Clearance of Non-residents of Macao , Macao SAR Government Portal.
    252. "Passport and visa". Visit Faroe Islands. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
    253. "Advice & Services for travelling to and staying in Greenland".
    254. Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , Légifrance (in French).
    255. Ruling of 29 December 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of French Polynesia , Légifrance (in French).
    256. Ruling of 4 February 2015 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Mayotte , Légifrance (in French).
    257. Ruling of 22 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of New Caledonia , Légifrance (in French).
    258. Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , Légifrance (in French).
    259. Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , Légifrance (in French).
    260. "Requesting a visa - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs". Diplomatie.gouv.fr. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
    261. Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom? , Government of the Netherlands.
    262. Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom? , Government of the Netherlands.
    263. Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom? , Government of the Netherlands.
    264. Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom? , Government of the Netherlands.
    265. Visas and immigration , Discover Cook Islands.
    266. Travelling to Niue , Niue Tourism Office.
    267. "Visa information". Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
    268. Protocols No. 3 and 10 to the Treaty of Accession 2003 Archived 2016-06-11 at the Wayback Machine , European Commission, 16 April 2003.
    269. Control (entry, settlement and commercial enterprises) ordinance 1960, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Gazette, consolidated version as of 3 May 2016.
    270. Visa requirements for Anguilla , Government of Anguilla, October 2016.
    271. Bermuda entry visas , Government of Bermuda.
    272. British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice - GOV.UK
    273. Visas , Tourism Board of the British Virgin Islands.
    274. Visa-free and visa-required countries , Department of Immigration of the Cayman Islands.
    275. Immigration Ordinance 1999 , Falkland Islands Government, 31 July 2017.
    276. Visas and immigration , Government of Gibraltar.
    277. Countries not requiring a visa , Immigration Department of Montserrat.
    278. "Tourist Information | Visas & Legal Info | Pitcairn Island Tourism". Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
    279. "Pitcairn Islands". Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    280. "Immigration Control Ordinance 2006" (PDF). Government of the Pitcairn Islands . Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
    281. "Ascension Island E-Visa System". 13 November 2018.
    282. "Entry Visas". 13 November 2018. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
    283. "Useful info : St Helena Tourism". Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    284. Tristan da Cunha Information for Visitors
    285. South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice - GOV.UK
    286. "Information for Visitors - South Georgia Website". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
    287. Requirements to obtain a Turks and Caicos visitor's visa , Ministry of Border Control and Employment of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
    288. General information , American Samoa Visitors Bureau.
    289. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
    290. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
    291. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
    292. Travel without a visa , United States Department of State.
    293. "Antarctic tourism - British Antarctic Survey".
    294. "British Antarctic Territory". Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
    295. "British Antarctic Territory - GOV.UK".
    296. "Accès à l'Antarctique". Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    297. "Accès aux Terres australes françaises". Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    298. "Accès aux îles Eparses". Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    299. "Dna-IAA - la Antártida". Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
    300. "Forms expeditioners must sign". Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    301. "Frequently asked questions". 28 February 2005.
    302. "Peter I Øy - Norwegian Polar Institute". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
    303. "Dronning Maud Land". Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    304. "Antarctica - NZ Procedures for Non-Governmental Visitors to Antarctica: NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
    305. Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian . Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
    306. "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
    307. "Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
    308. "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
    309. Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
    310. "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
    311. "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
    312. "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
    313. "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
    314. "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
    315. Bahrain government website
    316. "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
    317. "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
    318. "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines" . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
    319. Timatic
    320. "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
    321. "Travel documents for non-EU nationals". Your Europe.
    322. "Holidaymakers going to EU caught out by 10-year-passport rule". BBC News.
    323. Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
    324. "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
    325. "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
    326. Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
    327. "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
    328. "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
    329. Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
    330. "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
    331. Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times .
    332. "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
    333. "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.
    334. "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective 27 April 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
    335. "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
    336. "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
    337. "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
    338. "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 26 October 2007.
    339. "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
    340. "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
    341. "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
    342. "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
    343. "National News Bureau of Thailand".
    344. AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
    345. Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
    346. Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times . Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
    347. Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times . Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
    348. Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
    349. "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    350. "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
    351. "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.