Citizens of all countries require a visa to enter Turkmenistan unless they have special passports. To obtain a tourist visa for Turkmenistan, all foreign citizens must supply an invitation letter issued by a travel agency licensed in Turkmenistan. [1]
Holders of a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs may obtain a visa on arrival valid for 10 days, and extendable for another 10 days. [2]
Holders of diplomatic, official and service passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Georgia, Hungary, Iran, Japan (90 days), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and holders of diplomatic passports of Estonia, India, Pakistan and Uzbekistan do not require a visa to visit Turkmenistan for up to 30 days (unless otherwise stated). [2] Holders of diplomatic passports of Canada and the United States may obtain a free visa on arrival. [2]
A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Kerki, Hazar, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat. [6]
Entry and transit is refused to holders of passports of the following jurisdictions:
Turkmenistan is generally considered one of the most isolationist and least visited countries in the world. In comparison with other countries with strict visa policies, very few foreigners are granted a Turkmenistani visa. Directly after independence, in the 1990s, Turkmenistan was a slightly more open country than it is now, and in 1998, for example, 300,000 foreigners visited the country. Between 2000 and 2013, however, the number of visas issued decreased significantly, due to the enacted isolationism, the Turkmen government's self-professed neutral status and totalitarian regime. [7]
Year | Visitors |
---|---|
1992—1994 | No data |
1995 | 218,000 [8] |
1996 | 217,000 [8] |
1997 | 257,000 [8] |
1998 | 300,000 [8] |
1999 | No data |
2000 | 3,256 [9] |
2001 | 5,200 [8] |
2002 | 10,800 [8] |
2003 | 8,200 [8] |
2004 | 14,800 [8] |
2005 | 11,600 [8] |
2006 | 5,600 [8] |
2007 | 8,177 [9] |
2008 | 9,777 [9] |
2009 | 7,628 [9] |
2010 | 9,631 [9] |
2011 | 8,687 [9] |
2012—2013 | No data |
2014 | More 110,000 [10] |
2015 | More 110,000 [10] |
2016 | More 130,000 [10] |
2017 | More 130,000 [10] |
2018 | More 130,000 [10] |
Total (1995-1998, 2000-2011 and 2014-2018) | More 1,700,000 [10] |
Country | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2011 [9] | 2010 [9] | 2009 [9] | 2008 [9] | 2007 [9] | 2000 [9] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uzbekistan | 108,288 [11] | 105,269 [12] | 98,176 [13] | 96,604 [14] | 77,387 [15] | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data |
Iran | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 3,874 | 3,397 | 2,391 | 2,355 | 2,133 | 122 |
Germany | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 1,143 | 1,277 | 1,392 | 1,576 | 1,338 | 270 |
United States | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 531 | 660 | 535 | 663 | 566 | 430 |
Italy | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 277 | 392 | 412 | 595 | 600 | 340 |
Japan | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 253 | 388 | 344 | 508 | 537 | 282 |
Netherlands | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 245 | 238 | 296 | 439 | 160 | 95 |
France | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 212 | 230 | 315 | 232 | 682 | 650 |
Other | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 2,080 | 2,799 | 1,803 | 3,313 | 2,081 | 999 |
Total | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | 8,697 | 9,631 | 7,628 | 9,777 | 8,177 | 3,256 |
Country | 2021 [16] | 2020 [16] | 2019 [16] | 2018 [16] | 2017 [16] | 2016 [16] | 2015 [16] | 2014 [16] | 2013 [16] | 2012 [16] | 2011 [16] | 2010 [16] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russia | 6,096 | 11,322 | 30,504 | 28,127 | 27,490 | 29,047 | 28,470 | 29,530 | 34,494 | 36,387 | 42,664 | 45,052 |
Tourism represents a substantial and fast-growing sector of the economy of Uzbekistan. The government of Uzbekistan under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has invested heavily in developing tourism as a high-growth potential industry, resulting in an increase in international arrivals from approximately 1 million in 2016 to 7 million in 2023.
The Indian passport is a passport issued by the Ministry of External Affairs of the Republic of India to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967). The Passport Seva unit of the Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External Affairs functions as the issuing authority and is responsible for issuing Indian passports on application to all eligible Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 93 passport offices located across India and at 197 Indian diplomatic missions abroad.
The People's Republic of China passport is a passport issued to citizens of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of international travel, and entitles its bearer to the protection of China's consular officials overseas.
The Russian passport is a booklet issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to Russian citizens for international travel. This external Russian passport is distinct from the internal Russian passport, which is a mandatory identity document for travel and identification purposes within Russia. Russian citizens must use their Russian passports when leaving or entering Russia, unless traveling to/from a country where the Russian internal ID is recognised as a valid travel document.
The Uzbekistan passport, being the property of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is issued to the citizens of Uzbekistan for international travels. An ordinary international passport can be issued to an infant at birth and must be renewed after 2 years, next one for toddlers renewed after 5 years and later every 10 years. The passport could also be changed in case of damage or when the bearer of the passport changed his/her name.
The visa policy of Russia deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the Russian Federation must meet to obtain a visa, which is a permit to travel to, enter, and remain in the country. Visa exemptions are based on bilateral or multilateral agreements.
Visitors to Kyrgyzstan must obtain an e-Visa unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries or citizens who may obtain a visa on arrival.
Visitors to Kazakhstan must obtain a visa from one of the Kazakh diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries or citizens eligible for an e-Visa.
Visitors to Armenia must obtain a visa from one of the Armenian diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries, or citizens who may obtain a visa on arrival, or citizens eligible for an e-Visa. Citizens of the Commonwealth of Independent States and citizens of all Eurasian Economic Union and European Union member states may enter Armenia without a visa.
Visa requirements for Russian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Russia.
Visa requirements for Turkmen citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkmenistan. As of 27 April 2023, Turkmen citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 53 countries and territories, ranking the Turkmen passport 93rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.
The Government of the Republic of Moldova allows citizens of specific countries/territories to visit Moldova for tourism or business purposes without having to obtain a visa, often based on bilateral agreements. Citizens of other countries must obtain a visa from the embassy of their residence country or online eVisa. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 3 months beyond the period of intended stay.
Visitors to Belarus must obtain a visa from one of the Belarusian diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries.
Citizens of specific countries and territories are eligible to visit Bolivia for tourism or business purposes without having to obtain a visa.
Visitors to Uzbekistan must obtain a visa from one of the Uzbekistan diplomatic missions or online unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.
Visitors to Tajikistan must obtain a visa unless they are citizens of one of the visa-exempt countries, or citizens who may obtain a visa on arrival, or citizens eligible for an e-Visa.
Visitors to Uruguay must obtain a visa from one of the Uruguayan diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries.
Citizens of all countries require a travel visa to visit Afghanistan. The only exemptions are travelers born in Afghanistan, including those born to at least one Afghan citizen parent or whose parent was born in Afghanistan.
Visitors to Nicaragua must obtain a visa from one of the Nicaraguan diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries that can obtain a visa on arrival. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months.
The visa history of Russia deals with the requirements, in different historical epochs, that a foreign national had to meet in order to obtain a visa or entry permit, to enter and stay in the country.
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