List of prime ministers of Australia

Last updated

The Lodge, the official residence of the prime minister The Lodge Canberra renovated.jpg
The Lodge, the official residence of the prime minister

The prime minister of Australia is the leader of the Australian Government and the Cabinet of Australia, with the support of the majority of the House of Representatives. [1] [2] Thirty-one people (thirty men and one woman) have served in the position since the office was created in 1901. [3] The role of prime minister is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia, [4] but the prime minister is still appointed by the governor-general who under Section 64 of the constitution has the executive power to appoint ministers of state. The governor-general is appointed by the monarch of Australia based on the advice of the incumbent prime minister. [2] Governors-general do not have fixed terms, but usually serve for five years. [5]

Contents

Federal elections must be held every three years, although prime ministers may call elections early. [6] Prime ministers do not have fixed terms, and generally serve the full length of their term unless they lose the majority of the House or are replaced as the leader of their party. Three former prime ministers lost a majority in the House (Alfred Deakin on two occasions, George Reid and Andrew Fisher), six resigned following leadership spills (John Gorton, Bob Hawke, Kevin Rudd, Julia Gillard, Tony Abbott and Malcolm Turnbull) and three died in office (Joseph Lyons, John Curtin and Harold Holt, who disappeared and is presumed to have died). [7] Two prime ministers also lost their role in a double dissolution election, a snap election where the entire Senate stands for re-election rather than the typical half to resolve deadlocks between the two houses. These were Joseph Cook in 1914 and Malcolm Fraser in 1983. One prime minister, Gough Whitlam, was controversially dismissed by the governor-general during a constitutional crisis. [8]

Since the office was established in 1901, thirty men and one woman have been prime minister. Robert Menzies and Kevin Rudd served two non-consecutive terms in office while Alfred Deakin and Andrew Fisher served three non-consecutive terms. [9]

The prime ministership of Frank Forde, who was prime minister for seven days in 1945, was the shortest in Australian history. [10] Menzies served the longest, with eighteen years over two non-consecutive periods. [11]

The 31st and current prime minister is Anthony Albanese, who assumed office on 23 May 2022. [9] There are currently seven living former prime ministers. The most recent former prime minister to die was Hawke, on 16 May 2019. [12]

List of prime ministers

The parties shown are those to which the prime ministers belonged at the time they held office, and the electoral divisions shown are those they represented while in office. Several prime ministers belonged to parties other than those given and represented other electorates before and after their time in office.

Political parties

Status

  Background indicates caretaker prime minister

List of prime ministers of Australia
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Constituency
Election
(Parliament)
Term of officePolitical
party
MinistryMonarchGovernor-GeneralRef.
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Edmund Barton crop.PNG Edmund Barton
(1849–1920)
MP for Hunter, NSW
1901 (1st)1 January
1901
24 September
1903
2 years, 266 days Protectionist Barton Victoria Lord Hopetoun [13]
Edward VII
Lord Tennyson
2 Alfred Deakin crop.jpg Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic [lower-alpha 1]
— (1st)24 September
1903
27 April
1904
216 days Protectionist 1st Deakin [14]
1903 (2nd)
Lord Northcote
3 ChrisWatsonBW crop.jpg Chris Watson
(1867–1941)
MP for Bland, NSW
— (2nd)27 April
1904
18 August
1904
113 days Labor Watson [15]
4 George Reid crop.jpg George Reid
(1845–1918)
MP for East Sydney, NSW
— (2nd)18 August
1904
5 July
1905
321 days Free Trade Reid [16]
(2) AlfredDeakin.jpeg Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic [lower-alpha 1]
— (2nd)5 July
1905
13 November
1908
3 years, 131 days Protectionist 2nd Deakin [14]
1906 (3rd)
Lord Dudley
5 Andrew Fisher 1908.jpg Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld
— (3rd)13 November
1908
2 June
1909
201 days Labor 1st Fisher [17]
(2) Alfred Deakin 1910 (crop).tif Alfred Deakin
(1856–1919)
MP for Ballaarat, Vic [lower-alpha 1]
— (3rd)2 June
1909
29 April
1910
331 days Liberal 3rd Deakin [14]
(5) Andrew Fisher 1912 (b&w).jpg Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld
1910 (4th)29 April
1910
24 June
1913
3 years, 56 days Labor 2nd Fisher [17]
George V
Lord Denman
6 Joseph Cook - Crown Studios 03.jpg Joseph Cook
(1860–1947)
MP for Parramatta, NSW
1913 (5th)24 June
1913
17 September
1914
1 year, 85 days Liberal Cook [18]
Ronald Munro Ferguson
(5) AndrewFisher.jpg Andrew Fisher
(1862–1928)
MP for Wide Bay, Qld
1914 (6th)17 September
1914
27 October
1915
1 year, 40 days Labor 3rd Fisher [17]
Billy Hughes 1919.jpg Billy Hughes
(1862–1952)
MP for West Sydney, NSW (until 1917)
MP for Bendigo, Vic (1917–22)
MP for North Sydney, NSW (from 1922)
— (6th)27 October
1915
14 November
1916
7 years, 105 days Labor 1st Hughes [19]
7– (6th)14 November
1916
17 February
1917
National Labor 2nd Hughes
– (6th)17 February
1917
9 February
1923
Nationalist 3rd Hughes
1917 (7th) 4th Hughes
1919 (8th) 5th Hughes
Lord Forster
8 Stanley Bruce 1926.jpg Stanley Bruce
(1883–1967)
MP for Flinders, Vic
1922 (9th)9 February
1923
22 October
1929
6 years, 255 days Nationalist
( Coalition )
1st Bruce [20]
Lord Stonehaven
1925 (10th) 2nd Bruce
1928 (11th) 3rd Bruce
9 Portrait of the Right Hon. J. H. Scullin.png James Scullin
(1876–1953)
MP for Yarra, Vic
1929 (12th)22 October
1929
6 January
1932
2 years, 76 days Labor Scullin [21]
Sir Isaac Isaacs
10 Joseph Lyons.jpg Joseph Lyons
(1879–1939)
MP for Wilmot, Tas
1931 (13th)6 January
1932
7 April
1939 [lower-alpha 2]
7 years, 91 days United Australia 1st Lyons [22]
1934 (14th) 2nd Lyons
— (14th) United Australia
( Coalition )
3rd Lyons
Edward VIII
Lord Gowrie
George VI
1937 (15th) 4th Lyons
11 Earle Page.jpg Earle Page
(1880–1961)
MP for Cowper, NSW
— (15th)7 April
1939
26 April
1939
19 days Country
( Coalition )
Page
(Caretaker)
[23]
12 Robert Menzies in 1939.jpg Robert Menzies
(1894–1978)
MP for Kooyong, Vic
— (15th)26 April
1939
29 August
1941
2 years, 125 days United Australia 1st Menzies [24]
United Australia
( Coalition )
2nd Menzies
1940 (16th) 3rd Menzies
13 FaddenPEO.jpg Arthur Fadden
(1894–1973)
MP for Darling Downs, Qld
— (16th)29 August
1941
7 October
1941
39 days Country
( Coalition )
Fadden [25]
14 JohnCurtin.jpg John Curtin
(1885–1945)
MP for Fremantle, WA
7 October
1941
5 July
1945 [lower-alpha 3]
3 years, 271 days Labor 1st Curtin [26]
1943 (17th) 2nd Curtin
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
15 Frank Forde 1945.jpg Frank Forde
(1890–1983)
MP for Capricornia, Qld
— (17th)5 July
1945
13 July
1945
7 days Labor Forde
(Caretaker)
[27]
16 Benchifley.jpg Ben Chifley
(1885–1951)
MP for Macquarie, NSW
— (17th)13 July
1945
19 December
1949
4 years, 159 days Labor 1st Chifley [28]
1946 (18th) 2nd Chifley
Sir William McKell
(12) Portrait Menzies 1950s.jpg Robert Menzies
(1894–1978)
MP for Kooyong, Vic
1949 (19th)19 December
1949
26 January
1966
16 years, 38 days Liberal
( Coalition )
4th Menzies [24]
1951 (20th) 5th Menzies
Elizabeth II
Sir William Slim
1954 (21st) 6th Menzies
1955 (22nd) 7th Menzies
1958 (23rd) 8th Menzies
Lord Dunrossil
Lord De L'Isle
1961 (24th) 9th Menzies
1963 (25th) 10th Menzies
Lord Casey
17 Harold Holt 1965 01.jpg Harold Holt
(1908–1967)
MP for Higgins, Vic
— (25th)26 January
1966
17 December
1967
[lower-alpha 4]
1 year, 327 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Holt [29]
1966 (26th) 2nd Holt
18 Sir John McEwen.jpg John McEwen
(1900–1980)
MP for Murray, Vic
— (26th)19 December
1967
10 January
1968
22 days Country
( Coalition )
McEwen
(Caretaker)
[30]
19 JohnGorton1968.jpg John Gorton
(1911–2002)
MP for Higgins, Vic [lower-alpha 5]
— (26th)10 January
1968
10 March
1971
3 years, 59 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Gorton [32]
Sir Paul Hasluck
1969 (27th) 2nd Gorton
20 McMahon 1971 (cropped).jpg William McMahon
(1908–1988)
MP for Lowe, NSW
— (27th)10 March
1971
5 December
1972
1 year, 270 days Liberal
( Coalition )
McMahon [33]
21 Gough Whitlam 1972 (cropped).jpg Gough Whitlam
(1916–2014)
MP for Werriwa, NSW
1972 (28th)5 December
1972
11 November
1975
2 years, 341 days Labor 1st Whitlam [34]
— (28th) 2nd Whitlam
1974 (29th) 3rd Whitlam
Sir John Kerr
22 Malcolm Fraser 1977 (cropped).jpg Malcolm Fraser
(1930–2015)
MP for Wannon, Vic
— (29th)11 November
1975
11 March
1983
7 years, 120 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Fraser [35]
1975 (30th) 2nd Fraser
Sir Zelman Cowen
1977 (31st) 3rd Fraser
1980 (32nd) 4th Fraser
Sir Ninian Stephen
23 Hawke Bob BANNER.jpg Bob Hawke
(1929–2019)
MP for Wills, Vic
1983 (33rd)11 March
1983
20 December
1991
8 years, 284 days Labor 1st Hawke [36]
1984 (34th) 2nd Hawke
1987 (35th) 3rd Hawke
Bill Hayden
1990 (36th) 4th Hawke
24 Keating Paul BANNER.jpg Paul Keating
(b. 1944)
MP for Blaxland, NSW
— (36th)20 December
1991
11 March
1996
4 years, 82 days Labor 1st Keating [37]
1993 (37th) 2nd Keating
Sir William Deane
25 Howard John BANNER.jpg John Howard
(b. 1939)
MP for Bennelong, NSW
1996 (38th)11 March
1996
3 December
2007
11 years, 267 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Howard [38]
1998 (39th) 2nd Howard
Peter Hollingworth
2001 (40th) 3rd Howard
Michael Jeffery
2004 (41st) 4th Howard
26 Kevin Rudd official portrait.jpg Kevin Rudd
(b. 1957)
MP for Griffith, Qld
2007 (42nd)3 December
2007
24 June
2010
2 years, 203 days Labor 1st Rudd [39]
Dame Quentin Bryce
27 Julia-gillard-official-portrait-pmc.jpg Julia Gillard
(b. 1961)
MP for Lalor, Vic
— (42nd)24 June
2010
27 June
2013
3 years, 3 days Labor 1st Gillard [40]
2010 (43rd) 2nd Gillard
(26) Kevin Rudd portrait.jpg Kevin Rudd
(b. 1957)
MP for Griffith, Qld
— (43rd)27 June
2013
18 September
2013
83 days Labor 2nd Rudd [39]
28 Prime Minister Tony Abbott.jpg Tony Abbott
(b. 1957)
MP for Warringah, NSW
2013 (44th)18 September
2013
15 September
2015
1 year, 362 days Liberal
( Coalition )
Abbott [41]
Sir Peter Cosgrove
29 Malcolm Turnbull PEO (cropped).jpg Malcolm Turnbull
(b. 1954)
MP for Wentworth, NSW
— (44th)15 September
2015
24 August
2018
2 years, 343 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Turnbull [42]
2016 (45th) 2nd Turnbull
30
Scott Morrison portrait.jpg
Scott Morrison
(b. 1968)
MP for Cook, NSW
— (45th)24 August
2018
23 May
2022
3 years, 272 days Liberal
( Coalition )
1st Morrison [43]
2019 (46th) 2nd Morrison
David Hurley
31 Anthony Albanese portrait (cropped).jpg Anthony Albanese
(b. 1963)
MP for Grayndler, NSW
2022 (47th)23 May
2022
Incumbent1 year, 336 days [lower-alpha 6] Labor Albanese [44]
Charles III

Timeline

Anthony AlbaneseScott MorrisonMalcolm TurnbullTony AbbottJulia GillardKevin RuddJohn HowardPaul KeatingBob HawkeMalcolm FraserGough WhitlamWilliam McMahonJohn GortonJohn McEwenHarold HoltBen ChifleyFrank FordeJohn CurtinArthur FaddenRobert MenziesEarle PageJoseph LyonsJames ScullinStanley BruceBilly HughesJoseph CookAndrew FisherGeorge ReidChris WatsonAlfred DeakinEdmund BartonList of prime ministers of Australia

Career-based timeline

This timeline shows most of the early life, the political career and death of each prime minister from 1901. The first prime minister was Edmund Barton in the early 20th century. [45]

Key

Notable moments

Timeline

Anthony AlbaneseScott MorrisonMalcolm TurnbullTony AbbottJulia GillardKevin RuddJohn HowardPaul KeatingBob HawkeMalcolm FraserGough WhitlamWilliam McMahonJohn GortonJohn McEwenHarold HoltBen ChifleyFrank FordeJohn CurtinArthur FaddenRobert MenziesEarle PageJoseph LyonsJames ScullinStanley BruceBilly HughesJoseph CookAndrew FisherGeorge Reid (Australian politician)Chris WatsonAlfred DeakinEdmund BartonList of prime ministers of Australia

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Ballarat was spelt Ballaarat until the 1973 election.
  2. Died in office
  3. Died in office
  4. Died in office
  5. Gorton was a Senator until he resigned from the Senate on 1 February 1968; he was elected to the House of Representatives at the Higgins by-election on 24 February 1968. [31]
  6. As of 23 April 2024

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