1971 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill

Liberal Party of Australia Leadership confidence motion, 1971

←  1969 10 March 1971

Candidate John Gorton No confidence Caucus vote 33 33 Percentage 50.0% 50.0% Seat Higgins (Vic.)

Leader before election John Gorton Elected Leader John Gorton

Liberal Party of Australia
leadership spill, 1971

10 March 1971 1972  →

Candidate William McMahon Billy Snedden First ballot 40 (est.) 26 (est.) Seat Lowe (NSW) Bruce (Vic.)

Leader before election John Gorton Elected Leader William McMahon

The Liberal Party of Australia held a leadership spill on 10 March 1971. Prime Minister John Gorton called for a vote of confidence in his leadership, which was tied, prompting Gorton to resign. William McMahon subsequently defeated Billy Snedden for the leadership, and was sworn in as prime minister on the same day. Gorton was elected as his deputy, defeating Malcolm Fraser and David Fairbairn.

Background

On 8 March 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser resigned from cabinet, supposedly over Gorton's failure to support him in a dispute with Chief of the General Staff Thomas Daly. The following day, Fraser gave a statement to the House of Representatives in which he excoriated Gorton and called him "not fit to hold the great office of prime minister". Fraser's actions brought to a head tensions over Gorton's leadership style, particularly what his opponents viewed as his lack of consultation with cabinet. In response, Gorton called a partyroom meeting for 10 a.m. on 10 March. ^{[1] [2]}

Meeting

The partyroom meeting began with an open debate on the leadership. Gorton, who was chairing the meeting, then called for a vote of confidence in his leadership, which was tied at 33 votes in favour and 33 votes opposed. Gorton supporter Duke Bonnett was the only absentee (due to illness); had he been present, Gorton would have received 34 votes. Under party rules of the time, Gorton could have retained the leadership. However, Gorton resigned, saying a tie vote was not a vote of confidence. He turned to Foreign Affairs Minister William McMahon and nominated him for the leadership, to the applause of his colleagues; Billy Snedden, the Minister for Labour and National Service, was the only other nominee. McMahon – who had been deputy leader of the Liberal Party since 1966 – defeated Snedden with what The Canberra Times called "a comparatively small majority". ^[3] The exact result was kept secret, as was the party's practice at the time, but has been estimated to have been 40 votes for McMahon to 26 for Snedden. ^[4]

After McMahon was elected as leader, there was a second ballot to elect his successor as deputy leader. Somewhat unexpectedly, Gorton put himself forward as a candidate and was elected, defeating Malcolm Fraser and backbencher David Fairbairn. McMahon was sworn in as prime minister by Governor-General Paul Hasluck later that afternoon; his full ministry was not sworn in until 22 March. ^[3]

Candidates

• William McMahon, incumbent Deputy Leader, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Member for Lowe
• Billy Snedden, Minister for Labour and National Service, Member for Bruce

Results

Liberal Party of Australia
deputy leadership ballot, March 1971

←  1969 1971 (Aug) →

Candidate John Gorton Malcolm Fraser David Fairbairn Caucus vote >33 <33 <33 Seat Higgins (VIC) Wannon (VIC) Farrer (NSW)

Deputy Leader before election William McMahon Elected Deputy Leader John Gorton

The following table gives the ballot result: ^[5]

Leadership ballot

Name		Votes	Percentage
	William McMahon	40 (est.)
	Billy Snedden	26 (est.)

Deputy leadership ballot

Name		Final ballot	Percentage
	John Gorton	>33
	Malcolm Fraser	<33
	David Fairbairn	<33

Aftermath

Gorton was sacked from cabinet for disloyalty in August 1971, and subsequently resigned the deputy leadership and was replaced by Snedden. ^[6] McMahon lost the December 1972 federal election to the Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam. ^[7]

Liberal Party of Australia
deputy leadership ballot, August 1971

← 1971 (Mar) 18 August 1971 1972  →

Candidate Billy Snedden Reginald Swartz Fourth ballot Majority Minority Seat Bruce (VIC) Darling Downs (QLD)

Deputy Leader before election John Gorton Elected Deputy Leader Billy Snedden

See also

• McMahon government

References

1. P.M. Faces Vote of Confidence, The Canberra Times, 10 March 1971.
2. Hughes's wintry blast for the undertaker PM, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 June 2002.
3. McMahon Becomes P.M., The Canberra Times, 11 March 2017.
4. Colin Hughes (1976), Mr Prime Minister: Australian Prime Ministers, 1901–1972, Oxford University Press, p. 194.
5. "I don't feel the slightest bit excited or emotional... I have seen Prime Ministers come and go' 'I am a very great believer in the system of Cabinet government, of full discussion in Cabinet' Mr McMAHON BECOMES P.M Mr Gorton goes to Defence". Canberra Times. 11 March 1971.
6. "Liberal Party Post". Canberra Times. 19 August 1971.
7. Australia's PMs > William McMahon > In office Archived 15 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine , National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 5 November 2017.