New South Wales Liberal Party

New South Wales Liberal Party The Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division
Abbreviation	NSWLP LPNSW LIB LP
Leader	Mark Speakman
Deputy Leader	Natalie Ward
President	Don Harwin
State Director	Chris Stone [a] [1]
Founder	Robert Menzies [2]
Founded	16 October 1944;80 years ago (16 October 1944)
Merger of	Liberal Democratic Democratic
Preceded by	United Australia
Headquarters	131 Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000
Membership (2023)	12,963 [3]
Ideology	Liberalism Conservatism Liberal conservatism [4] Factions: Centrism [5] [6] Christian right [7] Right-wing populism [8]
Political position	Centre-right Factions: Centre [5] [6] to right-wing [7] [8]
National affiliation	Federal Liberal
Political alliance	Liberal–National Coalition
Colours	Blue
Legislative Assembly	24 / 93
Legislative Council	9 / 42
House of Representatives	9 / 47 (NSW seats)
Senate	5 / 12 (NSW seats)
Local Government	115 / 1,480
Website
nswliberal.org.au
Politics of New South Wales Politics of Australia Political parties Elections

The New South Wales Liberal Party, officially called The Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division, ^[9] and colloquially known as the NSW Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in New South Wales. The party is currently in Opposition in New South Wales in a coalition with the National Party. The party is part of the federal Liberal Party.

Following the Liberal Party's formation in October 1944, the NSW division of the Liberal Party was formed in January 1945. For the following months, the Democratic Party and Liberal Democratic Party joined the Liberal Party and were replaced by the new party's NSW division.

In the 74 years since its foundation, the party has won eight state elections to the Labor Party's 13, and has spent 27 years in office (1965 to 1976, 1988 to 1995 and 2011 to 2023) to Labor's 46. Eight leaders have become Premier of New South Wales; of those, five, Sir Robert Askin, Nick Greiner, Barry O'Farrell, Mike Baird and Gladys Berejiklian, have won at least one state election.

History

Background

See also: United Australia Party, Liberal Democratic Party (New South Wales), Commonwealth Party (New South Wales), and Democratic Party (1943)

After the 1943 federal election, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), United Australia Party (UAP) and Commonwealth Party began discussions on a merger to form a new party, proposed to be also named Democratic Party. The Liberal Democratic Party (NSW) were new parties formed a few months prior in April and May 1943 respectively. By November 1943, discussions were almost completed and unity was likely. ^[10] The County Party refused to join in the merger but expressed they would co-operate with the new party. ^[11] However, during the unity conference on 24 November 1943, the LDP walked out of the conference as they were not willing to support retaining the secretary of the UAP, H. W. Horsfield, as the secretary of the new party, as well as retaining members of his staff. ^{[12] [13]} Instead, during the same conference, the Commonwealth Party and the New South Wales Democratic Party. ^[14] As such, LDP remained a separate party to the Democratic Party.

The initial leader of the Democratic Party was the former premier Alexander Mair, ^[15] but he resigned on 2 February 1944 and was replaced by Reginald Weaver on 10 February. ^{[16] [13]}

In the lead up to the 1944 state election in May, the LDP party generated publicity disproportionate to its size and the Sydney Morning Herald commented that the Liberal Democratic Party was "a mouse" attempting to "swallow the Democratic Party lion". ^[17] At the election, the Democratic Party led by Weaver won 19% of the vote and 12 of the 90 seats in the Legislative Assembly. However, the LDP received less than 4% of the primary vote and did not win a seat.

Horsfield, the secretary of the Democratic Party, resigned on 26 July 1944, paving the way for a LDP-Democratic merger again. ^[13] In August 1944, the LDP, still led by Ernest White, initially agreed to merge with the Democratic Party and the new party to be known as the United Democratic Party. ^[18] However, two days after federal UAP leader Robert Menzies announced that he was planning to set up a new "political movement with a Liberal policy" at an October conference, negotiations between LDP and Democratic Party broke down and the party merger did not take place. ^[13]

Founding of Liberal Party

In October 1944, Menzies founded the Liberal Party of Australia during a conference in Canberra as announced in August, attended by LDP and Democratic Party delegates. ^[19] The New South Wales division of the Liberal Party was formed on 4 January 1945 with a provisional executive appointed, consisting of 20 LDP and Democratic Party members including White, Weaver and Bill Spooner. ^[20] Spooner, who was nominated by the LDP, was appointed as the first chairman on 9 January. ^[21]

The LDP was willing to support the formation of the Liberal Party and dissolved itself on 15 January 1945, officially joining the Liberal Party. ^[22] The Democratic Party also supported the formation but held off dissolution until a state branch of the Liberal Party had been fully constituted. ^[23] Weaver and parliamentary members of the Democratic Party were dissatisfied with the Liberal Party executive's attitude towards Democratic Party members and supporters, with Weaver tendering his resignation from the provisional council of the state Liberal Party in February 1945. ^[24] However, he withdrew his resignation in March 1945, and announced that all Democratic Party parliamentary members would join the Liberal Party. ^[25]

In the 1945 Ryde state by-election in February, Liberal member Eric Hearnshaw was elected to the New South Wales parliament. As Democratic Party parliamentary members including Weaver at that time had not yet joined the Liberal Party, this made Hearnshaw the first Liberal Party member in the New South Wales parliament. ^[26] Weaver and other Democratic parliamentary members finally joined the Liberal Party on 20 April 1945, with Weaver becoming the first parliamentary leader of the NSW Liberal Party. ^[27] On the same day, Albert Reid, independent member for Manly and a former UAP member, also joined the Liberal Party. This brought the total number of Liberal Party legislative assembly members to 14. ^[28]

Weaver died later in the year in November and he was succeeded by Mair as NSW Liberal Party leader. Mair resigned four months later in March 1946 to contest the Australian Senate, and was succeeded by Vernon Treatt as party leader. Treatt led the Liberal Party opposition in the state parliament for the next eight years.

Present of the Liberal Party

The Liberal/National Coalition won a landslide victory in the 2011 state election, with the Liberal Party winning 51 of the 93 lower house seats, enough for a majority in its own right. Liberal leader Barry O'Farrell opted to retain the Coalition. The Coalition has since governed New South Wales under Liberal leaders Mike Baird, Gladys Berejiklian and Dominic Perrottet, the former two winning the 2015 state election and 2019 state election respectively. The 2019 election was significant as it was the first time that the Coalition won a third consecutive term in office in New South Wales since the 1971 state election. It was also the first that a female leader (Gladys Berejiklian) led a party to a state election victory in New South Wales, and the first time a non-Labor female leader won a state election in Australia. Berejiklian stepped down on 5 October 2021 and was replaced as party leader and Premier by Perrottet.

In the March 2023 state election, the Liberal Party lost to a minority Labor Government led by Chris Minns. The Liberal Party is currently led by Mark Speakman since the 2023 New South Wales Liberal Party leadership election.

On 14 August 2024 after nominations for the 2024 Local Government elections had closed at midday the Liberal Party announced they had not nominated several previously endorsed candidates. ^[29]

In September 2024, the state executive was suspended by the Federal Liberals. ^[30]

Preselection procedures

In 2018, the New South Wales Liberal Party agreed to adopt new rules for preselecting candidates, which were championed by former Prime Minister and incumbent Liberal member for Warringah Tony Abbott who is aligned with the right wing faction of the party. The rules, known as Warringah rules, gave local branches the right to hold plebiscites involving all eligible branch members to choose local, state and federal candidates. The party's state executive and the state council would still get 25% of the votes. It was reported that the right faction pushed for the rules as it believed members were more conservative than the state executive which were controlled by moderate members of the party. ^[31]

2022 federal election

See also: 2022 Australian federal election

On 30 November 2021, the party was unable to hold its scheduled Annual General Meeting (AGM) to select members of the state executive due to complications from COVID-19. ^[32] Immigration Minister Alex Hawke, who was the representative of federal party leader and Prime Minister Scott Morrison, also allegedly failed to attend internal Liberal Party nomination review committee meetings.

Not holding an AGM could constitute a breach in the party constitution, which meant that the state executive could not continue in office after 28 February 2022, and this would mean that the federal executive would have to step in to choose New South Wales candidates for 2022 federal election, due in May 2022. The Supreme Court of New South Wales ruled that the state executive could still continue after this date. ^[33] On 2 March 2022, the state executive tried to fast-track pre-selection plebiscites in seats that did not have candidates finalised, by overriding the constitutional requirements for plebiscites with special powers. However, this did not attain the required 90% state executive support to do so. ^{[34] [35] [31]} On 4 March, the federal executive voted to temporarily dissolve the state party and a committee was set up to take over the management of the state party until 8 March, "in accordance with clause 12.3 of the federal constitution of the Liberal Party". The committee, made up of Morrison, Perrottet, and former party president Chris McDiven, had direct control in endorsing candidates without preselection challenges. ^{[36] [37]} The committee confirmed the pre-selection of three incumbent federal members of parliament, two of whom were ministers on 8 March. ^[38] The federal executive also gave the state party until 25 March 2022 to finalise candidates in other federal seats. While the Senate candidates could be finalised, the state party was still unable to do so for a number of seats by 27 March 2022. As a result, on that day, the federal executive voted to temporarily dissolve the state party for the second time and appointed the same Morrison-led committee to preselect candidates in other remaining unfinalised seats until 2 April. ^[39] Pre-selection ballots intended to be held for these seats in the coming week were all cancelled.

Members who opposed overriding local branch preselection include Sydney businessman Matthew Camenzuli, who was a member of the state executive. As of 30 March 2022 ^[update] , these members had brought the matter to court, seeking to challenge the legitimacy of the committee's preselection of the three incumbent members of parliament on 8 March 2022 and nine other candidates on 2 April 2022. ^[31] Morrison and Perrottet have urged them to take the matter to the High Court of Australia instead so that the result cannot be appealed further. On 5 April, the New South Wales Court of Appeal ruled that the court had no jurisdiction to make decisions relating to the constitutions of political parties, thereby ruling the preselection of the 12 candidates valid. ^[40] Camenzuli brought the matter further to High Court for appeal but it was dismissed on 8 April. ^[41] Camenzuli was also expelled from the party. ^[42]

Parliamentary party leaders

Leader of the Liberal Party
Incumbent The Hon. Mark Speakman MP since 21 April 2023
Inaugural holder	Reginald Weaver
Formation	20 April 1945
Deputy	Natalie Ward

The position of leader of the Liberal Party of Australia New South Wales Division is a formal role held by a Liberal member of the Parliament of New South Wales. As the Liberal Party has, since its foundation in 1945, been either the largest or second largest party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, its leader is usually either the Premier or the Leader of the Opposition, depending on the majority or minority respectively of the party. The current leader of the Liberal Party is Mark Speakman, and the deputy leader is Natalie Ward.

The role is selected by state members of the parliamentary party, but the position is non-fixed in duration, and is usually only vacated upon resignation, retirement from politics, or a spill motion with the support of the majority of the parliamentary members.

The leader only has a role in a parliamentary context; the party division as a whole is governed by a President and Vice-Presidents, who act on the advice of the party division's Director and Deputy Directors. The division also gathers annually at a State Conference to vote on and develop policy to be used by the party's elected representatives. The majority of the twenty Liberal Leaders resigned after losing elections or were deposed by other parliamentary members.

#	Party leader [43] [44]	Assumed office [45]	Left office [45]	Premier	Reason for departure	Time in office
1	Reginald Weaver	20 April 1945	12 November 1945		Died in office	206 days
2	Alexander Mair	13 November 1945	20 March 1946	1939–1941	Resigned; Premier under UAP	127 days
3	Sir Vernon Treatt	20 March 1946	10 August 1954		Resigned	8 years, 143 days
4	Murray Robson	17 August 1954	20 September 1955		Deposed	1 year, 34 days
5	Pat Morton	20 September 1955	17 July 1959		Deposed	3 years, 300 days
6	Sir Robert Askin	17 July 1959	3 January 1975	1965–1975	Retired	15 years, 170 days
7	Tom Lewis	3 January 1975	23 January 1976	1975–1976	Deposed	1 year, 20 days
8	Sir Eric Willis	23 January 1976	16 December 1977	1976	Resigned	1 year, 327 days
9	Peter Coleman	16 December 1977	7 October 1978		Lost seat at 1978 election	295 days
10	John Mason	24 October 1978	29 May 1981		Deposed	2 years, 217 days
11	Bruce McDonald	1 June 1981	12 October 1981		Lost seat at 1981 election	133 days
12	John Dowd	20 October 1981	15 March 1983		Resigned	1 year, 146 days
13	Nick Greiner	15 March 1983	24 June 1992	1988–1992	Resigned due to an ICAC investigation and prior to a no confidence motion	9 years, 101 days
14	John Fahey	24 June 1992	4 April 1995	1992–1995	Resigned following 1995 election	2 years, 284 days
15	Peter Collins	4 April 1995	7 December 1998		Deposed	3 years, 247 days
16	Kerry Chikarovski	7 December 1998	28 March 2002		Deposed	3 years, 111 days
17	John Brogden	28 March 2002	29 August 2005		Resigned	3 years, 154 days
18	Peter Debnam	1 September 2005	4 April 2007		Resigned following 2007 election	1 year, 218 days
19	Barry O'Farrell	4 April 2007	16 April 2014	2011–2014	Resigned due to an ICAC investigation	7 years, 9 days
20	Mike Baird	17 April 2014	23 January 2017	2014–2017	Retired	2 years, 282 days
21	Gladys Berejiklian	23 January 2017	5 October 2021	2017–2021	Resigned due to an ICAC investigation	4 years, 255 days
22	Dominic Perrottet	5 October 2021	25 March 2023	2021–2023	Resigned following the 2023 New South Wales state election	1 year, 171 days
23	Mark Speakman	21 April 2023	present			1 year, 236 days

Deputy leaders

Party Leader	Start of Term	End of Term
Athol Richardson	1945	1945
Vernon Treatt	1946	1946
Walter Howarth	1946	1954
Robert Askin	1954	1959
Eric Willis	1959	1975
John Maddison	1975	1977
John Mason	1977	1978
Bruce McDonald	1978	1981
Jim Cameron	1981	1981
Kevin Rozzoli	1981	1983
Rosemary Foot	1983	1986
Peter Collins	1986	1992
Bruce Baird	1992	1994
Kerry Chikarovski	1994	1995
Ron Phillips	1995	1999
Barry O'Farrell	1999	2002
Chris Hartcher	2002	2003
Barry O'Farrell	2003	2007
Jillian Skinner	2007	2014
Gladys Berejiklian	2014	2017
Dominic Perrottet	2017	2021
Stuart Ayres	2021	2022
Matt Kean	2022	2023
Natalie Ward	2023	present

Electoral performance

Legislative Assembly

Election	Leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Position	Status
1947	Vernon Treatt	470,485	29.60	18 / 90	6	2nd	Opposition
1950		604,428	37.51	29 / 94	11	2nd	Opposition
1953		432,739	27.94	22 / 94	9	2nd	Opposition
1956	Pat Morton	594,740	35.11	27 / 94	5	2nd	Opposition
1959		603,718	35.35	28 / 94	1	2nd	Opposition
1962	Bob Askin	671,716	34.85	25 / 94	3	2nd	Opposition
1965		807,868	39.59	31 / 94	6	1st	Minority coalition
1968		831,514	38.47	39 / 94	4	2nd	Majority coalition
1971		799,801	35.74	32 / 96	7	2nd	Majority coalition
1973		843,325	33.85	34 / 99	2	2nd	Majority coalition
1976	Eric Willis	978,886	36.29	30 / 99	4	2nd	Opposition
1978	Peter Coleman	754,796	26.98	18 / 99	12	2nd	Opposition
1981	Bruce McDonald	775,463	27.62	14 / 99	4	2nd	Opposition
1984	Nick Greiner	967,395	32.17	22 / 99	8	2nd	Opposition
1988		1,147,613	35.80	39 / 109	17	2nd	Majority coalition
1991		1,053,100	34.16	32 / 99	7	2nd	Minority coalition
1995	John Fahey	1,121,190	32.84	29 / 99	3	2nd	Opposition
1999	Kerry Chikarovski	927,368	24.82	20 / 93	9	2nd	Opposition
2003	John Brogden	944,888	24.72	20 / 93	0	2nd	Opposition
2007	Peter Debnam	1,061,269	26.94	22 / 93	2	2nd	Opposition
2011	Barry O'Farrell	1,602,457	38.58	51 / 93	29	1st	Majority coalition
2015	Mike Baird	1,545,168	35.08	37 / 93	14	1st	Majority coalition
2019	Gladys Berejiklian	1,456,010	31.99	35 / 93	2	2nd	Majority coalition
2023	Dominic Perrottet	1,259,253	26.78	25 / 93	10	2nd	Opposition

See also

• New South Wales National Party

Notes

1. Appointed due to federal intervention.

References

1. Smith, Alexandra (3 September 2024). "NSW Liberals forced into 10-month federal takeover after council fiasco". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024. Former NSW state director Chris Stone has been drafted back to the party in a temporary role after his successor Richard Shields was sacked over the debacle. Harwin initially survived, heaping all the blame on Shields and threatening legal action against the NSW Electoral Commission.
2. "Our History". nswliberal.org.au. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
3. Maddison, Max (1 June 2023). "NSW Liberal membership declines as battle over democracy heats up" . The Australian . Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2024. Handed to state executive members on Friday evening, the leaked snapshot of the Liberal division's membership underlines the continuing existential struggle the major parties have in attracting millennials and Gen Z-ers to their cause. The research revealed the party's membership marginally increased to 12,963 as of May, a rise of 585; with 10,319 fee-paying and 2018 non-financial members. The figure has slipped from 13,376 at the end of 2019, and about 70,000 in 1970.
4. Nicole A. Thomas; Tobias Loetscher; Danielle Clode; Mike Nicholls (2012). "Right-Wing Politicians Prefer the Emotional Left". PLOS ONE . 7 (5): 4. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...736552T. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.270.2043 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036552 . PMC   3342249 . PMID   22567166. The Liberal Party of Australia has an ideology in line with liberal conservatism and is therefore right of centre.
5. "The Liberal brand is tarnished. Some hard truths must be faced in the wake of another election loss | NSW election 2023 | the Guardian".
6. ""We're Not Victoria" Insist Extremely Nervous NSW Liberals". 27 November 2018.
7. Rabe, Tom; Maley, Jacqueline (8 August 2019). "Conservative Christian plot to take 'control' of NSW Liberal Party". The Sydney Morning Herald .
8. Rose, Tamsin (22 March 2022). "NSW Liberal MP criticised after speaking at anti-vaccination rally". The Guardian .
9. "Constitution of the Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division" (PDF). elections.nsw.gov.au. New South Wales Liberal Party. 5 August 2022. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2023. The name of the Division is 'The Liberal Party of Australia, New South Wales Division'.
10. "U.A.P. Dissolved - New Body In N.S.W." The West Australian. 9 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
11. "Agreement Reached by 3 Non-Labor Parties - C.P. Gives Support, Preserves Identity". The Daily Telegraph. 5 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
12. "L.D. Delegates Walked Out". The Herald. 24 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
13. "Labor Haters Won't Talk "Unity" With Menzies At Helm". Worker. 4 September 1944. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
14. ""Democratic Party" Formed". Sydney Morning Herald. 25 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
15. "Democratic Party". The Mercury. 10 December 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
16. "Mr Mair resigns". Sydney Morning Herald 10 February 1944 p4. Australian National Library. 10 February 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
17. "Election prospects: Discord in opposition". Sydney Morning Herald 24 May 1944 p2. Australian National Library. 24 May 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
18. "Parties will unite". Sydney Morning Herald 26 August 1944 p4. Australian National Library. 26 August 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
19. "Forming the Liberal Party of Australia - Record of the Conference of Representatives of Non-Labor Organisations" (PDF). 16 October 1944. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
20. "Executives Elected By Liberals". The Daily Telegraph. 5 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
21. "Mr. W. H. Spooner Elected Chairman Liberal Party". The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate. 9 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
22. "Liberal Democratic Party dissolved". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 16 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
23. "Democratic Party". Barrier Miner. 16 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
24. "Why Mr. Weaver Resigned". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 March 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
25. "Mr. Weaver to Remain in Liberal Party". Sydney Morning Herald. 6 March 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
26. "The first Liberal for 30 years". The Sun. 11 February 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
27. "Liberal Party - Parliamentary Section Formed". National Advocate. 21 April 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
28. "Change of Name for Parlt. Party". The Daily Telegraph. 21 April 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
29. Maddison, Max; Smith, Alexandra; Gorrey, Megan (14 August 2024). "NSW Liberals in chaos as party fails to nominate council candidates" . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
30. Dole, Nick (3 September 2024). "Federal Liberals' plan to take over NSW division hits hurdle after former MP refuses administration role". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
31. Davcies, Anne; Karp, Paul (30 March 2022). "NSW Liberal preselection crisis: why Morrison and Perrottet want to rush case to high court". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
32. Cockburn, Paige (24 February 2022). "Court asked to rule in long-running Liberal Party power struggle over who gets to choose candidates in NSW seats". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
33. "Court settles stoush between Liberal Party NSW and federal executives". ABC News. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
34. Davies, Anne (2 March 2022). "NSW Liberals to consider fresh preselection plan to avoid federal intervention". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
35. Davies, Anne (2 March 2022). "Preselection peace deal blocked by NSW Liberals executive but could form basis of federal intervention". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
36. Osborne, Paul (4 March 2022). "Federal Liberals step in over NSW stoush". AAP . Archived from the original on 4 September 2024 – via 7News.
37. Cockburn, Gerard; Barlow, Karen (4 March 2022). "Federal arm of Liberal Party takes over NSW branch for not complying with preselection rules" . Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
38. Gianni, Dominic (8 March 2022). "PM avoids minister pre-selection stoush". AAP. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2022– via 7News.
39. Cockburn, Gerard (27 March 2022). "Scott Morrison, Dominic Perrottet and Christine McDiven take over NSW Liberals branch for second time in a month" . Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
40. Cockburn, Paige (5 April 2022). "Scott Morrison's court win as appeal against NSW Liberal pre-selections dismissed". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024.
41. Byrne, Elizabeth; Worthington, Brett (8 April 2022). "High Court throws out challenge to NSW Liberal preselections, clearing way for Prime Minister to call federal election". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
42. Thompson, Angus; Koziol, Michael (7 April 2022). "Liberal preselection challenger kicked out of party due to court case". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
43. "Leaders of the NSW Liberal Party". Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
44. "Our Leaders". nswliberal.org.au. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
45. "Former Members". Parliament of New South Wales . Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2019.