Mohammed Hamza az-Zubeidi (1938 – December 2,2005) (Arabic :محمدحمزةالزبيدي) was an Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993. He is on the "Saddam's Dirty Dozen" list of people responsible for torture and murder in Iraq,playing a key role in Iraq's brutal suppression of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings. He was featured in Iraqi news film kicking and beating captured rebels.
Az-Zubeidi was a Ba'athist whose loyalty lay with his ethnicity (Arab) rather than his personal faith. [1] He played a key part in the suppression of the multi-ethnic Shiite uprising in March 1991. He became the country's Prime minister in September that year and remained in this position for two years,until he was replaced by Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai in September 1993.
He was a member of the Revolutionary Command Council and the commander of the Central Euphrates military district,but had not been in power for two years.
He was the Queen of Spades in the deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards issued by the US government during the war in Iraq. After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime,he was captured on April 20,2003,near the small city of Mahaweel.
He remained in American custody until his death of natural causes in a military hospital on December 2,2005. [1] On that day,an American spokesman revealed that someone had died in a military hospital but did not reveal his name. Two days later,Saddam Hussein's half-brother Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti announced Zubeidi's death at his trial,complaining that they were both suffering from cancer and that he did not want to end up dead like Zubeidi because of what he claimed was poor medical treatment.
Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Nasiri al-Tikriti was an Iraqi politician,military leader,and the second son of Saddam Hussein. He was appointed as his father's heir apparent in 2000. He was also in charge of the Republican Guard,a branch of the Iraqi military. Although he had a lower public profile compared to his brother Uday,he was said to have had a key role in crushing opposition during the 1991 Iraqi uprisings. Qusay,his son Mustafa,and his brother Uday were killed in a 2003 U.S. raid in Mosul.
Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until his overthrow in 2003. He previously served as the vice president of Iraq from 1968 to 1979 and also served as prime minister from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and later its Iraqi regional branch. Ideologically,he espoused Ba'athism,a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism,while the policies and political ideas he championed are collectively known as Saddamism.
Tariq Aziz was an Iraqi politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister (1979–2003),Minister of Foreign Affairs (1983–1991) and a close advisor of President Saddam Hussein. Their association began in the 1950s when both were activists for the then-banned Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. He was both an Arab nationalist and a member of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
Under the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party,Iraq's human rights record was considered one of the worst in the world. Secret police,state terrorism,torture,mass murder,genocide,ethnic cleansing,rape,deportations,extrajudicial killings,forced disappearances,assassinations,chemical warfare,and the destruction of the Mesopotamian marshes were some of the methods Saddam Hussein and the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. Saddam committed crimes of aggression during the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War,which violated the Charter of the United Nations. The total number of deaths and disappearances related to repression during this period is unknown,but is estimated to be at least 250,000 to 290,000 according to Human Rights Watch,with the great majority of those occurring as a result of the Anfal genocide in 1988 and the suppression of the uprisings in Iraq in 1991. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture.
Taha Yasin Ramadan al-Jizrawi was an Iraqi military officer and politician,who served as one of the three vice presidents of Iraq from March 1991 to the fall of Saddam Hussein in April 2003 and the commander of the Popular Army.
Watban Ibrahim al-Nasiri was an Iraqi politician and former Interior Minister of Iraq. He was the half-brother of Saddam Hussein and the brother of Barzan al-Tikriti. He was taken into coalition custody on April 13,2003,following his capture as he tried fleeing to Syria. He died in prison of natural causes in 2015.
Saddam Hussein,the deposed president of Iraq,was captured by the United States military in the town of Ad-Dawr,Iraq on 13 December 2003. Codenamed Operation Red Dawn,this military operation was named after the 1984 American film Red Dawn.
Ayad Allawi is an Iraqi politician. He served as the vice president of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2018. Previously he was interim prime minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the president of the Governing Council of Iraq in 2003.
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq,evidence began to emerge of failed attempts by the Iraqi government to bring the conflict to a peaceful resolution.
The Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT),formerly the Iraqi Special Tribunal and sometimes referred to as the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal,is a body established under Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide,crimes against humanity,war crimes or other serious crimes committed between 1968 and 2003. It organized the trial of Saddam Hussein and other members of his Ba'ath Party regime.
Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf was an Iraqi-Kurdish politician and diplomat who served as the Vice president of Iraq from 1974 until the U.S. invasion in April 2003. He was also a member of the Revolutionary Command Council,making him one of the few Kurdish leaders to hold a prominent position within the Baathist regime,albeit in a largely ceremonial capacity.
The deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein was tried by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office.
Abdul Razzaq Said al-Naif was an Iraqi military officer and politician who briefly served as the Prime Minister of Iraq in July 1968 until he was deposed in the same month of that year. He was assassinated in 1978 under the orders of Saddam Hussein.
Abdul Karim al-Kabariti is a Jordanian politician and businessman who was the 30th Prime Minister of Jordan from 4 February 1996 to 9 March 1997.
The 1991 Iraqi uprisings were ethnic and religious uprisings against Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime in Iraq that were led by Shia Arabs and Kurds. The uprisings lasted from March to April 1991 after a ceasefire following the end of the Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency was fueled by the perception that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War,both of which occurred within a single decade and devastated the population and economy of Iraq.
Hardan 'Abdul Ghaffar al-Tikriti was a senior Iraqi Air Force commander,Iraqi politician and ambassador who was assassinated on the orders of Saddam Hussein. Additionally he held the titles of vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and vice president of Iraq.
The interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his capture by U.S. forces in December 2003,while the deposed president of Iraq was held at the Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004,the interrogation program,codenamed Operation Desert Spider,was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam,identified as "High Value Detainee #1" in the documents,was the subject of 20 "formal interviews" followed by five "casual conversations." Questioning covered the span of Saddam's political career,from 2003 when he was found hiding in a "spider hole" on a farm near his home town of Tikrit,back to his role in a failed 1959 coup attempt in Iraq,after which he had taken refuge in the very same place,one report noted.
Kosrat Rasul Ali is a Kurdish politician and the leader of the Supreme Political Council of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK),veteran Peshmerga military leader,former Prime Minister,and former Vice President of the Kurdistan Region.
Mohammad Mahdi Salih Al-Rawi is an Iraqi politician who was Trade Minister in the government of President Saddam Hussein. He was the Minister of Finance from 1989 to 1991.
Mizban Khadr al-Hadi was an Iraqi general and politician. He served as a member of the Revolutionary Command Council from 1991 to 2001.