List of American supercentenarians

Last updated

American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of the United States who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. As of January 2015, the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of 782 American supercentenarians. [1] [ needs update ] As of October 27, 2024, it lists the oldest living American as Naomi Whitehead (born in Greenville, Pennsylvania on September 26, 1910), aged 114 years, 31 days. [2] The longest-lived person ever from the United States is Sarah Knauss, of Hollywood, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, who died on December 30, 1999, aged 119 years and 97 days. [3] [4]

Contents

100 oldest known Americans

Below is a list of the 100 longest lived American supercentenarians according to the GRG and reliable sourcing. [1] [5]

  Deceased  Living

RankNameSexBirth dateDeath dateAgeBirthplacePlace of death
or residence
1 Sarah Knauss [1]
F
September 24, 1880December 30, 1999119 years, 97 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
2 Maria Branyas [6]
F
March 4, 1907August 19, 2024 [7] 117 years, 168 days California Spain
3 Delphia Welford [8]
F
September 9, 1875November 14, 1992117 years, 66 days Mississippi Tennessee
4 Susannah Mushatt Jones [5]
F
July 6, 1899May 12, 2016116 years, 311 days Alabama New York
5Gertrude Weaver [5]
F
July 4, 1898April 6, 2015116 years, 276 days Arkansas Arkansas
6 Elizabeth Bolden [1]
F
August 15, 1890December 11, 2006116 years, 118 daysTennesseeTennessee
7 Besse Cooper [5]
F
August 26, 1896December 4, 2012116 years, 100 daysTennessee Georgia
8Easter Wiggins [9]
F
June 1, 1874July 7, 1990116 years, 36 daysMississippiMississippi
9 Jeralean Talley [5]
F
May 23, 1899June 17, 2015116 years, 25 daysGeorgia Michigan
10 Edith Ceccarelli [6]
F
February 5, 1908February 22, 2024 [10] 116 years, 17 daysCaliforniaCalifornia
11Ella Miller [11]
F
December 6, 1884November 21, 2000115 years, 351 daysTennessee Virginia
12 Maggie Barnes [1] [lower-alpha 1]
F
March 6, 1882January 19, 1998115 years, 319 days North Carolina North Carolina
13Dina Manfredini [5]
F
April 4, 1897December 17, 2012115 years, 257 days Italy Iowa
14 Christian Mortensen [1]
M
August 16, 1882April 25, 1998115 years, 252 days Denmark California
15Hester Ford [5]
F
August 15, 1905April 17, 2021 [12] 115 years, 245 days South Carolina North Carolina
16 Edna Parker [5]
F
April 20, 1893November 26, 2008115 years, 220 days Indiana Indiana
17Margaret Skeete [1]
F
October 27, 1878May 7, 1994115 years, 192 days Texas Virginia
18 Bernice Madigan [5]
F
July 24, 1899January 3, 2015115 years, 163 days Massachusetts Massachusetts
19Gertrude Baines [5]
F
April 6, 1894September 11, 2009115 years, 158 daysGeorgiaCalifornia
20 Bettie Wilson [1]
F
September 13, 1890February 13, 2006115 years, 153 daysMississippiMississippi
21Iris Westman [5]
F
August 28, 1905January 3, 2021 [13] 115 years, 128 days North Dakota North Dakota
22 Marie-Josephine Gaudette [5]
F
March 25, 1902July 13, 2017115 years, 110 days New Hampshire Italy
23Susie Gibson [1]
F
October 31, 1890February 16, 2006115 years, 108 daysMississippiAlabama
Thelma Sutcliffe [5]
F
October 1, 1906January 17, 2022 [14] Nebraska Nebraska
25Edna Kern [8]
F
October 14, 1900January 20, 2016115 years, 98 daysCalifornia Nevada
26 Elizabeth Francis [2]
F
July 25, 1909October 22, 2024 [15] 115 years, 89 days Louisiana Texas
27Augusta Holtz [1]
F
August 3, 1871October 21, 1986115 years, 79 days Prussia [lower-alpha 2] Missouri
28Bessie Hendricks [16]
F
November 7, 1907January 3, 2023 [17] 115 years, 57 daysIowaIowa
29 Maud Farris-Luse [18]
F
February 21, 1887March 18, 2002115 years, 25 daysMichiganMichigan
30Antonia Gerena Rivera [5]
F
May 19, 1900June 2, 2015115 years, 14 days Puerto Rico [lower-alpha 3] Florida
31 Mary Bidwell [20]
F
May 9, 1881April 25, 1996114 years, 352 days Connecticut Connecticut
32Hazel Plummer [16]
F
June 19, 1908May 25, 2023 [21] 114 years, 340 daysMassachusettsMassachusetts
33Ophelia Burks [9]
F
October 25, 1903September 27, 2018114 years, 337 daysLouisianaLouisiana
34Mary Josephine Ray [5]
F
May 17, 1895March 7, 2010114 years, 294 days Canada New Hampshire
35Goldie Steinberg [5]
F
October 30, 1900August 16, 2015114 years, 290 days Moldova [lower-alpha 4] New York
36Delphine Gibson [5]
F
August 17, 1903May 9, 2018114 years, 265 daysSouth CarolinaPennsylvania
37Mary Royster [22]
F
April 15, 1875December 28, 1989114 years, 257 daysVirginiaNorth Carolina
38Neva Morris [5]
F
August 3, 1895April 6, 2010114 years, 246 daysIowaIowa
39Blanche Cobb [5]
F
September 8, 1900May 1, 2015114 years, 235 daysGeorgiaFlorida
40Mila Mangold [5]
F
November 14, 1907July 2, 2022 [23] 114 years, 230 daysNebraskaCalifornia
41Myrtle Dorsey [24]
F
November 20, 1885June 25, 2000114 years, 218 days Ohio Ohio
42Carrie Lazenby [25]
F
February 9, 1882September 4, 1996114 years, 208 daysGeorgia Illinois
43 Walter Breuning [5]
M
September 21, 1896April 14, 2011114 years, 205 days Minnesota Montana
44Eunice Sanborn [5]
F
July 20, 1896January 31, 2011114 years, 195 daysLouisianaTexas
45Grace Clawson [1]
F
November 15, 1887May 28, 2002114 years, 194 days United Kingdom New York
46Wilhelmina Kott [1]
F
March 7, 1880September 6, 1994114 years, 183 daysIllinoisIllinois
Adelina Domingues [1]
F
February 19, 1888August 21, 2002 Cape Verde [lower-alpha 5] California
48Lucy Mirigian [5]
F
August 15, 1906February 12, 2021114 years, 181 days Armenia [lower-alpha 6] California
49 Charlotte Benkner [1]
F
November 16, 1889May 14, 2004114 years, 180 days Germany Ohio
50Ettie Mae Greene [26]
F
September 19, 1877February 26, 1992114 years, 160 days West Virginia West Virginia
51Dominga Velasco [5]
F
May 12, 1901October 11, 2015114 years, 152 days Mexico California
52Irene Frank [1]
F
October 1, 1881February 28, 1996114 years, 150 daysTexasMissouri
53Georgia Ella Jordan [27]
F
September 18, 1880February 9, 1995114 years, 144 daysGeorgiaVirginia
54Olivia Patricia Thomas [5]
F
June 29, 1895November 16, 2009114 years, 140 daysIowaNew York
Alelia Murphy [5]
F
July 6, 1905November 23, 2019North CarolinaNew York
56Irene Dunham [5]
F
December 16, 1907May 1, 2022 [28] 114 years, 136 daysMichiganMichigan
57Nina Willis [16]
F
January 14, 1909May 17, 2023 [29] 114 years, 123 daysGeorgiaGeorgia
Pearl Berg [6]
F
October 1, 1909February 1, 2024 [30] IndianaCalifornia
59Anna Henderson [5]
F
March 5, 1900July 1, 2014114 years, 118 daysGeorgiaPennsylvania
60 Emma Verona Johnston [1]
F
August 6, 1890December 1, 2004114 years, 117 daysIowaOhio
Mamie Rearden [1]
F
September 7, 1898January 2, 2013South CarolinaGeorgia
Erna Zahn [5]
F
April 14, 1908August 9, 2022 [31] Wisconsin Minnesota
63Bettie Chatmon [1]
F
April 30, 1884August 16, 1998114 years, 108 daysLouisianaTexas
Lessie Brown [5]
F
September 22, 1904January 8, 2019GeorgiaOhio
65Odie Matthews [1]
F
December 28, 1878April 14, 1993114 years, 107 daysTexas Arizona
66Florence Knapp [1]
F
October 10, 1873January 11, 1988114 years, 93 daysPennsylvaniaPennsylvania
Elena Slough [1]
F
July 4, 1889October 5, 2003Pennsylvania New Jersey
68Mary Anna Boone [1]
F
February 10, 1887May 13, 2001114 years, 92 days Kentucky Kentucky
69Minnie Whicker [5]
F
July 24, 1906October 22, 2020114 years, 90 daysArkansasCalifornia
70Delma Kollar [5]
F
October 31, 1897January 24, 2012114 years, 85 days Kansas Oregon
71Ila Jones [5]
F
August 21, 1903November 10, 2017114 years, 81 daysGeorgiaGeorgia
72Maggie Renfro [5]
F
November 14, 1895January 22, 2010114 years, 69 daysLouisianaLouisiana
73 Emma Tillman [1]
F
November 22, 1892January 28, 2007114 years, 67 daysNorth CarolinaConnecticut
Anna Stoehr [5]
F
October 15, 1900December 21, 2014IowaMinnesota
75 Leila Denmark [5]
F
February 1, 1898April 1, 2012114 years, 60 daysGeorgiaGeorgia
76Adele Dunlap [1]
F
December 12, 1902February 5, 2017 [32] 114 years, 55 daysNew JerseyNew Jersey
77Naomi Conner [1]
F
August 30, 1899October 18, 2013114 years, 49 daysTexasTexas
Ora Holland [5]
F
December 24, 1900February 11, 2015Missouri Oklahoma
79Katie Hatton [33]
F
December 18, 1877January 24, 1992114 years, 37 daysTexasTexas
80Naomi Whitehead [2]
F
September 26, 1910Living114 years, 31 daysGeorgiaPennsylvania
81Ellen Goodwill [5]
F
February 2, 1907March 2, 2021 [34] 114 years, 28 daysKentuckyMichigan
82Grace Thaxton [1]
F
June 18, 1891July 6, 2005114 years, 18 daysNew YorkKentucky
83Soledad Mexia [1]
F
August 13, 1899August 30, 2013114 years, 17 daysMexicoCalifornia
84Minnie Ward [1]
F
November 19, 1885December 2, 1999114 years, 13 daysTennesseeMassachusetts
85Arbella Ewing [5]
F
March 13, 1894March 22, 2008114 years, 9 daysTexasTexas
86Catherine Hagel [5]
F
November 28, 1894December 6, 2008114 years, 8 daysMinnesotaMinnesota
87Emma Otis [5]
F
October 22, 1901October 25, 2015114 years, 3 days Washington Washington
88Ellen Jurick [35]
F
July 15, 1895July 13, 2009113 years, 363 daysPennsylvaniaMichigan
89 Fred Harold Hale [1]
M
December 1, 1890November 19, 2004113 years, 354 days Maine New York
90Miriam Carpelan [1]
F
July 8, 1882June 22, 1996113 years, 350 daysUnited KingdomCalifornia
Elsie Thompson [1]
F
April 5, 1899March 21, 2013PennsylvaniaFlorida
92Bertha Fry [1]
F
December 1, 1893November 14, 2007113 years, 348 daysIndianaIndiana
93Mae Harrington [1]
F
January 20, 1889December 29, 2002113 years, 343 daysNew YorkNew York
94Ellen Thomas [36]
F
December 25, 1877December 2, 1991113 years, 342 daysTennesseeMichigan
Daisey Bailey [5]
F
March 30, 1896March 7, 2010TennesseeMichigan
96Agatha Mitchell [1]
F
March 26, 1887February 25, 2001113 years, 336 daysVirginiaVirginia
97Goldie Michelson [5]
F
August 8, 1902July 8, 2016113 years, 335 days Ukraine [lower-alpha 7] Massachusetts
98Merle Barwis [5]
F
December 23, 1900November 22, 2014113 years, 334 daysIowaCanada
99Louvenia Posey [37]
F
April 6, 1900March 1, 2014113 years, 329 daysTexasTexas
100Clara Huhn [1]
F
January 28, 1887December 20, 2000113 years, 327 daysNebraskaCalifornia
Beulah Meloche [5]
F
December 5, 1906October 27, 2020New YorkNew York

Biographies

Mary Bidwell

Mary Electa Bidwell (May 9, 1881 – April 25, 1996) [20] was an American supercentenarian. She died aged 114 years and 352 days and is the oldest person on record ever to die in Connecticut. [38] [39] [40]

Her parents were Charles Woodruff Bidwell and Alice Beach Nobel. [39] She was a descendant of John Bidwell, one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Bidwell worked as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse for six years. She married Charles Hubbell Bidwell, a distant cousin, in 1906. [38] Bidwell lived on her own in North Haven, Connecticut, until she was 110. Bidwell died at the Arden House, a nursing home in Hamden, Connecticut. [40]

Maggie Barnes

Maggie Pauline Barnes (née Hinnant; March 6, 1882 – January 19, 1998) [41] was an American supercentenarian. She was born to a former slave and married a tenant farmer. Barnes died on January 19, 1998, in Johnston County, North Carolina, of gangrene. [42]

Her exact year of birth has been disputed. Though the year 1882 is written in her family bible, the 1900 US Census records her birth year as 1881 and her marriage license claims that she was born in 1880. [42] Authenticating to what was put on the family Bible, Barnes lived for 115 years and 319 days.

Adelina Domingues

Adelina Domingues (February 19, 1888 – August 21, 2002) was a Cape Verdean American supercentenarian who was the world's oldest person from the death of 114-year-old British-American woman Grace Clawson on May 28, 2002, to her own death less than three months later. [43] Domingues was born in Cape Verde. Domingues's Italian father was a harbor pilot by profession, and her mother was Portuguese by ethnicity. [44] She married a ship captain in 1907, and moved to the United States that year. [44] Her husband died from cancer in 1950. [44] Domingues was a missionary from the Church of the Nazarene in Cape Verde and other parts of Africa, and also a religious preacher when she lived in Massachusetts, as well as an expert seamstress. [44]

Domingues was a firm believer in the American Dream, was deeply religious, had conservative political views and was a pen pal of former President of the United States Ronald Reagan. [44] She had four children, but only one of them (a son, Frank) reached adulthood. [44] Frank died in 1998 at the age of 71, with Adelina outliving him by four years. [44] Domingues died at a nursing home in the San Diego, California, area on August 21, 2002, at age 114 years and 183 days. [44] She had claimed she was actually one year older, or 115 years old, but her family and Cape Verdean diplomats did some research and discovered her baptismal information, from which they concluded that Domingues was 114 years old when she died. [45]

Charlotte Benkner

Charlotte Benkner (née Enterlein; November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004) [46] [47] [48] [49] was an American supercentenarian and considered the world's oldest person from 2003 to 2004. [50] [46] [47] Subsequent recognition of other supercentenarians ranked Benkner as the third oldest at the time of her death. [48]

Benkner was born in Leipzig, Germany, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1896. She grew up in Peekskill, New York, where her family ran the Albert Hotel, and as a young woman once met then U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. [49] [51] After her 1908 marriage to Karl Benkner, she moved west, living in Pennsylvania and Ohio, before retiring to Arizona. Already a supercentenarian and the oldest person in Arizona, Benkner returned to Ohio to live in North Lima with her sister Tillie O'Hare, her youngest sibling. [49] Tillie died in January 2004, just three weeks shy of becoming a centenarian. [51] Benkner survived her sister by only four months, and died at age 114 years and 180 days, after a brief hospital stay in Youngstown, Ohio.

Emma Verona Johnston

Emma Verona Johnston (née Calhoun; August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004) was an American supercentenarian who was born in Indianola, Iowa, to a large family. [52] She graduated from Drake University in the Class of 1912 and went on to work as a Latin teacher before she married ophthalmologist Harry Johnston; [53] [54] [55] at the time of her death, she was the university's oldest living graduate. [53]

At age 98, Johnston moved from Iowa to Ohio in order to live with her daughter and son-in-law. Even after turning 110, she continued to be in good health, alert and engaging in conversations, and was still able to walk up steps. [53] She became the oldest known living American in May 2004. [52] Three months later, on the occasion of her 114th birthday, she was presented with a proclamation signed by then Drake University President David Maxwell. [56] The university's Vice President for Institutional Advancement, John Willey, nominated her for an honorary degree. [55] Johnston died in Worthington, Ohio, on December 1, 2004, [52] at age 114 years and 117 days.

Bettie Wilson

Bettie Antry Wilson (née Rutherford; September 13, 1890 – February 13, 2006) [57] was thought to be the oldest living person in the United States from December 2004 until the subsequent verification of Elizabeth Bolden. Both were born in the rural South, where they lived less than 100 miles apart. Wilson was the daughter of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford. [58]

In April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations, in New Albany. She celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, and died on February 13, 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days. [57]

Fred Harold Hale

Frederick Harold Hale, Sr. (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was born in New Sharon, Maine. He married Flora Mooers (d. 1979) in 1910, and had five children, three of which he outlived. [59] Throughout his life, he worked as a railroad worker and a beekeeper, before retiring to pursue gardening and canning produce. At the age of 95, he surfed for the first time in Hawaii, while on his way back to the U.S. from visiting his grandson in Japan. [60] He was recognised by Guinness World Records as the oldest driver in the world at the age of 104, and he continued driving until age 108. At 109, he moved to the Syracuse area in New York State. A lifelong fan of the Boston Red Sox, he was alive to see both their 1918 and 2004 World Series victories. [59]

On March 5, 2004, upon the death of 114-year-old Joan Riudavets of Spain, Hale became the world's oldest living man. He died on November 19, 12 days before his 114th birthday, [59] and was succeeded as the world's oldest man by Emiliano Mercado del Toro.

George Francis

George Rene Francis (June 6, 1896 – December 27, 2008) [61] [62] [63] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with Englishman Henry Allingham, also born on June 6, 1896, until Francis's death aged 112 years and 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of then 111-year-old Antonio Pierro on February 8, 2007. Francis was from New Orleans, Louisiana, but after 1949 lived in Sacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life. [64] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75. [65]

Francis attempted to join the army in World War I, but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about 100 pounds [45 kg]). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur. [61]

Bernice Madigan

Bernice Madigan (née Emerson; July 24, 1899 – January 3, 2015) was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, [5] [66] [67] and moved to Cheshire when she was six. [68] In 1918, after graduating from Adams High School, [68] [69] she responded to government drives to recruit women into employment during WWI, and moved to Washington, D.C. [66] After the war, she worked as a secretary for the Department of the Treasury and the Veterans Administration. [70] She married Paul Madigan (d. 1976) in 1925; [70] they lived in the Washington, D.C., area and then in Silver Spring, Maryland. [68] She retired in 1942, after which she volunteered with the church and at nursing homes, playing piano for residents. [68] She returned to live with family in Massachusetts in 2007. [70] She participated in Boston University School of Medicine's New England Centenarian Study, [71] and was interviewed and filmed by the Center for Aging at the University of Chicago and the ABC World News. [71] She is one of 100 centenarians in The Archon Genomics XPRIZE. [72] [73] She joined social media, with profiles on Facebook and Twitter. [70] [74] [75] Madigan died in her sleep at the age of 115 years and 163 days at 2 a.m. on January 3, 2015. [67] [75] At the time of her death, she was the oldest living resident of Massachusetts, [76] the fourth-oldest living person in the United States [77] and the world's fifth-oldest living person. [77] [78]

Evelyn Kozak

Eva Chavka Rivka "Evelyn" Kozak (née Jacobson) (August 14, 1899 – June 11, 2013) [79] [80] was an American Jewish supercentenarian, [81] [82] [83] [84] born in New York City to Isaac and Kate Jacobson, who fled from the Russian Empire, and the oldest verified Jewish person in history from November 6, 2012, 12 weeks after turning 113, when she broke fellow German-born American Adelheid Kirschbaum's record of 113 years and 83 days though until August 27, 2014, when fellow Russian-born American Goldie Steinberg (born October 30, 1900), who was the oldest living Jewish person after her death, broke her record.

Kozak died of a heart attack at a hospital in Brooklyn, New York City, early in the morning of Tuesday June 11, 2013[ when? ] - barely around a quarter of a day before the oldest living person, 116-year-old Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura (who died 2:08 a.m. the night of June 12 = 1:08 p.m. the afternoon of June 11 EDT).

Delphia Welford

Delphia S. Welford (September 9, 1875 –November 14, 1992) was an American supercentenarian claimed to have been born on September 9, 1881; however, research conducted by the Gerontology Research Group between 2016 and 2023 determined that she was actually born in 1875, and that she was born in Okolona, Mississippi.

Welford's parents were Richard and Heddie Welford. The family moved to Humboldt, Tennessee, when she was still a child. She had one son, Leo Mathis, in the late 1890s. Welford never married and spent the rest of her life in Humboldt. She was a homemaker and a member of the Lane Chapel C.M.E Church.

Welford died at Parkview Manor Health Care Center in Humboldt, on November 14, 1992, at the age of 117 years, 66 days. She had been the oldest person ever from the United States after surpassing the age of Easter Wiggins on October 16, 1991. Welford would continue to hold this distinction until November 30, 1997, when Sarah Knauss lived past her final age. Remarkably, despite living past 117 years, Welford was never the world's oldest living person as Jeanne Calment was older and still alive when Welford died. In fact, Welford is the oldest person never to have been the world's oldest living person.

Notes

  1. ↑ May have been older (116 or even 117); possibly born in 1881 or even 1880
  2. ↑ Holtz was born in the Province of Posen, which was a part of the German Empire at the time of her birth. Today, this area is a part of Poland.
  3. ↑ Residents of Puerto Rico born on or after April 25, 1898, are United States citizens. [19]
  4. ↑ Steinberg was born in Kishinev, which had then been a part of the Russian Empire. It is now the capital of Moldova.
  5. ↑ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  6. ↑ Mirigian was born in Armenia, then part of the Ottoman Empire.
  7. ↑ Michelson was born in Elizabethgrad, which was then a part of the Russian Empire. It is now part of Ukraine.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oldest people</span>

This is a list of tables of the oldest people in the world in ordinal ranks. To avoid including false or unconfirmed claims of old age, names here are restricted to those people whose ages have been validated by an international body dealing in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group or Guinness World Records, and others who have otherwise been reliably sourced.

Ethel May Caterham is a British supercentenarian who is the third-oldest living person in the world and the last surviving subject of Edward VII. She is additionally the oldest living European since the death of Maria Branyas on 19 August 2024, and the oldest British person ever after Charlotte Hughes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edith Ceccarelli</span> American supercentenarian (1908–2024)

Edith Rose Ceccarelli was an American supercentenarian. At the age of 116 years, 17 days, she was the oldest person living in the United States and was also the second oldest living person in the world after Maria Branyas Morera from Spain.

Inah Canabarro Lucas is a Brazilian nun and supercentenarian who has been the world's second oldest living person following the death of Maria Branyas Morera as well as the world's oldest living nun since the death of Lucile Randon on 17 January 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Francis</span> American supercentenarian (1909–2024)

Elizabeth Francis was an American supercentenarian who was the oldest-living person in the United States from the death of Edie Ceccarelli on February 22, 2024, until her own death on October 22, 2024.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Wikkerink, Marco; Kroczek, Waclaw Jan (January 1, 2015). "GRG Database by Nation". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 "World Supercentenarian Rankings List". Gerontology Research Group. April 24, 2024. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  3. ↑ "World's oldest person misses millennium". BBC News . December 31, 1999. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Frassinelli, Mike (September 25, 1999). "Mrs. Sarah Knauss, the World's Oldest Person, Turns 119". The Morning Call . Archived from the original on December 27, 2007.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Epstein, Louis; Young, Robert; Adams, Johnny; Muir, Mark (December 11, 2023). "GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List – Validated Deceased Supercentenarians". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 "Supercentenarian deaths in 2024". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  7. ↑ "Maria Branyas, world's oldest person, dies aged 117". Catalan News Agency . August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  8. 1 2 "2023 validations". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  9. 1 2 "2020 validations". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  10. ↑ Smith, Chris (February 22, 2024). "Edie Ceccarelli, Willits resident and oldest living American, dies two weeks after 116th birthday". The Press Democrat . Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  11. ↑ "List of validated supercentenarians (listed chronologically by date of birth)". Gerontology Research Group. June 4, 2024. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  12. ↑ Korynta, Emma; Mendis, Tanya (April 17, 2021). "She was a pillar | Hester Ford, oldest living American, has died at 116". WCNC-TV . Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  13. ↑ "Obituary for Iris Westman". Iverson – Kassian Funeral Services.
  14. ↑ Conley, Alia (January 20, 2022). "Omaha woman who was oldest living person in U.S. has died at 115". Omaha World-Herald . Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  15. ↑ Meyers, Ben (October 23, 2024). "Elizabeth Francis, oldest American died at age 115". LongeviQuest. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
  16. 1 2 3 "Supercentenarian deaths in 2023". Gerontology Research Group . Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  17. ↑ Block, Francesca (January 4, 2023). "Iowan Bessie Hendricks, America's oldest person, dies at 115 in Lake City". The Des Moines Register . Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Maud Farris-Luse". LongeviQuest. August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  19. ↑ Levinson, Sanford; Sparrow, Bartholomew H. (2005). The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion: 1803–1898. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 166 and 178. U.S. citizenship was extended to residents of Puerto Rico by virtue of the Jones Act, chap. 190, 39 Stat. 951 (1971)(codified at 48 U.S.C. § 731 (1987))
  20. 1 2 "Mary Bidwell". LongeviQuest. August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  21. ↑ "Hazel Plummer 1908 – 2023". Littleton MA. May 25, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Mary Royster". LongeviQuest. March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
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  24. ↑ "Myrtle Dorsey". LongeviQuest. August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
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