History
At Genoa, Neuhoff made the acquaintance of some Corsican rebels and exiles, and persuaded them that he could free their country from Genoese tyranny if they made him king of the island. With the help of the Bey of Tunis, he landed in Corsica on March 12, 1736 [2] with military aid. The islanders, whose campaign had not been successful, elected and crowned him king. He assumed the title of King Theodore I, issued edicts, instituted an order of knighthood, and waged war on the Genoese with consent of the 24-member Diet, at first with some success. But in-fighting among the rebels soon led to their defeat. The Genoese put a price on his head and published an account of his colourful past, and he left Corsica on November 11, 1736, [2] ostensibly to seek foreign assistance. After sounding out the possibility of protection from Spain and Naples, he set off to Holland, where he was arrested for debt in Amsterdam.
On regaining his freedom, Theodore sent his nephew to Corsica with a supply of arms; he himself returned to Corsica in 1738, 1739, and 1743, but the combined Genoese and French forces continued to occupy the island. In 1749 he arrived in England to seek support, but eventually fell into debt and was confined in a debtors' prison in London until 1755. He regained his freedom by declaring himself bankrupt, making over his kingdom of Corsica to his creditors, and subsisted on the charity of Horace Walpole and some other friends until his death in London in 1756.
Johann Freiherr von Appel, was an Austro-Hungarian general and administrator. He was the Austrian governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1882 and 1903.
Else Freiin von Richthofen was among the early female social scientists in Germany.
Eugen Freiherr von Albori was an Austrian administrator. He served as the Austrian governor of Bosnia & Herzegovina between 1903 and 1907.
Theodore I of Corsica, born Freiherr Theodor Stephan von Neuhoff, was a German adventurer who was briefly King of Corsica. Theodore is the subject of an opera by Giovanni Paisiello, Il re Teodoro in Venezia, and one of the six kings in Venice in Voltaire's Candide.
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars.
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Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck was a German noble who promoted the settling of Texas by Germans.
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Otto Christoph Freiherr von Sparr was a Generalfeldmarschall of Brandenburg-Prussia.
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The French conquest of Corsica was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. A French expeditionary force was landed on the island of Corsica, then ruled by the Corsican Republic. Marching inland to overcome any Corsican opposition, the French force initially suffered an unexpected defeat at the Battle of Borgo. But a new commander, the Comte de Vaux, was appointed to lead the expedition, and decisively defeated the Corsican army at the Battle of Ponte Novu in 1769, effectively bringing an end to Corsican resistance.
Joachim Freiherr von Willisen was a German public official and member of the Resistance against the Nazi régime.
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