County (Principality) of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | |||||||||
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1599–1918 | |||||||||
Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806), State of the Confederation of the Rhine, State of the German Confederation, State of the North German Confederation, State of the German Empire, State of the Weimar Republic | ||||||||
Capital | Rudolstadt | ||||||||
Government | Principality | ||||||||
Prince | |||||||||
• 1710–1718 | Louis Frederick I (first) | ||||||||
• 1890–1918 | Günther Victor (last) | ||||||||
Legislature | Landtag | ||||||||
Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||
1599 | |||||||||
• Raised to Principality | 1711 | ||||||||
1918 | |||||||||
• Merged into Thuringia | 1920 | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1835 | 58,000 [1] | ||||||||
• 1848 | 62,000 [2] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Germany |
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany, with its capital at Rudolstadt.
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands. Since the 11th century, the ancestral seat of the comital family had been at Schwarzburg Castle, though after 1340, for most of its existence as a polity had the capital at the larger town of Rudolstadt. In 1583 Count Günther XLI of Schwarzburg, the eldest son of Günther XL the Rich and ruler over the united Schwarzburg lands, had died without issue. He was succeeded by his younger brothers, whereby Albert VII received the territory around Rudolstadt. After their brother William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen had died in 1597, the surviving brothers Albert VII and John Günther I established the two counties of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen by the 1599 Treaty of Stadtilm.
Albert's descendants ruled as sovereign counts of the Holy Roman Empire. Count Albert Anton (1662–1710) was elevated to the rank of a prince by Emperor Leopold I; it was however his son Louis Frederick I (1710–1718) who first bore the princely title, whereby Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in 1711 became a principality under the same entity. It withstood mediatisation and after the empire's dissolution joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1807 and the German Confederation in 1815.
In 1905 Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt had an area of 940 km2 (360 sq mi) and a population of 97,000.
On 23 November 1918, during the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the fall of all the German monarchies, Prince Günther Victor was the last to abdicate. The former principality became a "Free State" in 1919 and joined the Weimar Republic as a constituent state. In 1920, it joined with other small states in the area to form the new state of Thuringia.
The House of Schwarzburg was one of the oldest noble families of Thuringia, which is in modern-day central Germany. Upon the death of Prince Friedrich Günther in 1971, a claim to the headship of the house passed under Semi-Salic primogeniture to his elder sister, Princess Marie Antoinette of Schwarzburg who married Friedrich Magnus V, Count of Solms-Wildenfels. Reigning over the County of Schwarzburg and founded by Sizzo I of Schwarzburg, the family split in the 16th century into the lines of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, with the Sondershausen line dying out in 1909.
Duchess Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was a princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Duchess in Saxony by birth, and by marriage a Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was Count of Schwarzburg and founder of the Line of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which later received the title of Prince.
Juliane of Nassau-Dillenburg was a younger sister of prince William I of Orange-Nassau.
Christian William I of Schwarzburg was Count and later Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Sondershausen, Arnstadt and Leutenberg. From 1681, he also carried the title of Count in Ebeleben, and from 1716 Count in Arnstadt.
Count Anton Günther I of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was the ruling Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen from 1642 until his death in 1666.
Prince Frederick Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a German Natural History collector, and from 1790 until his death the reigning Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Louis Frederick I of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the ruling prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Rudolstadt, Blankenburg and Sondershausen from 1710 until his death.
Louis Günther II of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, was the ruling prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1767 until his death.
Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg nicknamed the Rich or Günther with the fat mouth, was a ruling Count of Schwarzburg.
John Frederick, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the ruling Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1744 to 1767.
Albert Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the ruling Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1662 to 1710. He was raised to Imperial Prince in 1697, however, he chose not to accept his elevation. In 1710, he was elevated again, and this time, he accepted.
Frederick Anton of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the ruling Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1718 until his death.
Emilie Antonia of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, was Princess consort of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and then regent of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt during the minority of her son Albert Anton from 1646 to 1662.
Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the ruling Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1612 until his death.
Christian Günther III of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was the ruling Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen from 1758 until his death. Some authors call him Prince Christian Günther I, because he was the first ruler of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen named Christian Günther who held the title of Prince. Others call Christian Günther III, because there were two earlier Counts by that name.
Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a German nobleman. He was the ruling Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1605 to 1612 and then the ruling Count of Hohenstein, Lord of Rudolstadt, Leutenberg, Blankenburg, Sondershausen and Arnstadt from 1612 until his death.
Louis Frederick II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was from 1793 to 1807 reigning Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Günther Friedrich Karl I of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was the ruling Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen from 1794 until his abdication in 1835.