Farther Pomerania

Last updated
Farther Pomerania
Pomorze Tylne
Kolobrzeg latarnia 1.jpg
Slupsk, Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich (HB2).jpg
Ratusz Miejski w Stargardzie - Nr rejestru zabytku A-1475+A1469.jpg
Darlowo ratusz.jpg
Achter-Pommeren.png
CountryFlag of Poland.svg  Poland
Historical region Pomerania
Largest city Koszalin
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Highways S3-PL.svg S6-PL.svg S10-PL.svg S11-PL.svg

Farther Pomerania, Hinder Pomerania, Rear Pomerania or Eastern Pomerania (Polish : Pomorze Tylne; German : Hinterpommern, Ostpommern), is a subregion of the historic region of Pomerania in north-western Poland, mostly within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, while its easternmost parts are within the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Contents

It is the part of Pomerania which comprised the eastern part of the Duchy and later Province of Pomerania. It stretched roughly from the Oder River in the West to Pomerelia in the East. The Polish term Pomorze Zachodnie ("Western Pomerania") is colloquially used in contemporary Poland as a synonym for the West Pomeranian Voivodship whose borders do not match the historical ones; in Polish historical usage, it applied to all areas west of Pomerelia (i.e. to the entire narrow Pomerania).

Map of Farther Pomerania of 1801, on the r. h. s. the Lauenburg and Butow Lands (identified as Lordship of Lauenburg and Lordship of Buto, respectively, western border marked in red). Prussian-Polish border in the 18th century.png
Map of Farther Pomerania of 1801, on the r. h. s. the Lauenburg and Bütow Lands (identified as Lordship of Lauenburg and Lordship of Buto, respectively, western border marked in red).

Farther Pomerania emerged as a subdivision of the Duchy of Pomerania in the partition of 1532, then known as Pomerania-Stettin (Szczecin) and already including the historical regions Principality of Cammin (Kamień), County of Naugard (Nowogard), Land of Słupsk-Sławno, and with ties to the Lębork and Bytów Land. After the Brandenburg-Swedish partition of Pomerania, Farther Pomerania became the Brandenburg-Prussian Province of Pomerania (1653–1815). After the reorganization of the Prussian Province of Pomerania in 1815, Farther Pomerania was administered as Regierungsbezirk Köslin (Koszalin). In 1938, northern part of the dissolved Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was merged in.

After Germany's defeat in World War II, the region became again part of Poland. The German population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and replaced with Polish citizens, many of whom were expellees themselves as well.

Before 1999, the Szczecin Voivodeship (1945–1998) and its spin-offs Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998) and Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998) roughly resembled the area of former Farther Pomerania. The Szczecin and Koszalin Voivodeships were merged in 1999 and now constitute the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, while Słupsk Voivodeship was merged into the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Origin and use of the term

Terminology

The German prefix Hinter- (cf. hinterland) denotes a location more distant from the speaker, and is the equivalent of "Hinder"/"Rear"/"Farther" in English and Posterior/Ulterior/Trans- in Latin (with the corresponding antonyms in German, English and Latin being Vor- , "Fore"/"Front"/"Hither" and Anterior/Citerior/Cis-, respectively).

The toponym Pomerania comes from Slavic po more, which means Land at the Sea. [1] Initially, Farther Pomerania referred to the areas beyond (i.e. lying east of) Pomerania-Wolgast, and the name eventually became adopted for areas east of Szczecin by the 16th century. When the 1648 Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653) divided the Duchy of Pomerania into its Western, Swedish and Eastern Brandenburgian parts, Farther Pomerania was used for the latter - in opposition to Swedish Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern) including Stettin (Szczecin), Wollin (Wolin) and a strip of land east of the Oder River, ultimately limited to include two suburbs of Szczecin, namely the towns of Gollnow (Goleniów) and Damm/Alt-Damm/Altdamm (Dąbie). To the East, Farther Pomerania stretches to the border with Pomerelia, considered by the Polish historiography to be located on the river Łeba.

In the post-1945 era, Farther Pomerania was affected by the Polish-German border shift. Before, it happened to be the Eastern part of German Pomerania (Pommern, consisting of Hither and Farther Pomerania), yet thereafter it became the Western part of Polish Pomerania (Pomorze, consisting of Pomerania and Pomerelia). As Polish Pomorze has also been in use for Pomerelia, while Hither and Farther Pomerania are jointly referred to as West Pomerania (Pomorze Zachodnie) in Poland, located predominantly in today's West Pomeranian Voivodeship, including Szczecin and Wolin. However, this term is not being adopted by the Germans, as only Hither Pomerania is considered to be Western Pomerania, so Farther Pomerania is still in use.

Cities and towns

There are four cities in Farther Pomerania, namely:

Major and/or historically meaningful towns of Farther Pomerania include:

In addition, the following towns are located in the historical Lębork and Bytów Land, thus being treated as part of Pomerelia by the Polish historiography, and as part of Farther Pomerania by the German historiography:

Historical languages and dialects

History (timeline)

The former Duchy of Pomerania (center) partitioned between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg after the Treaty of Stettin (1653). Swedish Pomerania (West Pomerania) is indicated in blue, Brandenburgian Farther Pomerania (East Pomerania) is shown in orange. Pomerania 1653.PNG
The former Duchy of Pomerania (center) partitioned between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg after the Treaty of Stettin (1653). Swedish Pomerania (West Pomerania) is indicated in blue, Brandenburgian Farther Pomerania (East Pomerania) is shown in orange.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomerania</span> Historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe

Pomerania is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The central and eastern part belongs to the West Pomeranian, Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeships of Poland, while the western part belongs to the German states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomerelia</span> Historical sub-region of Pomerania

Pomerelia, also known as Eastern Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania, and also before World War II as Polish Pomerania, is a historical sub-region of Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Pomerania</span>

The history of Pomerania starts shortly before 1000 AD, with ongoing conquests by newly arrived Polan rulers. Before that, the area was recorded nearly 2000 years ago as Germania, and in modern times Pomerania has been split between Germany and Poland. Its name comes from the Slavic po more, which means "land at the sea".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gdańsk Pomerania</span>

Gdańsk Pomerania, Kashubian: Gduńsczim Pòmòrzã, German: Danziger Pommern) is a geographical region within Pomerelia in northern and northwestern Poland, covering the bulk of Pomeranian Voivodeship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)</span> Province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945

The Province of Pomerania was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Pomerania was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, an expansion of the older Brandenburg-Prussia province of Pomerania, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Pomerania was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved following World War II by decree of the Allied Control Council with the de jure abolition of Prussia on 25 February 1947, and its territory divided between Poland and Allied-occupied Germany. The city of Stettin was the provincial capital.

The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Duke Wartislaw I was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last Griffin, died in 1660.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)</span> Administrative division in the Kingdom of Poland 1466 until 1772

The Pomeranian Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1454/1466 until the First partition of Poland in 1772. From 1613 the capital was at Skarszewy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lauenburg and Bütow Land</span> Historical region in modern-day Poland

Lauenburg and Bütow Land formed a historical region in the western part of Pomerelia or in the eastern part of Farther Pomerania. It was composed of two districts centered on the towns of Lauenburg (Lębork) and Bütow (Bytów). The land is today part of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bishopric of Cammin</span>

The Bishopric of Cammin was both a former Roman Catholic diocese in the Duchy of Pomerania from 1140 to 1544, and a secular territory of the Holy Roman Empire (Prince-Bishopric) in the Kołobrzeg area from 1248 to 1650.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lands of Schlawe and Stolp</span>

The Schlawe and Stolp Land, also known as Słupsk and Sławno Land, is a historical region in Pomerania, centered on the towns of Sławno (Schlawe) and Słupsk (Stolp) in Farther Pomerania, in present-day Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages</span>

Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages covers the history of Pomerania in the 14th and 15th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomerania during the Early Modern Age</span>

Pomerania during the Early Modern Age covers the history of Pomerania in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)</span> Province of Brandenburg-Prussia

The Province of Pomerania was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia, the later Kingdom of Prussia. After the Thirty Years' War, the province consisted of Farther Pomerania. Subsequently, the Lauenburg and Bütow Land, Draheim, and Swedish Pomerania south of the Peene river were joined into the province. The province was succeeded by the Province of Pomerania set up in 1815.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Pomerania (1806–1933)</span>

History of Pomerania (1806–1933) covers the history of Pomerania from the early 19th century until the rise of Nazi Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Pomerania (1945–present)</span>

History of Pomerania (1945–present) covers the history of Pomerania during World War II aftermath, the Communist and since 1989 Democratic era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marianowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship</span> Village in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

Marianowo is a village in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Marianowo. It lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Stargard and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp</span> Duchy in Farther Pomerania (1368–1478)

The Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp, also known as the Duchy of Stolp, and the Duchy of Słupsk, was a feudal duchy in Farther Pomerania. Its capital was Słupsk. It was ruled by the Griffin dynasty. It existed in the High Middle Ages era from 1368 to 1478.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania</span> Duke of Pomerania

Bogisław VIII, a member of the House of Griffin, was Duke of Pomerania ruling in Pomerania-Stolp from 1395 until his death. He also served as administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Cammin from 1387 and as Cammin Prince-bishop from 1394 to 1398.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Pomerania</span> Historical region in present-day northeast Germany

Historical Western Pomerania, also called Cispomerania,Fore Pomerania, Front Pomerania or Hither Pomerania, is the western extremity of the historic region of Pomerania forming the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, located mostly in north-eastern Germany, with a small portion in north-western Poland.

References

  1. Der Name Pommern (po more) ist slawischer Herkunft und bedeutet so viel wie „Land am Meer“. Archived 2020-08-19 at the Wayback Machine (Pommersches Landesmuseum, German)
  2. Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN   3-88680-272-8
  3. Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.186, ISBN   3-88680-272-8
  4. Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.205–220, ISBN   3-88680-272-8
  5. Gerhard Krause, Horst Robert Balz, Gerhard Müller, Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Walter de Gruyter, 1997, p.40ff, ISBN   3-11-015435-8
  6. Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p. 233, ISBN   3-88680-272-8
  7. Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p. 366, ISBN   3-88680-272-8