Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (German : Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945). [1]
Germany signed the Third Geneva Convention of 1929, which established norms relating to the treatment of prisoners of war.
While Germany largely adhered to the Geneva Convention when it came to other nationalities of prisoners of war, it disregarded it for the Soviet prisoners of war. Around 3 million of almost 6 million captured died, largely of starvation and disease, but also executions. [2]
At the start of World War II, the German Army was divided into 17 military districts (Wehrkreise), which were each assigned Roman numerals. The camps were numbered according to the military district. A letter behind the Roman number marked individual Stalags in a military district.
e.g.
Sub-camps had a suffix "/Z" (for Zweiglager - sub-camp). The main camp had a suffix of "/H" (for Hauptlager - main camp).
e.g.
Some of these sub-camps were not the traditional POW camps with barbed wire fences and guard towers, but merely accommodation centers.
The camps for Allied airmen were run by the Luftwaffe independently of the Army.
The camp for Allied seamen was run by the Kriegsmarine independently of the Army.
Stalag Luft 7 was a World War II Luftwaffe prisoner-of-war camp located in Morzyczyn, Pomerania, and Bankau, Silesia. It held British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, French, Polish, South African, American and other Allied airmen.
Beniaminów is a village in central Poland, administratively located in the Legionowo County in the Masovian Voivodeship. It is located east of Warsaw, between Legionowo and Nieporęt within the Warsaw metropolitan area.
"The March" refers to a series of forced marches during the final stages of the Second World War in Europe. From a total of 257,000 western Allied prisoners of war held in German military prison camps, over 80,000 POWs were forced to march westward across Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Germany in extreme winter conditions, over about four months between January and April 1945. This series of events has been called various names: "The Great March West", "The Long March", "The Long Walk", "The Long Trek", "The Black March", "The Bread March", and "Death March Across Germany", but most survivors just called it "The March".
In Germany, stalag was a term used for prisoner-of-war camps. Stalag is a contraction of "Stammlager", itself short for Kriegsgefangenen-Mannschaftsstammlager, literally "main camp for enlisted prisoners of war". Therefore, "stalag" technically means "main camp".
Stalag III-A was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp at Luckenwalde, Brandenburg, 52 kilometres (32 mi) south of Berlin. It housed Polish, Dutch, Belgian, French, Yugoslav, Russian, Italian, American, Romanian, British and other Allied POWs.
Stalag XXI-A was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp located in Ostrzeszów in German-occupied Poland. It held mostly Polish, French and British POWs, but also Dutch, Belgian and Yugoslav.
Hohnstein is a town located in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district of Saxony, in eastern Germany. As of 2020, its population numbered a total of 3,262.
Stalag IV-A Elsterhorst was a World War II German Army prisoner-of-war camp located south of the village of Elsterhorst, near Hoyerswerda in Saxony, 44 kilometres (27 mi) north-east of Dresden. It held Polish, French, Belgian, British, Serbian, Soviet, Dutch, Italian, American, Slovak, Czech, Bulgarian and other Allied POWs.
Oflag XXI-B and Stalag XXI-B were World War II German prisoner-of-war camps for officers and enlisted men, located at Szubin a few miles southwest of Bydgoszcz, Poland, which at that time was occupied by Nazi Germany.
The Gau March of Brandenburg was formed in March 1933 initially under the name Gau Electoral March in Nazi Germany as a district within the Free State of Prussia. In January 1939, Kurmark was renamed March of Brandenburg. The Gau was dissolved in 1945, following Allied Soviet occupation of the area and Germany's formal surrender. After the war, the territory of the former Gau became part of the state of Brandenburg in East Germany except for areas beyond the Oder-Neisse line, which were given to the Polish People's Republic. Most of its territory is now divided between Germany's State of Brandenburg and Poland's Lubusz Voivodeship.
Foreign relations exist between Austria and Netherlands. Austria has an embassy in The Hague and 2 honorary consulates. The Netherlands have an embassy in Vienna and 6 honorary consulates. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, OECD, OSCE and the European Union.
Gronówko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipno, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Lipno, 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Leszno, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
Bąków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczbork, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Kluczbork and 43 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Opole.
Stalag XXI-D was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp based in Poznań in German-occupied Poland, operated in 1940–1945. It held Polish, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, Serbian, Soviet and Italian POWs.
"Italian Military Internees" was the official name given by Germany to the Italian soldiers captured, rounded up and deported in the territories of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe in Operation Achse in the days immediately following the World War II armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces.
The Gau Pomerania formed on 22 March 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 comprising the Prussian province of Pomerania. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. Most of the Gau became part of Poland after the Second World War while the remainder became part of what would become East Germany.
Netherlands–Poland relations are the bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Poland. The two nations have had historically close relations for several hundred years, owing to frequent migrations in both directions, substantial cultural exchange and extensive trade, cemented by the Polish role in the liberation of the Netherlands from Nazi German occupation during World War II. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO and OECD.
Stalag 307 and Oflag 77 was a German prisoner-of-war camp operated during World War II in Dęblin in German-occupied Poland.
Stalag XXI-C was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp located in Wolsztyn in German-occupied Poland. It held mostly Polish, French, British and Soviet POWs, but also American, Norwegian, Dutch and Italian.
Belgium–Poland relations are the bilateral relations between Belgium and Poland. Official relations were established in 1919, although contacts date back over 1000 years, with frequent migrations in both directions, substantial cultural exchange, extensive trade, and, in the modern era, mutual assistance in times of need. Both nations are members of NATO, the European Union, OECD, OSCE and the Council of Europe.
Post VE Day sending of German PoWs to Alaska, to dismantle war equipment http://www.sitnews.us/Kiffer/POWCamp/021715_prisoners_of_war.html