Szczecinek

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Szczecinek
Widok z wiezy obserwacyjnej ze Swiatek na zamek kosciol pw NNMP oraz wieze cisnien..JPG
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Srodmiescie miasta Szczecinek.jpg
  • From top, left to right: Panorama of Szczecinek
  • Town Hall at the marketplace
  • Bohaterów Warszawy - promenade dedicated to the war heroes of Warsaw
POL Szczecinek flag.svg
Flag
POL Szczecinek COA.svg
Coat of arms
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Red pog.svg
Szczecinek
Coordinates: 53°43′N16°41′E / 53.717°N 16.683°E / 53.717; 16.683
CountryFlag of Poland.svg  Poland
Voivodeship West Pomeranian
County Szczecinek
Gmina Szczecinek (urban gmina)
Established1310
City rights1310
Government
 • Mayor Jerzy Hardie-Douglas
Area
 • Total48.63 km2 (18.78 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total40,211
 • Density830/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes
78-400, 78-401, 78-402, 78-403, 78-404, 78-410
Area code +48 94
Car plates ZSZ
Highways S11-PL.svg
National roads DK11-PL.svg DK20-PL.svg
Voivodeship roads DW172-PL.svg
Website http://www.szczecinek.pl

Szczecinek (Polish: [ʂt͡ʂɛˈt͡ɕinɛk] ⓘ ; German : Neustettin) is a historic city in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, capital of Szczecinek County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, with a population of more than 40,000 (2011). It is an important railroad junction, located along the main Poznań - Kołobrzeg line, which crosses less important lines to Chojnice and Słupsk. The town's total area is 48.63 square kilometres (18.78 square miles).

Contents

The turbulent history of Szczecinek reaches back to the High Middle Ages, when the area was ruled by Pomeranian dukes and princes. The majority of the city's architecture survived World War II and, subsequently, its entire Old Town was proclaimed a national heritage monument of Poland.

Location

Szczecinek lies in eastern part of West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Historically, it was included within Western Pomerania. In 2010, the city boundaries were expanded as the town merged with the following villages in Gmina Szczecinek: Gałowo, Marcelin, Godzimierz, Turowo, Parsęcko, Buczek and Żółtnica.

History and etymology

Middle Ages

Szczecinek Castle, former seat of local Pomeranian Dukes Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich w Szczecinku.JPG
Szczecinek Castle, former seat of local Pomeranian Dukes

In the Middle Ages a Slavic stronghold existed in present-day Szczecinek. [1] It was part of the early Polish state in the 10th century, and as a result of the 12th-century fragmentation of Poland, it became part of the separate Duchy of Pomerania.

In 1310, the castle at the site of a former stronghold, and town were founded under Lübeck law by Duke Wartislaw IV of Pomerania and modelled after Szczecin (German : Stettin) which is situated about 150 kilometres (93 miles) to the west. The initial name was "Neustettin" (Polish : Nowy Szczecin, German: Neustettin, Latin : Stetin Nova). It was also known as "Klein Stettin" (Polish: Mały Szczecin, German: Klein Stettin). In 1707 the town was known in Polish as Nowoszczecin, while the Mały Szczecin name gradually developed into the modern name Szczecinek. [2]

The town was fortified to face the Brandenburgers, with a wall and palisades. In 1356 it was hit by the plague. Thankful for their survival, the Dukes Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V founded the Augustine monastery Marientron, on the Marientron  [ pl ] hill on the southern bank of the Trzesiecko  [ pl ] Lake. It was plundered by Brandenburgers in 1470. From 1368 to 1390 it was the seat of an eponymous duchy under its only historic ruler Wartislaw V. Afterwards, it was ruled by Pomeranian duchies: Darłowo (Rügenwalde) (until 1418), Słupsk (until 1474, fief of Poland) and the united Duchy of Pomerania (until 1618).

On 15 September 1423, the "great day of Neustettin", the Pomeranian dukes, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and Nordic king Eric VII of Denmark, Norway and Sweden met to discuss defense against the union of Brandenburg and Poland. During the Thirteen Years' War, local dukes changed alliances several times. As a result, in 1455 several surrounding villages were looted by Teutonic Knights and in 1461 the town was sacked, looted and burned by Polish troops and Tatars because King Casimir IV Jagiellon wanted to take revenge on Eric II of Pomerania who supported the Teutonic Knights. [3]

Modern period

Early 20th-century view of the St. Mary church Neustettinstadtkirche.jpg
Early 20th-century view of the St. Mary church

In 1601 a Polish school was established, and in 1640 a gymnasium was founded, which as today's I Liceum Ogólnokształcące is one of the oldest high schools in Pomerania. [4] During the Thirty Years' War it was captured and plundered by the Swedes and Austrians. After the war, from 1653, the town was part of Brandenburg, from 1701 of Prussia and from 1871 to 1945 of Germany. During the Seven Years' War, in 1759 it was plundered by the Russians. In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars and Polish national liberation fights, the town was captured by Poles led by Tomasz Łubieński. [3]

In 1881 Abraham Springer, great-grandfather of TV presenter Jerry Springer and a prominent member of the town's Jewish community launched an unsuccessful attempt to sue agitator Dr Ernst Henrici, claiming that an inflammatory anti-semitic speech in the town led directly to the burning down of the synagogue on 18 February of that year.[ citation needed ]

Regional Museum in Szczecinek Regional Museum in Szczecinek building.jpg
Regional Museum in Szczecinek

In 1914 the Regional Museum was established. In 1923 the Catholic Church of the Holy Spirit was built, then called the "Polish Church", as it was co-financed by local Poles. [5]

After the Nazis took power in Germany in the 1930s, new military barracks were built, and the invasion of Poland was carried out from the town at the beginning of World War II in 1939. [3] During the war, three forced labour camps were established and operated by the Germans in the town, and its prisoners were mostly Poles and Russians. [6] In September 1944, the Germans made the first arrests of local members of the Polish underground organization "Odra", ultimately crushing it in the following weeks. In February 1945, the town was captured by the Red Army, [3] and the local agricultural machinery factory, which used forced labour during the war, was plundered by occupying Russian forces. [6] The town then passed to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. The town's German population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and it was repopulated with Poles, expellees from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union and settlers from central Poland. [3] The plundered agricultural machinery factory was relaunched by Poles in July 1945. [6] The Polish anti-communist resistance ("cursed soldiers") was active in the town, and many of its members were arrested and sentenced to prison by the communists. [7] The last "cursed soldier" of Szczecinek, Maria Sosnowska, died in 2018. [7]

From 1950 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Koszalin Voivodeship.

In 2009 the town limits were expanded by including the neighbouring villages of Świątki and Trzesieka as new districts.

Jozef Pilsudski monument by local sculptor Wieslaw Adamski Pomnik Jozefa Pilsudskiego w Szczecinku.JPG
Józef Piłsudski monument by local sculptor Wiesław Adamski

In 2018, a khachkar was unveiled in Szczecinek to commemorate Armenian-Polish friendship. [8]

Education

Music school Budynek dawnego urzedu powiatowego.jpg
Music school

Major corporations

Historical population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190010,024—    
191011,833+18.0%
192515,487+30.9%
193919,942+28.8%
194612,413−37.8%
195015,097+21.6%
196022,803+51.0%
197028,700+25.9%
YearPop.±%
197532,900+14.6%
198035,700+8.5%
199041,400+16.0%
199542,300+2.2%
200038,928−8.0%
201038,977+0.1%
201740,292+3.4%
Source: [9] [10]

Cuisine

The officially protected traditional food of Szczecinek (as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland) is krówka szczecinecka, a local type of krówka (traditional Polish candy). [11]

Notable residents

Lothar Bucher Bucher 001.jpg
Lothar Bücher
Aleksander Wolszczan Aleksander Wolszczan (2007).jpg
Aleksander Wolszczan

International relations

Szczecinek is twinned with:

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Czesław Piskorski, Pomorze Zachodnie, mały przewodnik, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka, Warszawa, 1980, p. 261 (in Polish)
  2. ↑ Rymut, Kazimierz (1980). Nazwy miast Polski. ISBN   9788304007048.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Historia i zabytki". Oficjalna strona Urzędu Miasta Szczecinek (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  4. ↑ "K.Berezowski: Plan lekcji z 1705 roku! Szkoła liczyła 11 uczniów..." Szczecinek.com (in Polish). 24 April 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  5. ↑ "Historia parafii". Parafia Ducha Świętego w Szczecinku (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 "Stary Szczecinek: Zakłady Polam". Temat Szczecinecki (in Polish). 23 January 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  7. 1 2 "Zmarła Maria Sosnowska, ostatni szczecinecki Żołnierz Wyklęty". Temat Szczecinecki (in Polish). 5 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  8. ↑ "Odsłonięcie chaczkarów". Awedis (in Polish). No. 37. 2018. p. 11.
  9. ↑ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 50.
  10. ↑ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 110. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
  11. ↑ "Krówka szczecinecka". Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  12. ↑ "Bucher, Lothar"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
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