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The known history of the monarchy of Thailand begins with the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom, inaugurated by Si Inthrathit in 1238. This was succeeded by the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. The present reigning dynasty, the Chakri Dynasty, took the throne in 1782, founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The present-day constitutional monarchy was established in 1932. The Chakri kings are often known as Rama: the reigning monarch is King Rama X (Vajiralongkorn).
– Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1368, 1368–1438) – Uthong dynasty (1350–1370, 1388–1409) – Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388, 1409–1569) – Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629) – Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688) – Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767) | – Thonburi dynasty (1768–1782) Rattanakosin Kingdom and Kingdom of Thailand (1782–present) – Chakri dynasty (1782–present) |
Si Inthrathit 1188–1270 r. 1238–1270 | Sueang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ban Mueang ?–1271 r. 1270–1271 | Ram Khamhaeng ~1237/47–1298 r. 1279–1298 | □ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ngua Nam Thum ?–1347/48 r. 1323/24– 1347/48 | Loe Thai ?–1323 r. 1298–1323 | May Hnin Thwe-Da ~1250s–? | Wareru K. of Martaban 1253–1307 r. 1287–1307 | Hnin U Yaing ~1260s–1310s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
□ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Uthong 1314–1369 r. 1350 to 1369 | □ | Baromaraja I ?–1388 r. 1370–1388 | Princess | Lithai ?–1368 r. ~1347–1368 | Saw O K. of Martaban 1283–1323 r. 1311–1323 | May Hnin Htapi Chief queen | Saw Zein K. of Martaban 1303–1330 r. 1323–1330 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ramesuan 1339–1395 r. 1369–1370; 1388–1395 | Thong Lan 1373/74- 1388/89 r. 1388/89 | Intharacha I 1359–1424 r. 1409–1424 | Princess | Luethai ?–1399 1368–1399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ramracha 1356/57–? r. 1395/96– 1409/10 | Chao Sam Phraya ?–1448 r. 1424–1448 | Devi | Saileuthai ?–1400 1400–1419 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trailok 1431–1488 r. 1448–1488 | Boromapan ?–1438 1419–1438 | Phaya Ram | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intharacha | Boromma Racha III ?–1491 r. 1488–1491 | Ramathibodi II 1473–1529 r. 1491–1529 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Worawongsa Thirat ?–1548 r. 1548 | Sri Sudachan ?–1548 | Chairacha ?–1546 r. 1534–1546 | Borommaracha Thirat IV ?–1533 r. 1529–1533 | Maha Chakkraphat 1509–1569 r. 1548–1564; 1568–1569 | Suriyothai 1511–1548 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yotfa 1536–1548 r. 1546–1548 | Srisin 1541–1560 | Ratsadathirat 1528/29–1534/35 r. 1533/34–1534/35 | Boromdilok ?–1549 | Thepkasattri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sanphet I 1514–1590 r. 1569–1590 | Wisutkasat | Mahinthrathirat 1539–1569 r. 1564–1568; 1569 | Ramesuan ?–1564 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Bayinnaung K. of Toungoo 1516–1581 r. 1550–1581 | Suphankanlaya | Chao Khrua Manichan | Naresuan 1555/56–1605 r. 1590–1605 | Sanpet III 1556–1620 r. 1605–1620 | □ | Okya Sri Thammathirat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sanphet IV ?–1620 r. 1620 | Songtham 1590–1628 r. 1620–1628 | Sanphet VII ?–1656 r. 1656 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chetthathirat ~1613–1629 r. 1628–1629 | Athittayawong 1618–? r. 1629 | Sirithida | Prasat Thong ~1600–1656 r. 1629–1656 | Siri Kanlayani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narai 1633–1688 r. 1656–1688 | Suriyong Ratsami | Chai ?–1656 r. 1656 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kusawadi of Chiang Mai | Phetracha 1632–1703 r. 1688–1703 | Sudawadi Princess Yothathep 1656–1735 | Srisuphan Princess Yothathip 1636–1706 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sanphet VIII 1661–1709 r. 1703–1709 | Rattana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thongsuk Princess Rachanurak | Thai Sa ?–1732 1709–1733 | Khao Princess Aphainuchit | Borommakot 1680–1758 r. 1733–1758 | Phlap Princess Phiphitmontri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince Noren | Thammathibet ?–1756 | Ekkathat ?–1767 r. 1758–1767 | Maoli | Uthumphon ?–1796 r. 1758 | Vimolphakdi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phra Aksorn Sundhornsartra (Thongdi Chakri) 1702–1769 Prince Father | Yok Princess Mother | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yong Saetae | Nok Iang ?–1774 Princess Mother | Sri Anocha of Lampang 1750–1821 | Maha Sura Singhanat Viceroy 1744–1803 t. 1782–1803 | Nak na Bangxang 1737–1826 Queen | Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) 1737–1809 r. 1782–1809 | Nui Yai of Nakhon Si Thammarat ?–1828 Concubine | Sa Princess Thepsuthavadi ?–1799 | Phra Intraraksa (Sem) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Maha Sura Singhanat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Son Queen | Taksin (Sanphet X) 1734–1782 r. 1767–1782 | Chimyai ?–1779 Concubine | Maha Senanurak Viceroy 1773–1817 t. 1809–1817 | Praphaivadi Princess Depayavadi 1777–1823 | Chaem Krachangfaa Princess Sri Sundhorndep 1770–1808 | House of Rama I | Maha Sakdi phonlasep Viceroy 1773–1832 t. 1824–1832 | Thongyu | Anurak Devesh Deputy Viceroy 1746–1806 t. 1786–1806 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inthraphithak Viceroy ?–1782 t. ?–1782 | Abhaya Dhibesra Prince Krashatra Nujit 1779–1809 | House of Maha Senanurak | five other unnamed children | Riam 1770–1837 Concubine | Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) 1767–1824 r. 1809–1824 | Bunrot 1767–1836 Queen | House of Maha Sakdiphonlasep | House of Anurak Devesh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Rama II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bang Concubine | Nangklao (Rama III) 1787–1851 r. 1824–1851 | Sab Concubine | Noo Dam 1792–1793 | Pom 1791–1793 | Pinklao Viceroy 1808–1866 t. 1851–1866 | Aim Sae-ong Concubine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Rama III | House of Pinklao | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lakkhananukhun 1814–1835 | Ngiew Suwannathat | Siriwongse Prince Mataya Bitaksa 1812–1839 | Noi | Lamom Princess Sudaratana Rajaprayura 1818–1896 | Wichaichan Viceroy 1838–1885 t. 1868–1885 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Wichaichan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Somanas Vadhanavadi 1834–1852 Queen | Samli Bunnag 1835–1900 Concubine | Ramphoei Sirivongse 1834–1862 Queen | Mongkut (Rama IV) 1804–1868 r. 1851–1868 | Piam Sucharitakul 1838–1904 Concubine | Bung Indravimol Concubine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Rama IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Somanas 1852–1852 | Sukhumala Marasri 1861–1927 Queen | Chulalongkorn (Rama V) 1853–1910 r. 1868–1910 | Saovabha Phongsri 1864–1919 Queen | Sunandha Kumariratana 1860–1880 Queen | Sun 1895–1949 | Gagananga Yukala Prince Bijit Prijakorn 1855–1909 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Rama V | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Paribatra Sukhumbandhu Prince of Nakhon Sawan 1881–1944 | Suddha Dibyaratana Princess of Rattanakosin 1877–1922 | Kannabhorn Bejaratana 1878–1880 | Svasti Sobhana Prince Svastivatana Visishtha 1865–1935 | Abhabarni 1874–1938 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Savang Vadhana 1862–1955 Queen | Aum Pisolyabutr 1856–1877 Concubine | Yai Sucharitakul 1858–1936 | Devan Udayawongse Prince Devawongse Varopakarn 1858–1923 | Prajadhipok (Rama VII) 1893–1941 r. 1925–1935 | Rambai Barni Svastivatana 1904–1984 Queen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vajirunhis Crown Prince 1878–1895 | Mahidol Adulyadej Prince of Songkla 1892–1929 Prince Father | Sangwan Talapat 1900–1995 Princess Mother | Kitiyakara Voralaksana Prince of Chanthaburi I 1874–1931 | Absara Samarn Devakula 1877–1939 | Chakrabongse Bhuvanath Prince of Phitsanulok 1883–1920 Hereditary Prince | Asdang Dejavudh Prince of Nakhon Ratchasima 1889–1924 Hereditary Prince | Vajiravudh (Rama VI) 1881–1925 r. 1910–1925 | Suvadhana Abhayavongsa 1905–1985 Princess Consort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aram Rattanakul Serireongrit 1920–1982 | Galyani Vadhana Princess of Naradhiwas 1923–2008 | Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) 1925–1946 r. 1935–1946 | Nakkhatra Mangala Prince of Chanthaburi II 1897–1953 | Bua Snidvongse 1909–1999 | Praphai Sucharitakul 1902–1975 Princess Consort | Bejaratana Rajasuda 1925–2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dasanavalaya Rattanakul Serireongrit 1945– | Sinthu Sornsongkram 1940– | Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) 1927–2016 r. 1946–2016 | Sirikit Kitiyakara 1932– Queen | Adulakit Kitiyakara 1930–2004 | Bandhusavali Yugala 1934– | Busba Kitiyakara 1934– | Kalyanakit Kitiyakara 1929–1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jessica Mickelich | Jitas Sornsongkram 1974– | Peter Ladd Jensen 1951– | Ubolratana Rajakanya 1951– | Sirindhorn Princess Royal 1955– | Srali Kitiyakara 1966– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sornsongkram family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
David Wheeler | Ploypailin Jensen 1981– | Poom Jensen 1983–2004 | Sujarinee Vivacharawongse 1962– | Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) 1952– r. 2016– | Srirasmi Suwadee 1971– | Soamsawali Princess Suddhanarinatha 1957– | Chulabhorn Walailak Princess Srisavangavadhana 1957– | Virayudh Tishyasarin 1955– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wheeler family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sirikitiya Jensen 1985– | Juthavachara Vivacharawongse 1979– | Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse 1981– | Chakriwat Vivacharawongse 1983– | Dipangkorn Rasmijoti 2005– | Suthida Vajiralongkorn na Ayudhaya 1978– Queen | Bajra Kitiyabha Princess Rajasarinisiribajra 1978– | Adityadhorn Kitikhun 1984– | Siribha Chudhabhorn 1982– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Riya Gough | Vatchrawee Vivacharawongse 1985– | Sirivannavari 1987– | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Chakri dynasty is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin Era and the city of Bangkok in 1782; following the end of Taksin Thonburi's reign, when the capital of Siam shifted to Bangkok. The royal house was founded by Rama I, an Ayutthaya military leader of Sino-Mon descent.
Wat Phra Kaew, commonly known in English as the Temple of the Emerald Buddha and officially as Wat Phra Si Rattana Satsadaram, is regarded as the most sacred Buddhist temple in Thailand. The complex consists of a number of buildings within the precincts of the Grand Palace in the historical centre of Bangkok. It houses the statue of the Emerald Buddha, which is venerated as the country's palladium.
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharat, personal name Thongduang (ทองด้วง), also known as Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam. His full title in Thai is Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Mahachakkriborommanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok. He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin as the new capital of the reunited kingdom.
Vajiravudh was the sixth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama VI. He reigned from 1910 until his death in 1925. King Vajiravudh is best known for his efforts to create and promote Siamese nationalism. His reign was characterized by Siam's movement further towards democracy and minimal participation in World War I. He had keen interests in Siamese history, archaeology, and literature, as well as economics, politics and world affairs, and founded the country's first university, Chulalongkorn University.
The Grand Palace is a complex of buildings at the heart of Bangkok, Thailand. The palace has been the official residence of the Kings of Siam since 1782. The king, his court, and his royal government were based on the grounds of the palace until 1925. King Bhumibol Adulyadej, resided at the Chitralada Royal Villa and his successor King Vajiralongkorn resides at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, both in the Dusit Palace, but the Grand Palace is still used for official events. Several royal ceremonies and state functions are held within the walls of the palace every year. The palace is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Thailand, with over eight million people visiting each year.
Mom Rajawongse Kukrit Pramoj was a Thai politician, author, scholar and professor. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand between 1973 and 1974. He was the thirteenth Prime Minister of Thailand, serving in office from 1975 to 1976 between his brother Seni Pramoj's terms. Being the great-grandson of King Rama II, he was a member of the Thai royal family. He also portrayed the Prime Minister of the fictional country of Sarkhan in the 1963 motion picture The Ugly American with Marlon Brando.
All kings in the current Chakri dynasty of Thailand are often referred to as King Rama in the English speaking world. The name Rama was adopted from the name of the Hindu God Rama, an avatar of Vishnu.
The national emblem of Thailand is called the พระครุฑพ่าห์. The Garuda was officially adopted as the national emblem by Vajiravudh in 1911. However, the mythical creature had been used as a symbol of royalty in Thailand for centuries. The Garuda is depicted on seals, which are used by the King and the Government of Thailand to authenticate official documents and as its primary emblem.
The Palace Law of Succession, Buddhist Era 2467 (1924) governs succession to the Throne of the Kingdom of Thailand, under the ruling House of Chakri. Succession matters prior to the end of absolute monarchy in 1932 could be contentious, especially during the Ayutthaya period from the 14th to 18th centuries. In 1924, King Vajiravudh attempted to clarify the succession process by laying down the Palace Law of Succession. It was promulgated and came into effect in November 1924 as, in part, an attempt to eliminate the vagueness relating to succession within the Thai monarchical regime and to systematically resolve previous controversies. In 1932, after Siam became a constitutional monarchy, various amendments relating to succession were introduced. The 1997 Constitution of Thailand relied on the law with regards to succession, but the 2006 Interim Constitution made no mention of succession, leaving it to "constitutional practice". The 2007 Constitution again relied on the Palace Law. The preamble of the 2014 interim constitution of Thailand abrogated the 2007 Constitution, with the exception of chapter 2, concerning the monarchy and the succession.
Wat Pavaranivesh Vihara Ratchawarawihan is a major Buddhist temple (wat) in Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok, Thailand. Being the residence of Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana; the late Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, it is the final resting place of two former kings of Chakri Dynasty; King Vajiravudh and King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The temple was established in 1824 by Mahasakti Pol Sep, viceroy during the reign of King Rama III.
The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall is a royal reception hall in Dusit Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. It was commissioned by King Chulalongkorn in 1908. The building was completed in 1915, five years after Rama V's death in 1910. It is now employed from time to time for state occasions.
The Supreme Council of State of Siam was an advisory and legislative council established by King Prajadhipok of Siam that existed from 1925 to 1932. The Eton- and Sandhurst-educated monarch wished to create a council similar to a cabinet, where the most important government officials could meet to decide on state affairs. The council was founded on 28 November 1925 by royal command. Prajadhipok only succeeded to the throne three days earlier, after the death of his brother Vajiravudh on 25 November 1925.
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of the Thailand. The king of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri.
Somdet Phra Chao Lan Ther Chaofa Thong-In Krom Phra Rajawang Boworn Sathan Phimuk was a Siamese prince and military leader. A nephew of King Phutthayotfa Chulalok the founder of the Chakri dynasty, he was appointed Deputy Viceroy or Rear Palace, the 3rd highest position in the kingdom. Becoming the only person to hold that title during the Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932).
The Crown Prince of Thailand is a title held by the heir apparent to the Thai throne. First created by King Chulalongkorn in 1886, for his son Prince Maha Vajirunhis, the king's eldest son by a royal wife Queen Savang Vadhana. Prior to this, the Siamese throne did not have a law or formal system regulating the royal succession. In 1688 King Petracha of Ayutthaya created the title of Front Palace, which by the Rattanakosin period had become the main title granted to the heir presumptive to the throne. However few Front Palaces have succeeded to the throne this way, with the exception of King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai in 1809. After the death of Bovorn Wichaichan in 1885, the title of Front Palace was abolished and replaced with the title of Crown Prince, who became heir apparent to the throne.
The history of Thai money used as a medium of exchange and to settle accounts before the adoption of Thai baht coins and banknotes include novel designs and forms. For Thai people, money was considered as the symbol of civilization. Currency itself reflected faith in religion, culture, the customs and traditions of each era and also serve as a record of the development of Thailand.
The year 1932 was the 151st year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam. It was the eighth year in the reign of King Prajadhipok, and is reckoned as year 2474 and 2475 in the Buddhist Era. The year is most notable in the history of Thailand as the year in which the abolition of absolute monarchy by the Khana Ratsadon took place, on 24 June.
The 20 baht note (20฿) is currently the lowest-in-value baht banknote and has been used since 1892. The 17th series notes are currently in circulation having been introduced in 2018. The 15th, 16th and 16th (special) series are commonly used as well. The front side shows a portrait of Vajiralongkorn, the current head of the state or the king. The reverse depicts Kings Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke and Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai.