Family tree of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings

This family tree (and the trees below it) is based on a combination of Tarn's and Narain's genealogies of the Greco-Bactrian kings, which are not necessarily fully correct, as with all ancient family trees. Additionally, according to Tarn and Narain, the Eucratid dynasty is descended from Laodice, sister of Antiochus the Great and daughter of Seleukos II, whose sister married Diodotus I , the first Greco-Bactrian king. Additionally, one of Diodotus's descendants, the Greco-Bactrian ruler Demetrius the Unconquered , the first Indo-Greek king, married a daughter of Antiochus III the Great and had issue, which is shown here below. ^{[1] [2]} Thus, most of the Greco-Bactrian kings are related to each other through the Seleukid Dynasty, and thus, are related to the Diadochi and Alexander the Great . Perhaps Menander , an Indo-Greek king, married a probable daughter of Eucratides the Great (see the family trees of the Diodotids, mainline Euthydemids, and the Indo-Greek Menanderids below for a different ancestry for Agathoclea), meaning the Indo-Greek kings are related as well. ^[3] This tree covers all the Greek rulers of Bactria and India, from 255 B.C. to A.D. 10. This article also covers the family trees of the rulers of the post-Greco-Bactrian state of Dayuan and Oxyartes's family tree and his relationship to the Greco-Bactrian kings. To find more information on the various dynasties and rulers, see these articles: Greco-Bactria, Indo-Greeks, Diodotids, Euthydemids, Eucratids, Menanderids, Indo-Scythians, the Dayuan, and the Yavana people. These relationships are probable and cannot be fully verified until more archaeological excavation and research are done in Bactria.

Family tree of the early Greco-Bactrian kings (mostly Diodotids and some Euthydemids)

Greco-Bactrian kings (generally showing Diodotids) Family Tree [1] [2] [3]

NN, daughter of Antiochus II Diodotus I (perhaps also had Antiochus Nicator?), the first Greco-Bactrian king Diodotus II NN, married Euthydemus I (see Euthydemid dynasty below) Antimachus I (most likely a son of Euthydemus I) Antimachus I (for descendants, see below and to the right. Most likely a son of Euthydemus ) Apollodotus I (or son of Euthydemus, Demetrius I, Menander I, or Eucratides I (most likely a son or grandson of Euthydemus I)) Agathocles of Bactria (or a son of Pantaleon or Euthydemus)] Antimachus II (see Indo-Greek Euthydemids for more below)

Below are family trees of the Euthydemid, Eucratid, and Menanderid dynasties. ^{[1] [2] [3]} With these links, (and with Chandragupta Maurya's marriage to Seleukos's daughter, see Eucratids below), the ancient kings of Persia, India, and Greece are related.

Other family trees (Euthydemids, Eucratids, Menanderids, the later Indo-Greek Euthydemid dynasty, Indo-Scythians, Dynasty of Oxyartes, and the Ferghana kings)

Euthydemids [for the Antimachid line (Antimachus I, son of Euthydemus, father of Antimachus II), see below] [1] [2] [3]

Sophytes (satrap of Bactria, or of Arachosia, or king of Bactria? two different people? Had other descendants other than the Euthydemids? Antimachus/Apollodotus, general from a Magnesia Euthydemus I NN, daughter of Diodotus I Euthydemus II (or son of Demetrius I)? (see to the right) NN, daughter of Antiochus the Great Demetrius the Unconquered Pantaleon, first Indo-Greek king, father of Agathocles I, who is possibly also a son of Demetrius I, and he was probably the father of Agathoclea, wife of Menander (see Menanderids below). He is possibly also a son of Demetrius I Zoilus I Antimachus I (see Diodotids for different ancestry above and for descendants, see Indo-Greek Euthydemids below) Demetrius II Apollodotus I (or son of Euthydemus, Menander I, or Eucratides I (most likely a son or grandson of Euthydemus I)) Lysias Anicetus (or son of Zoilus I) Demetrius III (unclear relation, possibly a descendant is called Demetrius IV? See Menanderids below for another possible descendant, Demetrius V) Zoilus II, possibly had a son called Zoilus III? Antimachus II, for descendants, see Indo-Greek Euthydemids below Theophilus (or related to Zoilus I) Mauryan dynasty. See Eucratids below for another marriage connection between the Greeks and the Mauryans Menander ( Menander I the Great ?? If so, see Menanderids below)) Strato Berenice [4] Brihadratha Maurya, the last Mauryan emperor fall of Mauryan Empire. See Shunga Empire and the following war

Indo-Greek kings - The Indo-Greek Eucratid/Antialcidas Dynasty [1] [2] [3]

{{{Seleukos I (see Diodotids above)}}} {{{Antiochus I Soter, married Stratonice, granddaughter of Antipater, of Ale.'s Argead Dyn. (see Oxyartes dynasty below)}}} {{{NN}}} {{{Chandragupta Maurya (see Mauryan Dynasty and the Euthydemids above for a possible, but not likely, Seleucid-Mauryan descendant, the last Mauryan emperor Brihadratha Maurya, and his marriage with Berenice, the daughter of Demetrius the Unconquered)}}} {{{Antiochus II Theos}}} {{{Mauryan dynasty}}} {{{Seleukos II}}} {{{NN}}} {{{Diodotus I (for descendants, see Diodotids above)}}} {{{Heliocles}}} {{{Laodice}}} {{{Antiochus III the Great (see Euthydemids above)}}} {{{ Eucratides the Great }}} {{{Plato (or brother of Eucratides)}}} {{{Eucratides II (or son of Heliocles I)}}} {{{Heliocles I (or brother of Eucratides)}}} {{{Archebius (related to Heliocles II?)}}} {{{Yuezhi occupation - for its descendants, see Kushan Empire and Heraios for a quasi-contemporary ruler (see Indo-Greek Euthydemids and Hermaeus below)}}} {{{Heliocles II (or brother of Archebius, or son of Antialcidas, or grandson of Heliocles I, or descendant of Demetrius III, if Demetrius III, see Euthydemids above)}}} {{{Antialcidas}}} {{{Diomedes (or related to Philoxenus, see Indo-Greek Euthydemids below)}}} {{{Amyntas (or Menanderids, see Indo-Greek Euthydemids below)}}} {{{Telephus (or Indo-Scythian, see below for Maues)}}} {{{Hermaeus (see Indo-Greek Euthydemids below)}}}

Indo-Greek kings - Menanderid Dynasty [1] [2] [3]

{{{?Demetrius II? [2] (see Euthydemids), but not fully likely, so maybe just Greco-Bactrian nobility}}} Menander I Soter, the Great Agathoclea, daughter (or sister, but unlikely) of Agathocles who is either a son of Demetrius I or of Pantaleon, who is possibly also a son of Demetrius I (see Euthydemids above). She could also be a daughter of Eucratides the Great, but this is less likely (see above for his dynasty). {{{Strato I}}} {{{Thraso}}} {{{Amyntas (see Euthydemids below)}}} {{{Nicias (see Euthydemids below)}}} {{{Epander}}} {{{Menander II (unclear relation)}}} {{{Polyxenus}}} {{{Peucolaus (no relation?)}}} {{{Apollodotus II (or son of Amyntas or Apollodotus I? (most likely not the latter)}}} {{{Apollophanes (unclear relation)}}} {{{Strato II (or grandson or great-grandson of Strato I)}}} {{{Strato III}}} {{{collapse of the Indo-Greek state by Rajuvula and the Northern Satraps and Indo-Scythians}}} {{{Theodamas (unclear relation, if any)}}} {{{Demetrius V? (unclear relation, perhaps descended from Demetrius III and Demetrius IV, the probable son or grandson of Demetrius III, instead. If so, see Euthydemids above.)}}}

Indo-Greek kings - The rest of the Greco-Bactrian (there are only Indo-Greeks in this tree) and Indo-Greek Euthydemid Dynasty (see Menanderids above for more Euthydemid dynasts) [1] [2] [3]

{{{Euthydemids (or Diodotids, for both, see above)}}} Antimachus II {{{Amyntas (see Eucratids and Menanderids above)}}} {{{Philoxenus (or no dynastic connection?)}}} {{{or Menanderids (see above)}}} {{{Hermaeus}}} {{{Kalliope}}} {{{Nicias}}} {{{Yuezhi occupation - for its descendants, see Kushan Empire and Heraios for a quasi-contemporary ruler}}} {{{Hippostratus}}} {{{Kalliope (most likely daughter of Ph. instead, see above)}}}

Indo-Greek kings - Indo-Scythian kings (only some here) [1] [2] [3]
{{{Maues}}} {{{Machene, daughter of an Indo-Greek king? [5] }}} {{{Artemidoros (or son of an Indo-Greek king. Had a son if Indo-Greek?)}}} {{{Azes I (see the Indo-Scythian dynasties)}}} {{{possible descendants ?}}} {{{further kings, perhaps related or not, to A.D. 400s}}}

Dynasty of Oxyartes (if it existed at all) [6] [1] [2] [3]

{{{Oxyartes, either of Sogdian or Bactrian origin}}} {{{Spitamenes (of Sogdian origin, but of Bactrian nobility and he married an Achaemenid, both according to Tarn [7] }}} {{{Argead Dynasty (Antiochus I Soter, son of Seleukos I, married Stratonice, granddaughter of Antipater, of Argead Dyn. )}}} {{{Roxana, claimed by Sele. to be the d. of Darius III [1] }}} {{{Alexander the Great}}} {{{?Oxyartes II, III, etc.? (to c.253-244 B.C., according to Tarn [8] )}}} {{{Apama (actually only daughter of Spitamenes, and not descended from Alexander the Great, like the Seleucids claimed)}}} {{{Seleukos I Nicator}}} {{{Alexander IV}}} {{{Ptolemies, descended from Argead Dynasty}}} {{{Seleukid dynasty and the Greco-Bactrian/Indo-Greek kings (see Diodotids, Euthydemids, Eucratids, Menanderids, see above)}}} {{{descendants}}}

Dayuan kings - Ferghana kings [1] [2] [3]
[9] {{{Indo-Scythians? or Greco-Bactrians?}}} {{{Wugua}}} {{{Chanfeng}}} {{{Meicai (or Maues or father of Maues? - see Indo-Scythian above)?}}} {{{son}}} {{{?other kings?}}}

See also

• Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
• Timeline of Indo-Greek kingdoms
• Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
• Indo-Greek Kingdom
• Diodotids
• Euthydemids
• Greco-Buddhism
• Indo-Greek religions
• Indo-Greek art
• Sources of Indo-Greek history
• William Woodthorpe Tarn
• A. K. Narain
• Osmund Bopearachchi

References

1. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 568. ISBN   9781108009416 . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
2. Narain, A.K. (1957). The Indo-Greeks: Revisited and Supplemented (4 ed.). Delhi, India: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 305. ISBN   9788176463492 . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
3. Narain, A. K. (1970). Astin, Alan E. (ed.). The Cambridge ancient history. 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C. (2. ed., [reprint.] ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 406. ISBN   978-0-521-23448-1.
4. Paranavithana, Senarath (1971). The Greeks and the Mauryas. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Lake House Investments. p. 84. ISBN   9780842607933 . Retrieved 10 January 2025.
5. Senior, R.C. (2001). Indo-Scythian Coins and History: Volume IV - Supplement, Additional Coins and Hoards; the Sequences of Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Kings. Lancaster, PA: Classical Numismatic Group Inc. p. xxxvi. ISBN   0970926863 . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
6. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 96, 101, 211, 449, 484. ISBN   9781108009416 . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
7. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 449. ISBN   9781108009416 . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
8. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN   9781108009416 . Retrieved 1 January 2025.
9. Qian, Sima; Watson, Burton (1961). Records of the Grand Historian of China, Translated from the Shih Chi of Sima Qian, Volume II. New York, U.S.: Columbia University Press. ISBN   0-231-08167-7 . Retrieved 1 January 2025.

Sources

• Narain, A.K. (1957). The Indo-Greeks: Revisited and Supplemented (4 ed.). Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 305. ISBN   9788176463492 . Retrieved 30 December 2024.
• Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 568. ISBN   9781108009416 . Retrieved 30 December 2024.