Family tree of Japanese monarchs

The following is a family tree of the emperors of Japan, from the legendary Emperor Jimmu to the present monarch, Naruhito. ^[1]

Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; Kōgen's descendant, Emperor Sujin (98 BC – 30 BC?), is the first for whom many agree that he might have actually existed. ^[2] These monarchs are regarded by historians as "legendary emperors", since there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. ^[3]

The reign of Emperor Kinmei (c. 509–571 AD), the 29th emperor, ^[4] is the first for which the contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates. ^[5] However, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty. ^[6]

This family tree emphasizes the medieval to modern history of the Japanese royal family. For more info on the genealogies of earlier figures see Family tree of Japanese deities.

Family tree

  Female  Male  genderless or unknown gender  Group of people

Family tree of Japanese monarchs

SHINTO DEITIES/GOD/KAMI (legendary genealogy) [7] Takamimusubi [8] Izanagi [9] Izanami [10] Kamimusubi Amaterasu [11] Ōyamatsumi [12] Susanoo [13] Futodama [14] Takuhadachiji-hime [15] Ame no Oshihomimi [16] Ame-no-hohi Watatsumi [17] Haji clan [18] Izumo priests (Izumo clan) Imbe clan [19] Nigihayahi Ninigi [20] Konohana Sakuyahime [21] Utsushihikanasaku  [ ja ] Furutama-no-mikoto  [ ja ] Mononobe clan Tamanoya [22] Hoderi (Umisachi-hiko) [23] Hohodemi (Hoori) [24] Toyotama-hime [25] Azumi people （Owari Kuni-no-miyatsuko , Yamato no Kuni no Miyatsuko) son or 6th-generation descendant Shinabe clan Hayato people [26] Ugayafu-kiaezu [27] Tamayori-hime [28] Ōkuninushi [29] (Ōnamuchi) [30] Nunakawahime Ame-no-Koyane Hosuseri Kotoshironushi [31] Tamakushi-hime Ame no oshikumo no mikoto  [ ja ] (Nakatomi clan progenitor) [32] Takeminakata Yasakatome Susa Clan [33] (clan of priests at Susa Shrine) JAPANESE EMPERORS Inahi no Mikoto Itsuse no Mikoto Ahiratsu-hime 711–585 BC Jimmu r. 660–585(1) Himetataraisuzu-hime [34] Miwa clan Amenotaneko  [ ja ] [32] Kisumimi Tagishimimi 632–549 BC Suizei r. 581–549(2) Isuzuyori-hime Hikoyai Kamuyaimimi d. 577 BC Usami no Mikoto  [ ja ] [32] 567–511 BC Annei r. 549–511(3) Ikisomimi no mikoto  [ ja ] Mishokutsuomi no Mikoto  [ ja ] [32] 553–477 BC Itoku r. 510–476(4) Amonotoyototsu-hime Ikatsuomikoto  [ ja ] [32] Yosotarashi-hime 501–393 BC Kōshō r. 475–393(5) Nashitomi  [ ja ] [32] Ametarashihiko kunioshihito  [ ja ] 427–291 BC Kōan r. 392–291(6) Kamikikikatsu  [ ja ] [32] Oshihime 342–215 BC Kōrei r. 290–215(7) Kushiukameshi no Mikoto  [ ja ] [32] ancestry Ikagashikome [a] 273–158 BC Kōgen r. 214–158(8) Kibitsuhiko Yamatototohimomoso-hime Kuninazu no oukashima  [ ja ] [32] Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto 208–98 BC Kaika r. 157–98(9) Omikiyama no Mikoto  [ ja ] [32] 148–30 BC Sujin r. 97–30(10) Hikoimasu Nakatomi no Ikatsu  [ ja ] [32] son or grandson Takenouchi no Sukune Yasaka Iribiko 69 BC–70 AD Suinin r. 29 BC – 70 AD(11) Yamashiro no Ōtsutsuki Mawaka O-o-obase-no-mikoto (大小橋命) [32] Yasaka Iribime 13 BC–130 AD Keikō r. 71–130(12) Kanime Ikazuchi Nakatomi no Amahisa-no-kimi [32] Soga no Ishikawa Sukune (Soga clan progenitor) 84–190 Seimu r. 131–191(13) Ioki Iribiko Yamato Takeru Futaji Irihime Okinaga no Sukune Nakatomi no Abiko [32] Soga no Machi Homuda Mawaka 149–200 Chūai r. 192–200(14) Jingū 200–270 Nakatomi no Mahito [32] Nakatsuhime 201–310 Ōjin r. 270–310(15) Nakatomi no Kamako [32] Soga no Karako Princess Iwa 290–399 Nintoku r. 313–399(16) Wakanuke no Futamata Nakatomi no Kuroda [32] Richū r. 400–405(17) Hanzei r. 406–410(18) Ingyō r. 411–453(19) Oshisaka no Hime Ohohoto no Ōkimi Soga no Koma Ichinobe no Oshiwa Ankō r. 453–456(20) 418–479 Yūryaku r. 456–479(21) Ohi no Ōkimi 449–487 Kenzō r. 484–487(23) Ninken r. 488–498(24) Seinei r. 480–484(22) Ushi no Ōkimi 489–507 Buretsu r. 498–507(25) Tashiraka Keitai r. 507–531(26) Soga no Iname 506?–570 Tachibana 467–539 Senka r. 536–539(28) 465–536 Ankan r. 531–536(27) Soga no Umako c.551–626 Nakatomi no Tokiwa [32] Ishi-Hime 509–571 Kinmei r. 539–571(29) Soga no Kitashihime Soga no Oanenokimi Hiro Hime ?–575 Unako no Otoshi 538–585 Bidatsu r. 572–585(30) 554–628 Suiko r. 593–628(33) 540–587 Yōmei r. 585–587(31) Anahobe no Hashihito 520–592 Sushun r. 587–592(32) Soga no Kuramaro Nakatomi no Katanoko [32] Oshisako no Oe b. 556 Nukate Hime b. 570 Prince Sakurai 560–587? Prince Shōtoku 574–622 Ōtomo no Koteko Nakatomi no Mikeko [32] Chinu no Ōkimi Kibi Hime Soga no Murajiko 611–664 614–669 Fujiwara no Kamatari (Fujiwara clan progenitor) [32] [36] 669 593–641 Jomei r. 629–641(34) 594–661 Kōgyoku r. 642–645(35) Saimei r. 654–661(37) 596–654 Kōtoku r. 645–654(36) Prince Nanba  [ ja ] Soga no Masako Fujiwara no Fuhito 659–720 626–671 Tenji r. 661–671(38) Yamato Hime no Ōkimi Prince Kurikuma  [ ja ] 648–672 Kōbun r. 672–672(39) Princess Tōchi 648/653–678 645–703 Jitō r. 686–697(41) 631–686 Tenmu r. 672–686(40) Prince Minu  [ ja ] Fujiwara no Fusasaki 681–737 Shiki c.668–716 660–721 Genmei r. 707–715(43) Kusakabe 662–689 Prince Toneri 676–735 Tachibana no Michiyo (Tachibana clan progenitor) Fujiwara no Miyako 683–754 683–707 Monmu r. 697–707(42) 683–748 Genshō r. 715–724(44) 733–765 Junnin r. 758–764(47) Tachibana no Moroe Fujiwara no Matate 715–766 Empress Kōmyō 701–760 701–756 Shōmu r. 724–749(45) Tachibana no Naramaro 718–770 Kōken r. 749–758(46) Shōtoku r. 764–770(48) Princess Inoe (Ikami) 717–775 709–782 Kōnin r. 770–781(49) Takano no Niigasa c.720–790 Tachibana no Kiyotomo  [ ja ] Fujiwara no Uchimaro 756–812 Sakahito 754–829 Yamabe 737–806 Kanmu r. 781–806(50) Fujiwara no Otomuro 760–790 Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu 775–826 Asahara 779–817 Ate 774–824 Heizei r. 806–809(51) Kamino 786–842 Saga r. 809–823(52) Tachibana no Kachiko 786–850 Princess Koshi 789–809 Ōtomo 786–840 Junna r. 823–833(53) Kazurawara Shinno  [ ja ] Fujiwara no Nagara 802–856 Fujiwara no Yoshifusa 804–872 Minamoto no Kiyohime 810–856 Fujiwara no Nobuko 809–871 Masara 810–850 Ninmyō (Fukakusa) r. 833–850(54) Princess Seishi 810–879 Takami Shinno  [ ja ] Fujiwara no Akirakeiko 829–899 Michiyasu 827–858 Montoku r. 850–858(55) Tokiyasu 830–887 Kōkō r. 884–887(58) Taira no Takamochi (Taira clan progenitor) Fujiwara no Mototsune 836–891 Fujiwara no Takaiko 842–910 Korehito 850–880 Seiwa r. 858–876(56) Sadami 867–931 Uda r. 887–897(59) Fujiwara no Tadahira 880–949 Sadaakira 869–949 Yōzei r. 876–884(57) Fujiwara no Onshi 885–954 Atsuhito 885–930 Daigo r. 897–930(60) Prince Atsumi 893–967 Kōshi 919–957 Fujiwara no Morosuke 909–960 Fujiwara no Kinsue 957–1029 Fujiwara no Koretada 924–972 Yutaakira 923–952 Suzaku r. 930–946(61) Fujiwara no Anshi 927–964 Nariakira 926–967 Murakami r. 946–967(62) Fujiwara no Kaneie 929–990 Minamoto no Masanobu 920–993 Fujiwara no Kaishi 945–975 Norihira 950–1011 Reizei r. 967–969(63) Princess Masako 950–1000 Fujiwara no Chōshi c.954–982 Morihira 959–991 En'yū r. 969–984(64) Fujiwara no Senshi 962–1002 Fujiwara no Michinaga 966–1028 Minamoto no Rinshi 964–1053 Fujiwara no Sanenari 975–1004 Morohada 968–1008 Kazan r. 984–986(65) Fujiwara no Seishi 972–1025 Iyasada 976–1017 Sanjō r. 1011–1016(67) Fujiwara no Kenshi 994–1027 Fujiwara no Shōshi 988–1074 Kanehito 980–1011 Ichijō r. 986–1011(66) Fujiwara no Teishi 977–1001 Fujiwara no Kinnari Princess Teishi 1013–1094 Fujiwara no Genshi 1016–1039 Atsunaga 1009–1045 Go-Suzaku r. 1036–1045(69) Fujiwara no Kishi 1007–1025 Atsuhira 1008–1036 Go-Ichijō r. 1016–1036(68) Fujiwara no Ishi 999–1036 Fujiwara Shigeko ?–1062 Takahito 1034–1073 Go-Sanjō r. 1068–1073(71) Princess Kaoruko 1029–1093 Chikahito 1025–1068 Go-Reizei r. 1045–1068(70) Princess Akiko {Shōshi} 1027–1105 Fujiwara no Kanshi 1021–1102 Fujiwara no Hiroko 1036–1127 Fujiwara no Sanesue 1035–1092 Sadahito 1053–1129 Shirakawa r. 1073–1087(72) Fujiwara no Kenshi 1057–1084 Fujiwara no Yorimichi Fujiwara no Kinzane 1053–1107 Fujiwara no Ishi 1076–1103 Taruhito 1079–1107 Horikawa r. 1087–1107(73) Princess Tokushi 1060–1114 Princess Yasuko 1076–1096 Fujiwara no Morozane Fujiwara no Michisue 1090–1128 Tokudaiji Saneyoshi 1117–1173 Fujiwara no Nariko 1117–1160 Munehito 1096–1157 Toba r. 1107–1123(74) Fujiwara no Tamako 1101–1145 Fujiwara no Yasuko 1095–1156 Fujiwara no Moromichi Fujiwara no Kinmichi 1117–1173 Tokudaiji Kinyoshi 1115–1161 Masahito 1127–1192 Go-Shirakawa r. 1155–1158(77) Fujiwara no Kinshi 1134–1209 Akihito 1119–1164 Sutoku r. 1123–1142(75) Fujiwara no Kiyoko 1121–1182 Taira no Kiyomori 1118–1181 Fujiwara no Tadazane Fujiwara no Sanemune 1145–1214 Princess Yoshiko 1141–1176 Morihito 1143–1165 Nijō r. 1158–1165(78) Fujiwara no Tashi 1140–1202 Narihito 1139–1155 Konoe r. 1142–1155(76) Fujiwara no Shimeko 1131–1176 Norihito 1161–1181 Takakura r. 1168–1180(80) Taira no Tokuko 1155–1213 Fujiwara no Tadamichi Saionji Kintsune 1171–1244 Yorihito 1164–1176 Rokujō r. 1165–1168(79) Fujiwara no Ikushi 1146–1173 Takahura 1180–1239 Go-Toba r. 1185–1198(82) Kujō Ninshi 1173–1239 Prince Morisada 1179－1223 Tokihito 1178–1185 Antoku r. 1180–1185(81) Konoe Motozane Tōin Saneo 1219–1273 Saionji Saneuji 1194–1269 Fujiwara no Reishi 1185–1243 Tamehito 1196–1231 Tsuchimikado r. 1198–1210(83) Morinari 1197–1242 Juntoku r. 1210–1221(84) Fujiwara no Ritsushi 1192–1248 Yutahito 1212–1234 Go-Horikawa r. 1221–1232(86) Fujiwara no Shunshi 1209–1233 Konoe Motomichi Saionji Kisshi 1225–1292 Kunihito 1220–1272 Go-Saga r. 1242–1246(88) Kanenari 1218–1234 Chūkyō r. 1221(85) Mitsuhito 1231–1242 Shijō r. 1232–1242(87) Konoe Iezane Tōin Inshi 1246–1329 Hisahito 1243–1304 Go-Fukakusa r. 1246–1260(89) Saionji (Fujiwara) no Kimiko 1232–1304 Tōin no Saneko 1245–1272 Tsunehito 1249–1305 Kameyama r. 1260–1274(90) Fujiwara no Kishi 1252–1318 Prince Munetaka 1242–1274 Shōgun: 1252–1266 Konoe Kanetsune Tōin Sueko 1265–1336 Hirohito 1265–1317 Fushimi r. 1287–1298(92) Prince Hisaaki 1279–1308 Shōgun: 1289–1308 Reishi 1270–1307 Yohito 1267–1324 Go-Uda r. 1274–1287(91) Prince Koreyasu 1264–1326 Shōgun: 1266–1289 Konoe Motohira Tomihito 1297–1348 Hanazono r. 1308–1318(95) Tanehito 1288–1336 Go-Fushimi r. 1298–1301(93) Prince Morikuni 1301–1333 Shōgun: 1308–1333 Takaharu 1288–1339 Go-Daigo r. 1318–1339(96) Saionji Kishi 1303–1333 Kuniharo 1285–1308 Go-Nijō r. 1301–1308(94) Fujiwara no Kinshi 1271–1342 Konoe Iemoto Yutahito 1322–1380 Kōmyō 1336–1348 Kazuhito 1313–1348 Kōgon 1332–1334 Princess Junshi 1311–1337 Noriyoshi 1328–1368 Go-Murakami r. 1339–1368(97) Prince Moriyoshi 1308–1335 Shōgun: 1333–1334 Prince Narinaga 1326–1338/1344 Shōgun: 1334–1338 Prince Tsunenaga 1324–1338 Prince Munenaga 1311–c.1385 Prince Kaneyoshi c.1329–1383 Konoe Tsunehira Okihito 1334–1398 Sukō 1348–1351 Iyahito 1336–1374 Go-Kōgon 1352–1371 Yutanari 1343–1394 Chōkei r. 1368–1383(98) Hironari 1347–1424 Go-Kameyama r. 1383–1392(99) Konoe Mototsugu Yoshihito shinnō 1351–1416 Ohito 1359–1393 Go-En'yū 1371–1382 Key: Northern Pretender Legitimate Emperor Konoe Michitsugu Sadafusa shinnō 1372–1456 Motohito 1377–1433 Go-Komatsu 1382–1392 r. 1392–1412(100) Konoe Kanetsugu Mihito 1401–1428 Shōkō r. 1412–1428(101) Konoe Tadatsugu 1383–1454 Hikohito 1419–1471 Go-Hanazono r. 1428–1464(102) Fushimi Sadatsune 1426–1474 Konoe Fusatsugu Fusahito 1442–1500 Go-Tsuchimikado r. 1464–1500(103) Fushimi Kunitaka 1456–1532 Konoe Masaie Katsuhito 1464–1526 Go-Kashiwabara r. 1500–1526(104) Fushimi Sadaatsu 1488–1572 Hisamichi (15) 1472–1544 Tomohito 1497–1557 Go-Nara r. 1526–1557(105) Fushimi Kunisuke 1513–1563 Taneie (16) 1503–1566 Michihito 1517–1593 Ōgimachi r. 1557–1586(106) Fushimi Kuninobu 1566–1622 Tokugawa Ieyasu 1543–1616 Shōgun: 1603–1605 Konoe Sakihisa Prince Masahito 1552–1586 Fushimi Sadakiyo 1596–1654 Tokugawa Hidetada 1579–1632 Shōgun: 1605–1623 Konoe Sakiko Kazuhito 1572–1617 Go-Yōzei r. 1586–1611(107) Fushimi Sadayuki 1632–1694 Tokugawa Masako 1607–1678 Kokohito 1596–1680 Go-Mizunoo r. 1611–1629(108) Okiko 1624–1696 Meishō r. 1629–1643(109) Tsuguhito 1633–1654 Go-Kōmyō r. 1643–1654(110) Nagahito 1638–1685 Go-Sai r. 1655–1663(111) Satohito 1654–1732 Reigen r. 1663–1687(112) Takatsukasa Fusako 1653–1712 Kujō Sukezane 1669–1729 Mashiko 1669–1738 Asahito 1675–1710 Higashiyama r. 1687–1709(113) Princess Yukiko 1680–1720 Yoshiko 1676–1707 Fushimi Kuninaga 1676–1726 Kujō Yukinori 1700–1728 Naohito shinnō 1704–1753 Yashuhito 1702–1737 Nakamikado r. 1709–1735(114) Nijō Munemoto 1727–1754 Teruhito 1720–1750 Sakuramachi r. 1735–1747(115) Fushimi Sadatake 1701–1754 Sukehito shinnō 1733–1794 Toohito 1741–1762 Momozono r. 1747–1762(116) Toshiko 1740–1813 Go-Sakuramachi r. 1762–1771(117) Nijō Harutaka 1754–1826 Hidehito 1758–1779 Go-Momozono r. 1771–1779(118) Fushimi Kuniyori 1733–1802 Kajyūji Tadako 1780–1843 Morohito 1771–1840 Kōkaku r. 1780–1817(119) Princess Yoshiko 1779–1846 Fushimi Sadayuki 1776–1841 Kujō Hisatada 1798–1871 Ayahito 1800–1846 Ninkō r. 1817–1846(120) Ōgimachi Naoko 1803–1856 Fushimi Kuniie 1802–1872 Empress Dowager Eishō (Asako Kujō) 1835–1897 Osahito 1831–1867 Kōmei r. 1846–1867(121) Nakayama Yoshiko 1836–1907 Kujō Michitaka 1839–1906 Yanagiwara Naruko 1859–1943 Mutsuhito 1852–1912 Meiji r. 1867–1912(122) Empress Dowager Shōken (Haruko Ichijō) 1849–1914 Kuni Asahiko 1824–1891 Prince Fushimi Sadanaru 1858–1923 Empress Teimei (Sadako Kujō) 1884–1951 Yoshihito 1879–1926 Taishō r. 1912–1926(123) Kuni Kuniyoshi 1873–1929 Toshiko, Princess Yasu 1896–1978 Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni 1887–1990 Prince Nashimoto Morimasa 1874–1951 Gojong 1852–1919 Emperor of Korea Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu 1875–1946 Setsuko Matsudaira 1909–1995 Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu 1902–1953 Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu 1905–1987 Kikuko Tokugawa 1911–2004 Yi Bangja 1901–1989 Crown Princess of Korea Yi Un 1897–1970 Crown Prince of Korea Kaya Tsunenori 1900–1978 Yuriko Takagi 1923-2024 Takahito, Prince Mikasa 1915–2016 Hirohito 1901–1989 Shōwa r. 1926–1989(124) Empress Kōjun (Princess Nagako of Kuni) 1903–2000 Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi 1897–1938 Yoshihito, Prince Katsura 1948–2014 Princess Yasuko of Mikasa b. 1944 Tadateru Konoe b. 1939 Sachiko, Princess Hisa 1927–1928 Takako, Princess Suga b. 1939 Hisanaga Shimazu b. 1934 Shigeko, Princess Teru 1925–1961 Morihiro Higashikuni 1916–1969 Toshimichi Takatsukasa 1923–1966 Kazuko, Princess Taka 1929–1989 The Empress Emerita (Michiko Shōda) b. 1934 Akihito b. 1933 The Emperor Emeritus r. 1989–2019(125) Masahito, Prince Hitachi b. 1935 Hanako Tsugaru b. 1940 Atsuko, Princess Yori b. 1931 Takamasa Ikeda 1926–2012 Yi Ku 1931–2005 Pretender of Korea Prince Kaya Akinori 1929–1994 Fushimi Hiroaki b. 1932 Prince Tomohito of Mikasa 1946–2012 Nobuko Asō b. 1955 Naruhito b. 1960 The Emperor r. 2019–present(126) The Empress (Masako Owada) b. 1963 Crown Prince Akishino b. 1965 Crown Princess Akishino (Kiko Kawashima) b. 1966 Sayako, Princess Nori b. 1969 Yoshiki Kuroda b. 1965 Kaya Masanori b. 1959 Norihito, Prince Takamado 1954–2002 Hisako Tottori b. 1953 Princess Akiko of Mikasa b. 1981 Princess Yōko of Mikasa b. 1983 Aiko, Princess Toshi b. 2001 Princess Mako b. 1991 Kei Komuro b. 1991 Princess Kako b. 1994 Prince Hisahito b. 2006 Princess Tsuguko of Takamado b. 1986 Princess Noriko of Takamado b. 1988 Kunimaro Senge b. 1973 Princess Ayako of Takamado b. 1990 Kei Moriya b. 1986

See also

• Succession to the Japanese throne
• Family Tree of Japanese deities
• Fushimi-no-miya § Family Tree showing the family tree of the potentially future royal family if laws were changed

Notes

1. There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston. ^[35]

References

General

• "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF). Imperial Household Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
• "Family tree of Japanese monarchs"

Specific

1. Kamu-yamato Iware-biko. Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
2. Yoshida, Reiji. "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl", Japan Times. March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.
3. Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture", Japanese Archaeology. April 27, 2009.
4. Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.
5. Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.
6. Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.
7. Rotermund, Hartmut O., ed. (2000). "Généalogie des kami" [Genealogy of the kami]. Religions, croyances et traditions populaires du Japon [Religions, beliefs and popular traditions in Japan] (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 117. ISBN   978-87-06-81432-9.
8. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Takamimusubi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
9. Atsushi, Kadoya (20 October 2005). "Izanagi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
10. Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (12 March 2005). "Izanami". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
11. Mizue, Mori (15 March 2006). "Amaterasu". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
12. Kaoru, Nakayama (7 May 2005). "Ōyamatsumi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
13. Atsushi, Kadoya (10 May 2005). "Susanoo". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
14. Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (June 3, 2014). Studies In Shinto & Shrines. Routledge. ISBN   9781136892943 – via Google Books.
15. Mizue, Mori (13 May 2005). "Yorozuhatahime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
16. Kazuhiko, Nishioka (21 April 2005). "Amenooshihomimi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
17. Kaoru, Nakayama (13 May 2005). "Watatsumi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
18. Cali, J.; Dougill, J. (2012). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. University of Hawaii Press. p. 69. ISBN   978-0-8248-3775-4 . Retrieved 2020-11-21.
19. "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Medieval and Early Modern Schools : Inbe Shintō". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp.
20. Mizue, Mori; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (6 May 2005). "Ninigi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
21. Mizue, Mori (28 April 2005). "Konohanasakuyahime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
22. "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Kami in Classic Texts : Amenoakarutama". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp.
23. Mizue, Mori (22 April 2005). "Hohodemi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
24. Mizue, Mori (22 April 2005). "Hohodemi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
25. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Toyotamabime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
26. Japanese Mythology a to Z. Infobase. 2009. ISBN   9781438128023 – via Google Books.
27. Mizue, Mori (12 May 2005). "Ugayafukiaezu". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
28. Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Tamayoribime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
29. Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
30. Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
31. Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
32. • 太田亮 [in Japanese] (1934). "大中臣 オホナカトミ". In 上田, 萬年 [in Japanese]; 三上, 参次 監修 [in Japanese] (eds.). 姓氏家系大辞典. Vol. 第1巻. 姓氏家系大辞典刊行会. pp. 1257–1261. OCLC   673726070. JPNO   47004572. * 中村英重「中臣氏と家門」（所収:吉村武彦 編『律令制国家と古代社会の詳細』（塙書房、2005年（平成17年）） ISBN 978-4-8273-1196-9）
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