Family tree of early and legendary Thai monarchs

Sukhothai-related dynasties

Patumsuriyawong [a] lineage [2] : 11

From Chawa (ชวา, Luang Prabang) or Nam Ou basin. [3]

Suriya Racha (สุริยราชา) [2] : 11  King of Pichit Prakan

Sirisutha Ratchathewi (สิริสุธาราชเทวี) [2] : 11

Si Nao Nam Thum  [ th ] [b] Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [3] King of Sukhothai–Chaliang r. 1157/58–1181/82

Suriya Thewi (สุริยาเทวี) [2] : 11

Chantha Racha [b] (จันทราชา) [2] : 11  Former K. of Phichit Prakan King of Sukhothai–Chaliang r. 1208–1238 [5]

Nang Nak (นางนาค) [2] : 12–13

Sukhon Thewi  [ km ] (สุขรมหาเทวี) Princess of Yaśodharapura

Pha Mueang Ruler of Mueang Rat [c] Late 12th–mid 13th centuries

Sueang  [ th ] [7] : 19

Phra Ruang I [2] : 24–28  (Si Inthrathit) [5] K. of Sukhothai–Sawankhalok 1188–1270 r. 1238–1270

Rebuild Sawankhalok [2] : 17 / Phra Ruang Dynasty establishment

Khamhaeng Phra Ram  [ th ] Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [d]

First king of Si Nao Nam Thum dynasty  [ th ]

Some scholars speculate he's from upper Nan River Valley [3]

Si Sattha  [ th ] Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [d] 1315–?

Ban Mueang King of Sukhothai –Sawankhalok ?–1271 r. 1270–1271

Ram Khamhaeng King of Sukhothai– Sawankhalok [2] : 24–28  1237/47–1298 r. 1279–1298

Si Chanthra (ศรีจันทรา) [2] : 17

Unknown (Commoner from Donwun) [2] : 18

Unknown (Princess)

Unknown (Princess)

Ngua Nam Thum King of Sukhothai ?–1347/48 r. 1323/24–1347/48

Loe Thai King of Sukhothai [2] : 29  r. 1298–1323

May Hnin Thwe-Da (สุวรรณเทวี) [2] : 17  ~1250s–?

Wareru K. of Hanthawaddy 1253–1307 r. 1287–1307

After the reign of Ram Khamhaeng, the seat of Sawankhalok was vacant for 50 years [2] : 29

Hkun Law K. of Hanthawaddy r.1307–1311

Hnin U Yaing c. 1260s–1319

Sumontha Thewi (สุมณฑาเทวี) [2] : 29

Lithai Ex-ruler of Sawankhalok [2] : 29  (r.1340–1362/63) [7] : 31  King of Sukhothai r. 1347–1368

Continue to the Wareru Dynasty

Khottrabong (โคตรบอง) Ruler of Sawankhalok [2] : 32, 35  r. 1368–1429

Appointed ruler (Independent)

After the reign of Lithai, Sukhothai became a vassal of Ayutthaya

Saeng Hang (แสงหัง) Ruler of Sawankhalok [2] : 35  r. 1429–?

Usurper (Independent)

Continue to the Phra Ruang Dynasty

Phitsanulok–Chai Nat–Singburi

From Mueang Chiang Saen  [ th ] [8]

Sai Nam Phueng (สายน้ำผึ้ง) [2] : 35–36  Ruler of Sawankhalok r. 1106–1111 Later King of Lavo's Ayodhya r. 1111–1165

Dara Ratchathewi (ดาราราชเทวี) [2] : 36

Siri Pracha Ratchathewi (ศิริประชาราชเทวี) [2] : 37

Suthamma Racha (สุธรรมราชา/ศรีธรรมไตรปิฏก) Ruler of Phitsanulok [2] : 36–37  r. ?–1115 Later king of Lavo's Lavapura r. 1115–1181

Pathumsuriyawong lineage

(Re)founded Phitsanulok

Unknown (Pathum- suriyawong lineage) [2] : 37

Inthawadi Thewi (อินทวดีเทวี) [2] : 38

Phitsanu Racha (พิษณุราชา) [2] : 37–38  Ruler of Phitsanulok

Sirikanya Ratchathewi (ศิริกัญญาราชเทวี) [2] : 38

Phichai Racha (พิชัยราชา) [2] : 38  Ruler of Phichai Buri [e]

Founder of Phichai Buri [e]

Founder of Phichit

Suchawadi Thewi (สุชาวดีเทวี) [2] : 39

Si Sing (ศรีสิงห์) [2] : 38–39  Ruler of Phichai Buri [e]

Suwanna Bappata (สุวรรณบัพพตา) [2] : 39

Chetthakuman (เชษฐกุมาร)

Chantha Thewi (จันทาเทวี) [2] : 40

Surintharacha (สุรินทราชา) [2] : 40–42  Ruler of Chai Nat

Suriyawongsa (สุริยวงศา) [2] : 42  Ruler of Chai Nat

Pathumwadi (ปทุมวดี) [2] : 42

Anurat (อนุราช) Ex-ruler of Chai Nat Ruler of Sing Buri

In Sucha Thewi (อินสุชาเทวี) [2] : 44

Founder of Chai Nat

Intharacha (อินทราชา) [2] : 44–45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Rebuild Singburi and enthroned as a new ruler [2] : 43

Ramesuan (ราเมศวร) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Borommaracha (บรมราชา) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Maha Chakkrawat (มหาจักรวรรดิ) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Phothisan (โพธิสาร) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Early Lavo (Uthong) dynasty

1st theory: Lavo's Singburi lineage

Unknown origin [2] : 45

Ekracha [2] : 45  (เอกราชา) Ruler of Sing Buri

Boromtilok (บรมติโลก) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Siri Phupa Racha (ศิริภูปราชา) [2] : 45  Ruler of Sing Buri

Mani Mala [2] : 46  (มณีมาลา)

Intharacha [2] : 46  Ex-ruler of Sing Buri Ruler of Phetchaburi

Uthong Ruler of Sing Buri

Phummawadi Thewi [2] : 47  (ภุมมาวดีเทวี)

Uthong [f] [2] : 47  Ex-ruler of Phetchaburi 1st Ayutthaya's king

Rebuild Phetchaburi and enthroned as a new ruler. [2] : 46

Continue to the Lavo (Uthong) dynasty of Ayutthaya

2nd theory: Phetchaburi – Lavo's Ayodhya lineage

  King of Suphannabhum

  King of Ayutthaya

  King of Lavo's Lopburi (as a frontier city of Sukhothai)

Singhanavati dynasty [9] : 46–84

Phangkharat  [ th ] King of Singhanavati

Thukkhita  [ th ] King of Singhanavati

Phrom Ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan

Kaeo-supha (แก้วสุภา)

Chaiyasiri Ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan and Nacontai

Origin remains uncleared, possibly from the Angkor, Mun River Valley, Lavo, South India, or south of the Kra Isthmus.

From Wiang Phang Kham of Singhanavati [10]

Kraison Rat (ไกรศรราช)

Soi La/U Thong I [11] (พระยาสร้อยหล้า/อู่ทอง)

Chaisiri or Chaiyasiri? (ชัยศิริ) Ruler of Phetchaburi

Pprappanom Tteleiseri [11] Ruler of Phetchaburi r.1188–?

1st Tritrueng  [ th ] King King of Phraek Si Racha (Name unidentified)

U Thong II (พระเจ้าอู่ทอง)

Phanom Wang [12] Ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat

Sadiang Thong Princes of Tritrueng  [ th ] [12]

2nd Tritrueng  [ th ] King King of Phraek Si Racha Later Lavo King [13]

U Thong III (พระยาอู่ทอง)

Sontra Ruler of Na Tranom

Kuman Ruler of Tathong  [ th ]

Sri Maharacha [14] Ruler of Sa U Lao [15] Later K. of Thep Nakhon Chaisiri

Son Sai (สนไส้/จันทรเทวีศรีรัตนฉายา) [13]

Unknown [16] Princes of U Thong

Ramracha (Uthong?) 1st king of Ayutthaya

Ramesuan 2nd king of Ayutthaya

Lavo dynasty of Ayutthaya

Daughter of Loe Thai (Sukhothai Kingdom)

Pho Ngua [17] 3rd king of Ayutthaya Ex-ruler of Suphannabhum

Unknown Princess

Suphannabhum dynasty of Ayutthaya

3rd theory: Si Satchanalai – Lavo's Ayodhya lineage

  King of Suphannabhum

  King of Phetchaburi

  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Phetchaburi

  King of Ayutthaya–Suphannabhum

  King of Lavo's Lopburi

  King of Lavo's Ayodhya (formerly "Mueang Nong Son" or "Mueang Wat Derm")

  King of Ayutthaya

  King of Nakhon Si Thammarat

  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Lopburi

  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Suphannabhum

  King of Ayutthaya–Phetchaburi

Timeline and family tree of Thai monarchs in the lower Chao Phraya Valley from the 10th century to the formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom

Invented Chula Sakarat Kakapat/Sakkorndam (กากะพัตร/สักกรดำ) [18] : 25  King of Takkasila (Ayodhyapura?) r. 566–638 Ramaraj (รามราช) King of Ramburi [19] (Ayodhyapura?) r. 648?–? Camadevi (จามเทวี) [19] Queen of Haripuñjaya r. 622–629 Kalavarnadishraj (กาฬวรรณดิศราช) [18] : 25  King of Takkasila (Ayodhyapura?) r. 638–648 King of Lavo r. 648–700 Founder of Lavo Continue to the Camadevi dynasty of Haripuñjaya Several generations Continue to the Lavo dynasty of Lavo Kingdom Fall of Ayodhyapura From Mueang Bang Than (บางทาน), Kamphaeng Phet [18] : 30  Uchitajakraphad (อุฉิฎฐกะจักรวรรดิ) r. ?–927/928 Later King of Haripuñjaya Continue to the Lavo dynasty of Haripuñjaya Kong กง [18] : 55–59  r. 807 [20] –867 [21] Maha Phutthasakorn (พระมหาพุทธสาคร) Founder of Mueang Wat Derm r. 934–964 [18] : 30  [g] Tambralinga conquered of Lavo in 927/928, Lavo' king Uchitajakraphad fled to Haripuñjaya Phan พาน/พาลราช r. 867 [21] –916 [22] : 530  Also King of Haripuñjaya (r. 913–916) [22] : 530  Kottabong โคตรตะบอง Ruler of Mueang Wat Derm r. 964–983 [18] : 30–31  Sujita (สุชิตราช/ชีวกะ/วรราช) King of Tambralinga (r. ?–1003?) King of Lavo (r. 927/928) Lavo led by Sujita seized Suphannabhum, Chadachota and Thamikaraj fled to Tak and Haripuñjaya. [22] : 191  Unknown [22] : 191  Potentially, Phansa (พระพรรษา) [18] : 59  r. 913–1003? or 916–1006? Several generations Usurper Sinthapomarinthra Kraek (สินทพอมรินทร แกรก) [22] : 65  Ruler of Mueang Wat Derm r. 983–1042 (59 yrs) [18] : 33  Devastation of Lavo due to the 1002–1010 Angkorian Civil Wars Kampoch (กัมโพช) r. 927/928–? Lavo led by Kampoch attacked Haripuñjaya in 930/931 but failed. [23] 920s–1050s Lower Chao Phraya Valley's political turmoil Narai of Lavo claimed the throne and moved the Lavo seat to "Mueang Wat Derm" then renamed the city "Ayodhya" Angkorin king, Suryavarman I, destroyed Lavo's Lavapura in 1002. Sri Lakshmi Pativarman (ศรีลักษมีปติวรมัน) r. 1006–1052? (Appointed by Suryavarman I) Suphannabhum [24] and Haripuñjaya [22] : 532  seized Lavo in 1052 Rambandit (รามบัณฑิตย์) [18] : 59–60  r. 40 yrs Internal political turmoil Pagan dynasty Unknown origin Haripuñjaya? Thamikaraj [22] : 191  (อาทิตตะราช/อาทิตยธรรมิกราช) King of Haripuñjaya Aong In (องค์อินทร์) [18] : 60  r. 1128?–1163? Anawrahta King of Pagan r.1044-1077 Agga Mahethi (แก้วประพาฬ) [25] 1015-1080 Singhanavati dynasty [9] : 46–84  Patima Sudhaduangchan (ปฏิมาสุดาดวงจันทร์) [26] Chadachota (จันทรโชติ) [25] r.1052-1069 1058 Pagan invasion of Lavo and lower Chao Phraya basin [26] Saw Lu King of Pagan r. 1077-1084 Pangkharaj  [ th ] King of Singhanavati r. 915–? 1087 Pagan invasion of Lavo and lower Chao Phraya basin [26] Lavo's capital was shifted to Ayodhaya Narai [26] (นารายณ์) r.1082–1087 (No heir) Supojarat (สุพจราช) [18] : 17–19  King of Si Satchanalai Several generations Dhukkhita  [ th ] King of Singhanavati Kaewsupha (แก้วสุภา) Princess of Wiang Chai Narai Sridham Tripiṭaka (Phrom) ศรีธรรมไตรปิฏก [18] : 17–19  King of Chiang Saen Pathumdevi (ปทุมเทวี) [18] : 17–19  Unknown King of Si Satchanalai Katae (กาแต) r. 1163–1203 Fall of Singhanavati Chaiyasiri Ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan and Nacontai r. 1089–1107 1087–1089 Ayodhya's civil wars [27] Chatisakorn (ชาติสาคร) [18] : 21  Ruler of Chiang Rai [18] : 24  Chaisiri (ชัยศิริ) [11] Ruler of Phetchaburi r. 1188–1214 Soi La/U Thong I [11] (พระยาสร้อยหล้า/อู่ทอง) r. 1203–1205 Luang [28] (พระเจ้าหลวง) r. 1089–1111 Kraisornrat (ไกรศรราช) [18] : 21  r. 1106–1115? Also King of Si Satchanalai Suladevi (สุลเทวี) [18] : 23  Princess of Si Satchanalai Phra Ratchadevi (พระราชเทวี) [29] / Dara Ratchathewi (ดาราราชเทวี) [2] : 36  Sai Nam Peung (สายน้ำผึ้ง) [29] r. 1111–1165 Unknown (Mon) No male heir [18] : 64  Dhammikaraja (ธรรมิกราชา) [30] r. 1165–1205 Siri Pracha Ratchathewi (ศิริประชาราชเทวี) [2] : 37  Sri Thammasokkarat (ศรีธรรมโศกราช) r. 1115?–1181 Narupatidnavarman (Later Indravarman II) r. 1181?–1218 (Appointed by Jayavarman VII) Pprappanom Tteleiseri [31] : 166–7  (พนมทะเลศรี) Ruler of Phetchaburi r. 1214–? Unknown [18] : 63–4  [16] Princess of U Thong Uthong II [26] Ex-ruler of Thep Nakhon Chaisiri Ex-king of Uthong r. 1205–1253 Thonglanrach (ท้องลันราช) [18] : 60–61  Ruler of Sukandhakiree (Phetchaburi) [31] : 167  (สุคันธคีรี) r. ?–1289 From Wiang Phang Kham [10] Ai (อ้าย) [26] Ruler of Mueang Nakhon (Ligor?) Yi (ยี่) [26] Ruler of Tanintharyi Sam (สาม) [26] Ruler of Phetchaburi r. early 1300s Probably fled to Nakhon Si Thammarat due to the political pressure from the Angkor 1st Tritrueng  [ th ] King King of Phraek Si Racha (Name unidentified) Revival of Ligor by Phetchaburi Patthasucharat (พัตตาสุจราช) [18] : 65–66  King of Si Satchanalai Chaithat (ชัยทัต) [26] Unknown Princess [26] Chaisena (ชัยเสน) [26] Ayodhya: r. 1253–1289 Sukandhakiree: r. 1289–? Sadieng Thong Princes of Tritrueng  [ th ] [12] Phanomwang [12] Ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat r. 1342–? Boromtrilok (บรมไตรโลก) [18] : 65–66  Dhammatrilokthi (ธรรมไตรโลกฒิ) [26] King of Si Satchanalai Suwanracha (สุวรรณราชา) [26] r. 1289–1301 Potentially "Gan-mu-ding" in the Chinese record in 1295 2nd Tritrueng  [ th ] King Ex-king of Phraek Si Racha r. 1283–1319 [13] Sontra Ruler of Na Tranom U Thong III (พระเจ้าอู่ทอง) r. ?–1335? Thammaraja (ธรรมราชา) [26] r. 1301–1310 Kalaya Devi (กัลยาเทวี) [26] Kuman Ruler of Tathong  [ th ] U Thong IV (พระยาอู่ทอง) r. 1335?–1351 Boromracha (บรมราชา) [26] r. 1310–1344 Sunantha Devi (สุนันทาเทวี) [26] Son Sai (สนไส้/จันทรเทวีศรีรัตนฉายา) [13] Sri Maharacha [14] Ex-ruler of Sa U Lao [15] King of Nakhon Si Thammarat Unknown [16] Princess of U Thong Ramathibodi I (Uthong V) King of Ayodhya (r. 1344–1351) 1st king of Ayutthaya r. 1351–1369 Sukhothai dynasty Sri Thammasokaraj dynasty of Nakhon Si Thammarat Ramesuan 2nd king of Ayutthaya 1st: r. 1369–1370 2nd: 1388–1395 Lavo dynasty of Ayutthaya Maha Thammaracha II King of Sukhothai r. 1368–1399 Daughter of Loe Thai (Sukhothai Kingdom) Pha Ngua [17] 3rd king of Ayutthaya Ex-ruler of Suphannabhum r. 1370–1388 Unknown Princess Phra Ruang dynasty of Sukhothai Suphannabhum dynasty of Ayutthaya

Note

1. Possibly identified as Suryavarman II ^[1]
2. Founder of Sukhothai. However, another source, Legend of Kalawandith, says Sukhothai was founded in 500 by Phraya Pali Rat (พระยาพาลีราช). ^{[4] : 29}
3. Probably Nacontai (นครไทย) in the Simon de la Loubère's record, Du royaume de Siam. ^{[3] [6]}
4. Present-day Phitsanulok
5. Possibly Phetchaburi ^{[2] : 38}
6. During the reign of Uthong, Phetchaburi faced the spread of plague, ^{[2] : 48–49} Uthong and the people evacuated to establish a new settlement in the present-Ayutthaya island, which continues to the formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. ^{[2] : 52–58}
7. Calculated from the text given in the chronicle: "สิ้น 97 ปีสวรรคต ศักราชได้ 336 ปี พระยาโคดมได้ครองราชสมบัติอยู่ ณ วัดเดิม 30 ปี" ^{[18] : 30} which is transcribed as "...at the age of 97, he passed away in the year 336 of the Chula Sakarat. Phraya Kodom reigned in the Mueang Wat Derm for 30 years...".

References

1. Thepthani Administration (Chalerm), Phra. (1965). The Chronicles of the Thai Nation: The Origins of the Nation from Ancient Times. Compiled by Phra Boriya Thepthani, Governor of Pathum Thani, Lop Buri, Trat, and the Governor of Nonthaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces (complete in 2 volumes). Bangkok: Office of S. Thammaphakdi. Page 133.
2. Phraya Pariyattithamthada (1968). Ayutthaya Testimonies (PDF) (in Thai). Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
3. Srisak Vallipodom (19 July 2021). "กำเนิดสุโขทัย รัฐแรกเริ่มของชนชาติไทยในสยามประเทศ" [The origin of Sukhothai, the first state of the Thai people in Siam Pradesh]. muangboranjournal.com (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
4. "ประชุมพงศาวดาร เล่ม 1" (PDF). Suksapanpanit  [ th ] (in Thai). 1963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
5. "กำแพงเพชร : สมัยสุโขทัย" [Kamphaeng Phet: Sukhothai]. Kamphaengphet Rajabhat University  [ th ] (in Thai). 24 February 2020.
6. Kesabua Ubonsawan (2023). "นครไทย-บางยาง กับปริศนาที่ยังคงคลุมเครือ" [Nakhon Thai-Bang Yang and the mystery that remains unclear]. suvarnabhumi.psu.ac.th (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
7. มูลนิธิสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา (2011). นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย (PDF). กรุงเทพฯ: มูลนิธิสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
8. "ประวัติพระพุทธชินราช" [History of Phra Buddha Chinnarat]. aurora.co.th (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
9. Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in Thai). S. Thammasamakkhi. p. 30. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
10. Thepthani 1953, p. 48,84,85.
11. Thepthani 1953, p. 46-48.
12. Thepthani 1953, p. 48.
13. Thepthani 1953, p. 49.
14. Thepthani 1953, p. 50.
15. Thepthani 1953, p. 53.
16. Thepthani 1953, p. 52.
17. Thepthani 1953, p. 55.
18. Northern Chronicle
19. "ใคร?เจ้าชายรามราช" [Who? Prince Ramaraj]. Thai Rath (in Thai). 19 September 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
20. Thepthani 1953, p. 31, 67.
21. Thepthani 1953, p. 67.
22. "Yonok Chronicle" (PDF) (in Thai). 1936. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
23. เพ็ญสุภา สุขคตะ (12 September 2019). "ปริศนาโบราณคดี : 'สงครามสามนคร' (จบ) : การปรากฏนามของพระเจ้ากัมโพชแห่งกรุงละโว้?" (in Thai). Matichon. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
24. Thepthani 1953, p. 42.
25. Thepthani 1953, p. 78.
26. สุจิตต์ วงษ์เทศ (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์". www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
27. Thepthani 1953, p. 101.
28. Thepthani 1953, p. 102.
29. Thepthani 1953, p. 103–4.
30. Thepthani 1953, p. 105.
31. Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1952). "Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times" (in Thai). Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.