Jayavarman VII (Patumsuriyawong) lineage [1] : 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From Chawa (ชวา, Luang Prabang) or Nam Ou basin. [2] | Suriya Racha (สุริยราชา) [1] : 11 King of Pichit Prakan | Sirisutha Ratchathewi (สิริสุธาราชเทวี) [1] : 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Si Nao Nam Thum [a] Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [2] King of Sukhothai–Chaliang r. 1157/58–1181/82 | Suriya Thewi (สุริยาเทวี) [1] : 11 | Chantha Racha [a] (จันทราชา) [1] : 11 Former K. of Phichit Prakan King of Sukhothai–Chaliang r. 1208–1238 [4] | Nang Nak (นางนาค) [1] : 12–13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sukhon Thewi (สุขรมหาเทวี) Princess of Yaśodharapura | Pha Mueang Ruler of Mueang Rat [b] Late 12th–mid 13th centuries | Sueang [6] : 19 | Phra Ruang I [1] : 24–28 (Si Inthrathit) [4] K. of Sukhothai–Sawankhalok 1188–1270 r. 1238–1270 | Rebuild Sawankhalok [1] : 17 / Phra Ruang Dynasty establishment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khamhaeng Phra Ram Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [c] | First king of Si Nao Nam Thum dynasty | Some scholars speculate he's from upper Nan River Valley [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Si Sattha Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae [c] 1315–? | Ban Mueang King of Sukhothai –Sawankhalok ?–1271 r. 1270–1271 | Ram Khamhaeng King of Sukhothai– Sawankhalok [1] : 24–28 1237/47–1298 r. 1279–1298 | Si Chanthra (ศรีจันทรา) [1] : 17 | Unknown (Commoner from Donwun) [1] : 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unknown (Princess) | Unknown (Princess) | Ngua Nam Thum King of Sukhothai ?–1347/48 r. 1323/24–1347/48 | Loe Thai King of Sukhothai [1] : 29 r. 1298–1323 | May Hnin Thwe-Da (สุวรรณเทวี) [1] : 17 ~1250s–? | Wareru K. of Hanthawaddy 1253–1307 r. 1287–1307 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After the reign of Ram Khamhaeng, the seat of Sawankhalok was vacant for 50 years [1] : 29 | Hkun Law K. of Hanthawaddy r.1307–1311 | Hnin U Yaing c. 1260s–1319 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sumontha Thewi (สุมณฑาเทวี) [1] : 29 | Lithai Ex-ruler of Sawankhalok [1] : 29 (r.1340–1362/63) [6] : 31 King of Sukhothai r. 1347–1368 | Continue to the Wareru Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khottrabong (โคตรบอง) Ruler of Sawankhalok [1] : 32, 35 r. 1368–1429 | Appointed ruler (Independent) | After the reign of Lithai, Sukhothai became a vassal of Ayutthaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saeng Hang (แสงหัง) Ruler of Sawankhalok [1] : 35 r. 1429–? | Usurper (Independent) | Continue to the Phra Ruang Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From Mueang Chiang Saen [7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sai Nam Phueng (สายน้ำผึ้ง) [1] : 35–36 Ruler of Sawankhalok r. 1106–1111 Later King of Lavo's Ayodhya r. 1111–1165 | Dara Ratchathewi (ดาราราชเทวี) [1] : 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Siri Pracha Ratchathewi (ศิริประชาราชเทวี) [1] : 37 | Suthamma Racha (สุธรรมราชา/ศรีธรรมไตรปิฏก) Ruler of Phitsanulok [1] : 36–37 r. ?–1115 Later king of Lavo's Lavapura r. 1115–1181 | Jayavarman VII (Pathum Suriyawong) lineage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Re)founded Phitsanulok | Unknown (Pathum Suriyawong lineage) [1] : 37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inthawadi Thewi (อินทวดีเทวี) [1] : 38 | Phitsanu Racha (พิษณุราชา) [1] : 37–38 Ruler of Phitsanulok | Sirikanya Ratchathewi (ศิริกัญญาราชเทวี) [1] : 38 | Phichai Racha (พิชัยราชา) [1] : 38 Ruler of Phichai Buri [d] | Founder of Phichai Buri [d] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Founder of Phichit | Suchawadi Thewi (สุชาวดีเทวี) [1] : 39 | Si Sing (ศรีสิงห์) [1] : 38–39 Ruler of Phichai Buri [d] | Suwanna Bappata (สุวรรณบัพพตา) [1] : 39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chetthakuman (เชษฐกุมาร) | Chantha Thewi (จันทาเทวี) [1] : 40 | Surintharacha (สุรินทราชา) [1] : 40–42 Ruler of Chai Nat | Suriyawongsa (สุริยวงศา) [1] : 42 Ruler of Chai Nat | Pathumwadi (ปทุมวดี) [1] : 42 | Anurat (อนุราช) Ex-ruler of Chai Nat Ruler of Sing Buri | In Sucha Thewi (อินสุชาเทวี) [1] : 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Founder of Chai Nat | Intharacha (อินทราชา) [1] : 44–45 Ruler of Sing Buri | Rebuild Singburi and enthroned as a new ruler [1] : 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ramesuan (ราเมศวร) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Borommaracha (บรมราชา) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maha Chakkrawat (มหาจักรวรรดิ) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phothisan (โพธิสาร) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unknown origin [1] : 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ekracha [1] : 45 (เอกราชา) Ruler of Sing Buri | Boromtilok (บรมติโลก) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Siri Phupa Racha (ศิริภูปราชา) [1] : 45 Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mani Mala [1] : 46 (มณีมาลา) | Intharacha [1] : 46 Ex-ruler of Sing Buri Ruler of Phetchaburi | Uthong Ruler of Sing Buri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phummawadi Thewi [1] : 47 (ภุมมาวดีเทวี) | Uthong [e] [1] : 47 Ex-ruler of Phetchaburi 1st Ayutthaya's king | Rebuild Phetchaburi and enthroned as a new ruler. [1] : 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continue to the Lavo (Uthong) dynasty of Ayutthaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singhanavati dynasty [8] : 46–84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phangkharat King of Singhanavati | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thukkhita King of Singhanavati | Phrom Ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kaeo-supha (แก้วสุภา) | Chaiyasiri Ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan and Nacontai | Origin remains uncleared, possibly from the Angkor, Mun River Valley, Lavo, South India, or south of the Kra Isthmus. | From Wiang Phang Kham of Singhanavati [9] | Kraison Rat (ไกรศรราช) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Soi La/U Thong I [10] (พระยาสร้อยหล้า/อู่ทอง) | Chaisiri or Chaiyasiri? (ชัยศิริ) Ruler of Phetchaburi | Pprappanom Tteleiseri [10] Ruler of Phetchaburi r.1188–? | 1st Tritrueng King King of Phraek Si Racha (Name unidentified) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U Thong II (พระเจ้าอู่ทอง) | Phanom Wang [11] Ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat | Sadiang Thong Princes of Tritrueng [11] | 2nd Tritrueng King King of Phraek Si Racha Later Lavo King [12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U Thong III (พระยาอู่ทอง) | Sontra Ruler of Na Tranom | Kuman Ruler of Tathong | Sri Maharacha [13] Ruler of Sa U Lao [14] Later K. of Thep Nakhon Chaisiri | Son Sai (สนไส้/จันทรเทวีศรีรัตนฉายา) [12] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unknown [15] Princes of U Thong | Ramracha (Uthong?) 1st king of Ayutthaya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ramesuan 2nd king of Ayutthaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lavo dynasty of Ayutthaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Daughter of Loe Thai (Sukhothai Kingdom) | Pho Ngua [16] 3rd king of Ayutthaya Ex-ruler of Suphannabhum | Unknown Princess | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Suphannabhum dynasty of Ayutthaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Timeline and family tree of Thai monarchs in the lower Chao Phraya Valley from the 10th century to the formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Mon and later Siamese kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. European travellers in the early 16th century called Ayutthaya one of the three great powers of Asia. The Ayutthaya Kingdom is considered to be the precursor of modern Thailand, and its developments are an important part of the history of Thailand.
The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (maṇḍala) in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand. It evolved from a trading hub to a city-state in 1127 and emerged into the kingdom by Si Inthrathit in 1238. Sukhothai existed as an independent polity until 1438 when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya after the death of Borommapan.
Lopburi is a province in the central region of Thailand. The province is divided into 11 administrative districts, and Mueang Lopburi district is the capital. With over 750,000 people, the province is Thailand's 36th largest area and 32nd most populous. There are eight neighboring provinces, Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Saraburi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri, and Nakhon Sawan.
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, or locally and simply Ayutthaya, is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Ang Thong, Lopburi, Saraburi, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Nakhon Pathom and Suphan Buri.
Ramkhamhaeng or Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng Maharat was the third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom from 1279 to 1298, during its most prosperous era.
King Narai the Great or Ramathibodi III was the 27th monarch of Ayutthaya Kingdom, the 4th and last monarch of the Prasat Thong dynasty. He was the king of Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1656 to 1688 and arguably the most famous king of the Prasat Thong dynasty.
Dvaravati was a medieval Mon political principality from the 6th century to the 11th century, located in the region now known as central Thailand, and was speculated to be a succeeding state of Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu (หลังยะสิ่ว). It was described by Chinese pilgrims in the middle of the 7th century as a Buddhist kingdom named To-lo-po-ti situated to the west of Isanapura (Cambodia), to the east of Sri Ksetra (Burma), and adjoined Pan Pan in the South. Its northern border met Chia-lo-she-fo, which was speculated to be either Kalasapura, situated along the coast of the Bay of Bengal somewhere between Tavoy and Rangoon, or Canasapura in modern northeast Thailand. Dvaravati sent the first embassy to the Chinese court around 605–616.
Tambralinga was an Indianised Malay kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula, existing at least from the 2nd to 13th centuries CE. It possibly was under the influence of Srivijaya for some time, but later became independent from it or were generally allies rather than conqueror and vassal. The name had been forgotten until scholars recognized Tambralinga as Nakhon Si Thammarat. In Sanskrit and Prakrit, tām(b)ra means "copper", "copper-coloured" or "red" and linga means "symbol" or "creation", typically representing the divine energy of Shiva.
Chetthathirat or Borommaracha II was the eldest son of King Song Tham and older brother of Athittayawong and Phra Sisin or Phra Phanpi Sisin, all three of the House of Sukhothai. In childhood he was known as Chetthakuman (พระเชษฐากุมาร), meaning 'Chettha the Infant', or simply Chettha.
Known as "Lavo" during most of its history, Lopburi Province is one of the most important cities in the history of Thailand. The city has a long history, dating back into the prehistory period since the Bronze Age of more than 3,500 years ago.
Maha Thammaracha, Maha Thammarachathirat, or Sanphet I, formerly known as Khun Phirenthorathep, was a king of Ayutthaya Kingdom from the Sukhothai dynasty, ruling from 1569 to 1590. As a powerful Sukhothai noble, Phirenthorathep gradually rose to power. After playing many political turns, he was eventually crowned as the King of Siam.
The Lavo Kingdom was a political entity (mandala) on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River in the Upper Chao Phraya valley from the end of Dvaravati civilization, in the 7th century, until 1388. The original center of Lavo civilization was Lavo.
Phitsanulok is a city in Northern Thailand, the capital of Phitsanulok province and the tenth-largest city in Thailand. It is 360 km north of Bangkok and has a population of 281,929 people as of 2021. The city was founded in the 13th century under the name Song Khwae and represents one of the oldest cities in Thailand.
Chaophraya Phitsanulok, personal name Rueang or Boonrueang, was governor of Phitsanulok city with the noble title Chaophraya Surasi Bisanuvadhiraj, from 1732 to 1767. He was governor during the reign of King Borommakot, until the fall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom during the reign of King Ekkathat. In 1768, he proclaimed himself King Rueang of Phitsanulok, and declared Phitsanulok and part of Nakhon Sawan a new independent stat. or Prince Rueang, the King of Siam. His descendants were bestowed the Thai noble surname Rochanakul, a patronymic from Rueang’s family, by King Rama VI.
Mueang Uthong is an archaeological site located in the U Thong district, Suphan Buri province. It was inhabited from around the 10th century BC and became the state society in the third to sixth-century CE. Uthong was one of the largest known city-states that emerged around the plains of central Thailand in the first millennium but became abandoned around 1000 AD due to the endemic and lost in major trading cities status. It was resettled in the Ayutthaya period but was abandoned again after the fall of Ayutthaya in the 1760s.
Suphannabhum or Suvarnabhumi; later known as Suphan Buri was a Siamese city-state, that emerged in the early "Siam proper" which stretched from present-day west central Thailand to the north of the Kra Isthmus, with key historical sites at Uthong, Nakhon Pathom, Suphan Buri, and Ban Don Ta Phet. The kingdom is referred to as Xiān in the Chinese records since 1349, but according to the archaeological evidence, it was speculated to have emerged around the mid-12th century.
Xiān or Siam was a confederation of maritime-oriented port polities along the present Bay of Bangkok, including Ayodhya, Suphannabhum, and Phip Phli, as well as Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor), which became Siam in the late 13th century. Previous studies suggested that Xiān in Chinese dynasty records only referred to Sukhothai, but this presupposition has recently been rebutted.
Chaliang or Sawankhalok, later known as Si Satchanalai, was a political entity in the upper Chao Phraya Valley in central Thailand. It was founded in the late 10th century by uniting four regional chiefdoms and became part of the Dvaravati's Lavo. In 1001, Chaliang was referred to as an independent kingdom Chéng Liáng in the Chinese text Song Shi. The term San-lo (三濼) mentioned in Lingwai Daida in 1178 was plausibly referred to the new Chaliang's center, Sawankhalok.