 |
|---|
 Myanmarportal |
This article lists the prime ministers of Myanmar (also known as Burma) since the Burmese Declaration of Independence in 1948.
| |
|---|
| Myanmarportal |
This article lists the prime ministers of Myanmar (also known as Burma) since the Burmese Declaration of Independence in 1948.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
Union of Burma (1948–1974) | ||||||
| 1 |  | U Nu ဦးနု (1907–1995) | 4 January 1948 | 12 June 1956 ( resigned.) | 8 years, 160 days | Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League |
| 2 |  | Ba Swe ဘဆွေ (1915–1987) | 12 June 1956 | 1 March 1957 | 262 days | Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League |
| (1) | | U Nu ဦးနု (1907–1995) | 1 March 1957 | 29 October 1958 [lower-alpha 1] | 1 year, 242 days | Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League |
| 3 |  | Ne Win နေဝင်း (1911–2002) | 29 October 1958 | 4 April 1960 [lower-alpha 2] | 1 year, 158 days | Military |
| (1) | | U Nu ဦးနု (1907–1995) | 4 April 1960 | 2 March 1962 ( deposed.) | 1 year, 332 days | Union Party |
| (3) | | Ne Win နေဝင်း (1911–2002) | 2 March 1962 | 4 March 1974 | 12 years, 2 days | Military / Burma Socialist Programme Party |
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974–1988) | ||||||
| 4 | | Sein Win စိန်ဝင်း (1919–1993) | 4 March 1974 | 29 March 1977 [lower-alpha 3] | 3 years, 25 days | Burma Socialist Programme Party |
| 5 | | Maung Maung Kha မောင်မောင်ခ (1920–1995) | 29 March 1977 | 26 July 1988 ( resigned.) | 11 years, 119 days | Burma Socialist Programme Party |
| 6 | | Tun Tin ထွန်းတင် (1920–2020) | 26 July 1988 | 18 September 1988 ( deposed.) | 54 days | Burma Socialist Programme Party |
Union of Burma / Myanmar (1988–2011) | ||||||
| 7 | | Saw Maung စောမောင် (1928–1997) | 21 September 1988 | 23 April 1992 (deposed.) [lower-alpha 4] | 3 years, 215 days | Military |
| 8 |  | Than Shwe သန်းရွှေ (born 1933) | 23 April 1992 | 25 August 2003 | 11 years, 124 days | Military |
| 9 |  | Khin Nyunt ခင်ညွန့် (born 1939) | 25 August 2003 | 18 October 2004 (deposed.) [3] | 1 year, 54 days | Military |
| 10 |  | Soe Win စိုးဝင်း (1947–2007) | 19 October 2004 | 12 October 2007 (died in office. [4] ) | 2 years, 358 days | Military |
| 11 |  | Thein Sein သိန်းစိန် (born 1944) | 12 October 2007 | 30 March 2011 | 3 years, 169 days | Military (until 29 April 2010 [5] ) |
| Union Solidarity and Development Party (from 8 June 2010 [5] ) | ||||||
Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present) | ||||||
| Position abolished (30 March 2011 – 1 August 2021) | ||||||
| 12 |  | Min Aung Hlaing မင်းအောင်လှိုင် (born 1956) | 1 August 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 34 days | Military |
Ne Win, born Shu Maung, was a Burmese military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981. Ne Win was Burma's military dictator during the Socialist Burma period of 1962 to 1988.
The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council (SAC), the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provisional government is subject to the decision-making of the SAC; additionally, there is significant overlap in the membership of both bodies. There is no provision for a prime minister in the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, with the president being the constitutional head of government. The current prime minister is Min Aung Hlaing, who is also the leader of the junta and the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. The post had been used by previous military governments, as recently as 2011.
Nu, commonly known as U Nu and also by the honorific name Thakin Nu, was a prominent Burmese statesman and the first Prime Minister of Union of Burma. He was educated at Rangoon University, where he developed his political ideas and became actively involved in the student movement. Nu's involvement in the nationalist movement deepened during his university years, and he quickly emerged as a leading figure advocating for Burma's independence from British colonial rule.
Saw Maung was a Burmese army general and statesman who served as Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) in Myanmar and Prime Minister of Burma from 1988 until 1992, when he was deposed by rival generals who disapproved Saw Maung decisions that were in favor of Aung San Suu Kyi. Beside this, he was the 8th Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw. He is the first one to get the rank of Senior General which was created for him in 1990.
The State Peace and Development Council was the official name of the military government of Burma (Myanmar) which, in 1997, succeeded the State Law and Order Restoration Council that had seized power under the rule of Saw Maung in 1988. On 30 March 2011, Senior General and Council Chairman Than Shwe signed a decree that officially dissolved the council.
The University of Yangon, located in Kamayut, Yangon, is the oldest university in Myanmar's modern education system and the best known university in Myanmar. The university offers mainly undergraduate and postgraduate degrees programs in liberal arts, sciences and law. Full-time bachelor's degrees were not offered at the university's main campus after the student protests of 1996. The bachelor's degree was re-offered from 2014 on. Today degrees in Political Science are offered to undergraduate students, as well as postgraduate diplomas in areas such as social work and geology.
Dr Maung Maung was a well-known writer and legal scholar in Myanmar, who served as the seventh president of Burma from 19 August 1988 to 18 September 1988.
The president of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the head of state and constitutional head of government of Myanmar. The president chairs the National Defence and Security Council and normally leads the Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the Burmese government, though the military prime minister leads the cabinet under the current state of emergency. The current president is Myint Swe, who assumed the presidency through a military coup d'état on 1 February 2021. Though a constitutionally powerful position, the presidency is a largely symbolic post under the current military government, with Myint Swe appearing only to rubber-stamp military rule.
Brigadier General Sein Win was a Burmese military officer who fought along with the legendary Thirty Comrades in the struggle for independence from Britain. He later held various positions in the government of Burma from 1962 to 1977 and served as Prime Minister of Burma.
The vice-presidents of Myanmar are the second highest-ranking posts in the government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The offices were established by the 2008 Myanmar constitution and rank directly below the president. The offices came into effect on 30 March 2011, when the new government assumed de jure power and essentially function in the same manner as any other deputy head of state. There are two vice-presidential posts in the government, but no distinction is officially made between them. It can be assumed that the posts follow the order of seniority, much like the ones practised by the Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China.
The Cabinet of Myanmar, officially the Union Government, is the executive body of the government of Myanmar led by the prime minister of Myanmar. The Provisional Government serves as the current cabinet.
The Office of the Auditor General is an independent government body that serves as the auditor of the Government of Myanmar (Burma). The Office of the Auditor General is currently held by Tin Oo.
The Office of the President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is a ministry-level body that serves the President of Myanmar. Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, the position has remained vacant.
The Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services is the supreme commander of the Tatmadaw, the armed forces of Myanmar. Since a state of emergency was declared following the 2021 military coup d'état, the Commander-in-Chief has been the highest authority in the country, with plenary power delegated by the president and the National Defence and Security Council (NDSC). Even in peacetime, however, the Tatmadaw is an independent branch of government under control of the Commander-in-Chief, though certain actions of the Commander-in-Chief require the approval of the NDSC.
Military rule in Myanmar lasted from 1962 to 2011 and resumed in 2021. Myanmar gained its independence from the British Empire in 1948 under the Burma Independence Army, as a democratic nation. The first military rule began in 1958 and direct military rule started when Ne Win captured power through a coup d'état in 1962. Burma became a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party that lasted for 26 years, under the claim to save the country from disintegration. During this period there was some democratic landscape in the form of giving rights to the citizen to elect and to stand for election.
The Chairman of the State Administration Council is the head of Myanmar's ruling military junta, established in the 2021 coup d'état. Min Aung Hlaing is the current holder of the office, and also serves as the Prime Minister of the Provisional Government.
The deputy prime minister of Myanmar is the deputy head of government of Myanmar. The current Deputy Prime Ministers are Vice Senior General Soe Win, General Mya Tun Oo, Admiral Tin Aung San, Win Shein and Than Swe.
The Council of State was the constitutional authority of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. It was exercised as quasi-legislative power and supreme administrative power. This council was formed in accordance with Chapter 5 of the 1974 Constitution. According to the Constitution, the Pyithu Hluttaw, the highest organ of State Power shall elect the council to carry out the decisions and policies of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Chairman of the council shall be the President of the Republic, and the office of the President shall be the same as that of the Council of State. According to the Council of State Law, the President is the head of state, and as head of state, the President represents Myanmar both domestically and internationally.
| Union of Burma (1948–1962) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988) | ||
| Union of Burma / Myanmar (1988–2011) | ||
| Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present) |
| |
| ||
