Rangpur, Bangladesh

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Rangpur
রংপুর
Nickname(s): 
Green City, Education City, City of Colours
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Rangpur
Location in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh
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Rangpur
Location in Bangladesh
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Rangpur
Rangpur (Asia)
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Rangpur
Rangpur (Earth)
Coordinates: 25°44′56″N89°14′49″E / 25.749°N 89.247°E / 25.749; 89.247
Country Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh
Division Rangpur Division
District Rangpur District
Establishment1575(449 years ago) (1575)(During the Mughal Empire) [1]
Municipality1 May 1869
City Corporation28 June 2012
Metropolitan City16 September 2018
Government
  Type Mayor–Council
  Body Rangpur City Corporation
   Deputy Commissioner Mohammad Robiul Foysal
   Police Commissioner Md Saifuzzam Faruqi
Area
  Urban
205 km2 (79 sq mi)
  Metro
239.72 km2 (92.56 sq mi)
  Rank2nd largest City Corporation in Bangladesh
Elevation
34 m (111.549 ft)
Population
 (2022)
  Rank5th in Bangladesh
   Urban
1,031,388
  Urban density3,871/km2 (10,030/sq mi)
   Metro
1,450,128
  Metro density4,167/km2 (10,790/sq mi)
Demonyms
  • Rangpurian (রংপুরিয়ান)
  • Rangpuria/Rongpuria (রংপুরিয়া)
Languages
  Official Bengali   English
  Native Rangpuri
Time zone UTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
5400 [2]
National calling code +088
Calling code 521
Police Rangpur Metropolitan Police
Airport Saidpur Airport
Railway Station Rangpur Railway Station
National Highway
Cricket Team
UN/LOCODE BD RAU
Website rpcc.gov.bd

Rangpur ( /rʌŋˈpʊər/ ; Bengali : রংপুর, romanized: Rongpur; pronounced [rɔŋpuɾ] ), is a metropolitan city and a major city in northern Bangladesh. This city serves as the administrative center of the Rangpur Division. It is strategically located on the banks of the Ghaghot River and near the Teesta River. It is the second largest City Corporation in Bangladesh. [3] The city has developed rapidly in recent years, with improvements in infrastructure and services enhancing its role as a key regional hub. Rangpur has become a key destination for students from other districts and cities seeking quality education. Rangpur City features notable educational institutions. Rangpur has also a vibrant local culture, including traditional festivals and community events. [4] [5]

Contents

Rangpur in letter.jpg

It is said that back in 1575, a trusted general of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, took over Rangpur. But it was not until 1686 that Rangpur was fully integrated into the Mughal Empire. Back on 16 December, 1769, Rangpur was announced as a District Seat (Zila Sadar) and in 1869, it was announced as a municipality, thus making it one of the oldest municipalities in the country. However, Ghoraghat in Rangpur served as the one of the Mughal administrative headquarters till 18th century . [6] The municipal office building was erected in 1892 .

Previously serving as the headquarters of the Greater Rangpur district, The Greater Rangpur district was divided in five districts in 1984. Rangpur underwent administrative restructuring, resulting in the formation of the Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, and Rangpur districts.

History

The Coat of Arms of Maharaja Gopal Lal Roy as depicted on a ground floor French Door window panel of Tajhat Palace. TajhatCoatofArms.jpg
The Coat of Arms of Maharaja Gopal Lal Roy as depicted on a ground floor French Door window panel of Tajhat Palace.

Etymology

It is said that the present name Rangpur came from the former 'Rongpur'. History has it, that English colonial rulers in this region started cultivating Indigo. Due to the fertile soil in this region, Indigo cultivation was very much profitable. The locals knew that Indigo by the name of "Rongo". So thus, this Region was named "Rongopur".And from that, the name of today's Rangpur has originated. It is known from another conventional notion that the name Rangpur comes from the naming of Rangmahal (Palace of Entertainment) of Bhagadatta, son of Narakasura, king of Pragjyotisha Kingdom. [7]

Early history

According to Hindu theology, the eastern kingdom of Kamarupa or Pragjyotisha existed in India, which included the present Rangpur region. During the reign of King Bhagadatta (15th century BC) Rangpur belonged to Pragjyotisha Kingdom. During the reign of King Samudragupta (340 AD) Rangpur was considered a "Tax state" of Kamarupa. [8]

Mughal Period

According to Ain-i-Akbari, the Mughal period Rangpur consisted of three types of administrative areas. Rangpur was conquered by the army of Raja Man Singh, a commander of the Mughal emperor Akbar, in 1575, but it was not until 1686, it was fully integrated into the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was established in the whole of Rangpur in 1611 AD. Place names Mughalbasa ("a locality of the Mughals"), and Mughalhat ("local market") organized by the Mughals bear testimony to the Mughal association and past of Rangpur and its hinterland. Later, Rangpur passed into the control of Sarker of Ghoraghat. [9]

British Period

After the East India Company gained "Deoani" in 1765, Rangpur came under British rule. The Fakir-Sannyasi rebellion took place in the Rangpur region, in which leaders like Fakir Majnu Shah played a key Role. The notable anti-colonialist rebel Devi Chaudhurani and Bhabani Pathak were from this region. [10] In the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the rebellious sepoys spread terror among the British rulers in the region. Later, in 1930, the first Civil disobedience movement was started in different parts of Rangpur on the call of Congress. A meeting of the peasant leaders of North Bengal was held here in October 1946, and the Tebhaga movement began in November. [8]

Pakistani Period and Liberation War

Rangpur was a District of East Pakistan Province during the Pakistani Period. People of Rangpur actively take part in different movements like Bengali language movement, Six point movement and 1969 Mass uprising. The first martyr from Rangpur in the liberation war was Sangku Samajhder, who was martyred on the date of 3 March 1971. Rangpur people started the Liberation War decisively on 28 March 1971, only three days after the Pakistani crackdown by attacking the Rangpur Cantonment. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Rangpur was under Sector 6 of the Bangladesh Forces and it was strategically important due to its close proximity to border of India. [11] [12]

Post-Independence Period

The Greater Rangpur district was divided in five districts in 1984. On 28 June 2012, Rangpur Municipality was upgraded to Rangpur City Corporation and on 16 September 2018, Rangpur was granted as 8th Metropolitan city of Bangladesh. [13] [14]

Geography

Rangpur City is the divisional headquarters of Rangpur Division. The soil composition is mainly alluvial soil (80 percent) of the Teesta River basin, and the remaining is barind soil. The elevation of Rangpur is 34 meters. [15] The temperature ranges from 32 degrees Celsius to 11 degrees Celsius, and the annual rainfall averages 2931 mm. Rangpur town, covering an area of around 42 square kilometers, lies on the bank of the Ghaghat river and was turned into a municipality back in 1869.

Climate

Rangpur has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), also in Trewartha climate classification (subtropical summer wet Cw). The 4 seasons of Rangpur generally characterize as a Summer or pre-monsoon season with high Temperature and frequent intense thunderstorms named Nor'westers (March–May), an intense and very wet Monsoon season with substantial flooding in low lying areas (June–September), short and cooler Autumn season (October–November) and lastly, the more pleasant, mild and drier Winter season from (December–February) with warm afternoons and cool mornings, with some cold nights. The average annual temperature in Rangpur is 24.9 °C (76.8 °F). In Winters, it can be very foggy and nighttime temperature can fall below 5 °C (41.0 °F) whereas, day time temperature remains around 20 °C (68.0 °F). About 2,192 mm (86.30 in) of precipitation falls annually, almost all of them falls in the monsoon season (June to September), Although, there is very little rain from November to March, but small amount of Precipitation can be seen due to Western Disturbance coming from the Mediterranean Sea. Snow and frost have been recorded in Rangpur, though very rarely.

MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)29.4
(84.9)
34.4
(93.9)
43.3
(109.9)
42.5
(108.5)
41.2
(106.2)
38.2
(100.8)
38.4
(101.1)
39.8
(103.6)
38.0
(100.4)
37.2
(99.0)
33.4
(92.1)
30.6
(87.1)
43.3
(109.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)22.8
(73.0)
26.4
(79.5)
30.3
(86.5)
31.5
(88.7)
31.9
(89.4)
32.1
(89.8)
32.1
(89.8)
32.5
(90.5)
31.9
(89.4)
31.0
(87.8)
28.7
(83.7)
25.0
(77.0)
29.7
(85.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)16.1
(61.0)
19.5
(67.1)
23.7
(74.7)
26.2
(79.2)
27.5
(81.5)
28.5
(83.3)
28.9
(84.0)
29.1
(84.4)
28.3
(82.9)
26.5
(79.7)
22.5
(72.5)
18.3
(64.9)
24.6
(76.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)10.9
(51.6)
13.7
(56.7)
17.6
(63.7)
21.3
(70.3)
23.4
(74.1)
25.3
(77.5)
26.2
(79.2)
26.3
(79.3)
25.5
(77.9)
22.9
(73.2)
17.7
(63.9)
13.3
(55.9)
20.3
(68.5)
Record low °C (°F)3.5
(38.3)
3.7
(38.7)
8.6
(47.5)
14.7
(58.5)
16.4
(61.5)
19.4
(66.9)
21.1
(70.0)
20.7
(69.3)
19.1
(66.4)
14.2
(57.6)
10.1
(50.2)
5.2
(41.4)
3.5
(38.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)9
(0.4)
10
(0.4)
27
(1.1)
121
(4.8)
277
(10.9)
426
(16.8)
416
(16.4)
343
(13.5)
382
(15.0)
171
(6.7)
6
(0.2)
4
(0.2)
2,192
(86.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)12381519191715711108
Average relative humidity (%)82756874818586858784808181
Mean monthly sunshine hours 184.6206.9239.3210.0199.4150.2154.9172.0165.5227.8236.6214.82,362
Source 1: NOAA [16]
Source 2: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (humidity 1981-2010) [17]

Government

The Rangpur City Corporation (RCC) is responsible for governing municipal areas in the Rangpur Metropolitan Area. It was established in 28 June 2012. Rangpur City Corporation's total area is 205.70 square kilometers with approximately has the population of 7,96,556 people in the city corporation area. [18] It is headed by the mayor of Rangpur. The mayor and ward councillors are elected every five years. The mayor's office has jurisdiction over all 33 wards of Rangpur City. Its principal sources of revenue are municipal taxes and conservancy charges.

Military

Rangpur is the headquarters of 66th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army.

Economy

Bangladesh Bank Rangpur office Bangladesh Bank Bhaban, Rangpur (02).jpg
Bangladesh Bank Rangpur office

The city is the commercial hub. Its center has several government offices and private banks, insurance companies, residential hotels, and international restaurants, such as Chinese, Thai, Indian, Mexican, convenience food, and gift shops. It is one of the most important economic zones in Bangladesh because of its global positioning. Rangpur is one of the major tobacco producing region in Bangladesh. [19] The northern suburbs of Rangpur homes to tobacco companies like British American Tobacco, Akij Group, Abul Khair Group.

Demographics

Rangpur Medical College Rangpur Medical college.jpg
Rangpur Medical College
Historical population
YearPop.±%
195034,000    
196044,000+29.4%
197068,000+54.5%
1980134,000+97.1%
1991191,398+42.8%
2001241,310+26.1%
2011300,659+24.6%
2022708,534+135.7%
Source: popstat,pre-1991,citypopulation.de after 1991,2022 census
Religions in Rangpur (2011) [20]
ReligionPercent
Islam
92.66%
Hinduism
7.19%
Other or not stated
0.15%

According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Rangpur city had a population of 708,534 and a literacy rate of 80.94%. [21] :388–394

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Rangpur city had 64,885 households and a population of 300,659. 51,791 (17.23%) were under 10 years of age. Rangpur had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 72.08%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 926 females per 1000 males. [20]

Education

Campus Rear Of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur Campus Rear Of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur.jpg
Campus Rear Of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur

Major educational institutes in the city including:

Universities

Medical and dental colleges

Schools

Colleges

Carmichael College Carmichael College 13.JPG
Carmichael College
Academic Building of Rangpur Cadet College APC-4.jpg
Academic Building of Rangpur Cadet College

English medium schools

  • The Millennium Stars School & College
  • International Grammar School
  • BIAM Laboratory School
  • Shahan International School
  • Nalanda International School

Polytechnic institutes

Affiliated colleges

  • International Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Rangpur

Neighbourhoods

Wards of Rangpur City Corporation Map Rangpur City-1.png
Wards of Rangpur City Corporation

Rangpur City Corporation is divided into 33 wards and different neighbourhoods (Mahallah), which can be categorized as Urban and Suburban.

Transport

Road

A BRTC double-decker bus of the City bus service in Rangpur. BRTC-1.jpg
A BRTC double-decker bus of the City bus service in Rangpur.

Rangpur is well connected by highways to Chittagong and Dhaka, as well as other parts of Rangpur. It takes about 6 to 7 hours by road to reach the capital Dhaka by National Highway 5. Bus services to other major districts are also available from Rangpur. Highway links to India have been established through the Asian Highway 2. Rangpur also has a BRTC Double Decker bus service, [23] which connects the suburbs of the city to city center.

Railway

The Rangpur Railway Station is the main railway station providing trains on national routes operated by the state-run Bangladesh Railway. The Rangpur Express [24] is a Bangladeshi Intercity train which runs between Rangpur and Dhaka. Other trains running between Rangpur and Dhaka are, Kurigram Express and Lalmoni Express.

Air

Saidpur Airport, Rangpur Saidpurairport-renovated.jpg
Saidpur Airport, Rangpur

The city of Rangpur is served by Saidpur Airport, located at the north of the city. Saidpur airport is a domestic airport. Saidpur Airport is connected through several private airlines such as Novoair, US-Bangla Airlines, Air Astra & Biman Bangladesh Airlines, a government airline with main hub in the capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka. A massive renovation work is going on at Saidpur Airport ahead of its planning to become the new International Airport for Northern Bangladesh region.

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Rangpur, Bangladesh, while field hockey, basketball, baseball, and tennis are also popular. [25]

The most popular sport in Rangpur is cricket, although football is also popular. There is a 10,000-capacity Rangpur Stadium is used for football and other sports. Another local stadium is Cricket Garden, [26] which is mainly used for cricket. There are also a few sports training academies in the city. In domestic Twenty20 cricket, Rangpur has a Bangladesh Premier League franchise known as Rangpur Riders. In December 2012, I Sports bought the Rangpur franchise for $1.01 m. Notable players from Rangpur who have played for the national team include Nasir Hossain, [27] Suhrawadi Shuvo. [28]

Notable people


Presidents of Bangladesh

Chief Justices of Bangladesh

Speakers of Parliament

Chief Ministers

Civil servants

Freedom fighters in The Liberation War

Performing and fine arts

Officers of Bangladesh Armed Forces

Politicians

Poet, writers and journalists

British revolutionaries

Reformers and activists

Scholars and scientists

Sports

Shapla Chattar 2.jpg
Shapla Chottor
ZPBuildingRangpur.jpg
Zilla Porishod Building
BangladeshBank-mor-Highway-RangpurCity.jpg
Highway, beside Bangladesh Bank
Parzatan motel.jpg
Parjatan Hotel
Terminal Mosque (Masjid).jpg
Terminal Mosque (Masjid)
Rangpur Modern More.jpg
Rangpur Modern
Begum Rokeya statue.jpg
Begum Rokeya Memorial Centre
Jadu Nibash IMG 0041.JPG
Jadu Nibash - an ancient house
Ekattorer Boddho Bhumi.jpg
Ekattorer Boddho Bhumi - Memorial of Town Hall Massacre during 1971
Campus of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur.jpg
Begum Rokeya University at night
rNpurer taajhaatt jmidaar baadd'i.jpg
Tajhat Palace




Twin towns and sister cities

Rangpur's twin towns and sister cities are:

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  33. Sister cities of Rangpur City — sistercity.info [网址](http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Rangpur%20City.html)
  34. Sister cities of Rangpur City — sistercity.info [网址](http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Rangpur%20City.html)
  35. Sister cities of Rangpur City — sistercity.info [网址](http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Rangpur%20City.html)