Koda language

Last updated

Koda
Native to India, Bangladesh
Ethnicity2.5 lakh Kora
Native speakers
47,268 (2011 census) [1]
Austroasiatic
  • Munda
    • North
      • Kherwarian
        • Mundaric
          • Koda
Language codes
ISO 639-3 cdz
Glottolog koda1236
ELP Koda

Koda, also known as Kora, Kaora, Korali, Korati, Kore, Mudi, or Mudikora, [2] is an endangered Munda language of India and Bangladesh spoken by the Kora. The Kora mainly live in West Bengal, in the districts of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura, with a few in neighbouring Odisha and Jharkhand. In 2005, there were 1,300 speakers in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh, though many said that Bengali was their best language. Koda is closely related to the Kol language.

Contents

Kim et al. (2010) [3] considers Koda and Kol to be Mundari cluster languages. Koda-speaking villages include Kundang and Krishnupur in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh, while Kol villages include Babudaing village.

Koda verbs are inflected for tense-aspect-mood and person, number, finite/infinite, subject/object, possessor, animacy and transitivity. In recent times Koda is code-mixing with Bangla: including vocabulary replacement and greater adoption of Bengali syntax. These processes are seen more in younger speakers. [4]

Shamim (2021) [5] presents a description of the phonology and morphology of Koda. It also presents a study of Koda in the context of language contact.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants [6]
Bilabial Dental/
Alveolar
Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voicelessunaspirated p ʈ c k ʔ
aspirated( )( t̪ʰ )( ʈʰ )( )( )
voicedunaspirated b ɖ ɟ g
aspirated( )( d̪ʱ )( ɖʱ )( ɟʱ )( )
Fricative ʃ h
Nasal m n ŋ
Tap ɾ
Approximant l

Vowels

Vowels [8]
Front Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ɔ
Open ɑ

Notes

  1. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  2. Simons, Gary F; Fennig, Charles D, eds. (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (21st ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
  3. Kim, Seung; Kim, Amy; Ahmad, Sayed; Sangma, Mridul (April 2010). The Santali Cluster in Bangladesh: A Sociolinguistic Survey (PDF) (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Report. Vol. 2010–006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  4. Lahiri, Bornini (2020). "Effect of Bangla on Koda verbs". Queries in Structure of Language. Central Institute of Indian Languages & Linguistic Society of India. pp. 131–137. ISBN   9788194649977. OCLC   1419790634.
  5. Shamim 2021.
  6. Shamim 2021, p. 52.
  7. Shamim 2021, p. 55.
  8. Shamim 2021, p. 46.
  9. Shamim 2021, p. 22.
  10. Shamim 2021, p. 50.
  11. 1 2 Shamim 2021, p. 47.

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