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The Bahnaric languages are a group of about thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700,000 people in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Paul Sidwell notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Bahnaric and Katuic languages the closer they are geographically, independently of which branch of the family they belong to, but that Bahnaric and Katuic do not have any shared innovations that would suggest that together they form a branch of the Austroasiatic family, rather forming separate branches.
The Khmuic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic languages spoken mostly in northern Laos, as well as in neighboring northern Vietnam and southern Yunnan, China. Khmu is the only language in the group that has many speakers.
Phong also known as Kniang is an Austroasiatic language of the Mon–Khmer family, spoken in Laos. Its nearest relatives are the fellow Xinh Mul tongues, the Khang language and Puoc language, both spoken in Vietnam. The number of speakers of Phong-Kniang is estimated at 30,700.
Alak is a language spoken by some 4,000 people in southern Laos, especially in the Provinces of Salavan and Sekong. It is closely related to the language spoken by the Bahnars of Vietnam. It includes two dialects, Alak proper and Harak.
Bruu is a Mon–Khmer dialect continuum spoken by the Bru people of mainland Southeast Asia.
Oi is an Austroasiatic dialect cluster of Attapeu Province, southern Laos. The dominant variety is Oy proper, with 11,000 speakers who are 80% monolinguals. The Jeng (Cheng) speak the same language but are ethnically distinct. Speakers follow traditional religions.
The Birhor language is a highly endangered Munda language spoken by the Birhor people in Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states in India.
Jakun is an Austronesian language, perhaps a dialect of Malay, spoken in Malaysia. Specifically it is spoken on the east coast and inland of Peninsular Malaysia, around the Pairang River, from Pekan in Pahang to Sri Gading, east to Benut, northwest to middle Muar River area around the districts of Segamat, Muar and Ledang in Johor. It is also known as Djakun, Jakoon, Jaku’d, Jakud’n or Orang Hulu.
Blang (Pulang) is the language of the Blang people of Burma and China. Samtao of Burma is a dialect.
Batek is an Aslian language of Malaysia, spoken by the Batek people. The Dèq and Nong dialects may be separate languages. The number of speakers is small and decreasing.
Menriq, Mendriq or Minriq is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaysia.
Kintaq, or Kentaq Bong, is an Austroasiatic language spoken in Malaysia and Thailand. It belongs to the Northern Aslian sub-branch of the Aslian languages. The small number of speakers is decreasing.
Semaq Beri is an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Malay Peninsula in the states of Pahang and Terengganu. It belongs to the Southern division of the Aslian languages, along with Semelai, Temoq, and Mah Meri. A preliminary description of the Semaq Beri language by Nicole Kruspe was published in 2014.
Semnam is an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya.
Ksingmul is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.
Kháng, also known as Mang U’, is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam. It is closely related to the Bumang language of southern Yunnan, China.
Nyaheun is a Mon–Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in southern Laos. Chazée (1999:95) estimates the population at 4,200, while the 1995 Laotian census places the Nyaheun population at 5,152. According to Ethnologue, the language is "vigorous," which means it is spoken by people of all ages in its home community. The same source says the 2015 census puts the population at 9,000 https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nev
Kiorr is a Palaungic language of Luang Namtha Province, Laos.
Oʼdu, or Iduh, is a Mon–Khmer language of Vietnam and Laos. Once spoken by about 300 people in Tương Dương district, Nghệ An province, Vietnam, it is now considered to be almost extinct.
Mal, also known as Thin, is a Mon–Khmer language of Laos and Thailand. It is one of several closely related languages which go by the names Thin or Prai.
References
- ↑ Talieng at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Trieng at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Tareng at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Trieng". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- ↑ SEALang SALA: Southeast Asian Linguistics Archives