Turi language

Turi
Turi
तुरी
Native to	India
Region	Jharkhand
Ethnicity	Turi
Native speakers	2,000 (2007)
Language family	Austroasiatic Munda North Kherwarian Mundaric Turi; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	trd
Glottolog	turi1246
ELP	Turi
	Turi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Last updated February 14, 2025

Turi is an endangered Austroasiatic language of India that belongs to the Kherwarian Munda group.^[3] Grierson (1906) described that Turi is similar to both Mundari and Santali. It is spoken by only half a percent of ethnic Turi, the rest having shifted to Sadri in Jharkhand, Mundari in West Bengal, and Odia in Odisha. The Turi are classified as a Scheduled Caste in Jharkhand.^[4]

Distribution

Osada (1991) lists the following locations where Turi is spoken.^[5]

Jharkhand (pop. 133,137 as of 1981; then part of Bihar)
Chhattisgarh
- Raigarh district
West Bengal (pop. 26,443 as of 1981)
Odisha (pop. 7,374 as of 1981)

Morphology

Verbal agreement

Like all Kherwarian languages, double- and triple markings are possible in Turi.

		singular	dual	plural
1st person	exclusive	=ɛŋ/=ɲ(iɲ)	=liɲ	=lɛ
1st person	inclusive	=ɛŋ/=ɲ(iɲ)	=laŋ	=pu
2nd person		=m	=bin	=pɛ
3rd person		=i (object)/ =ɛ (subject)	=kin	=ku

Tense, mood, aspect/aktionsart

	Middle	Active
Present	-tan	-ɛtan
Future	-ɔʔ/-ɔ/-ʔ/-Ø	-Ø
Past	-ɛn/-kɛn/-ɔn/-ɔʔ-ɛn	-ɛkɛn – Past imperfective -tad – Simple past
Present perfect	-akan	(-akad)
Past perfect	-lɛn	-lɛʔ/-laʔ

References

↑ Turi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.
↑ Peterson, John M.; Minz, Abhay Sagar; Linda, Prabhat; Khan, Aribay; Kachhap, Francis Xavier; Gari, Manish (2024). "A Brief Introduction to the Turi Language of Eastern India". Bhasha. 3 (2): 263–304. doi:10.30687/bhasha/2785-5953/2024/02/005.
↑ "Census of India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
↑ Ramu, G.N. (1 January 1991). "Changing Family Structure and Fertility Patterns: An Indian Case". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 26 (3–4): 189–206. doi:10.1177/002190969102600302. ISSN 0021-9096. S2CID 220926406.

Konow, Sten. 1906. Tūrī. In Grierson, George A. (ed.), Muṇḍā and Dravidian Languages, 128–134. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
Osada, Toshiki. 1991. Father Ponette's Field Note on Turi with a Comparative Vocabulary. Journal of Asian and African Studies 42. 175–189.

This Austroasiatic language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This article about the culture of India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[e18-1] Turi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.

[3] Peterson, John M.; Minz, Abhay Sagar; Linda, Prabhat; Khan, Aribay; Kachhap, Francis Xavier; Gari, Manish (2024). "A Brief Introduction to the Turi Language of Eastern India". Bhasha. 3 (2): 263–304. doi:10.30687/bhasha/2785-5953/2024/02/005.

[4] "Census of India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 July 2018.

[5] Ramu, G.N. (1 January 1991). "Changing Family Structure and Fertility Patterns: An Indian Case". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 26 (3–4): 189–206. doi:10.1177/002190969102600302. ISSN 0021-9096. S2CID 220926406.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]