The Khan Mughal are a clan of the Chaghatai Mughal tribe found in and around Kashmir and Punjab, particularly near the mountains of the Pir Panjal Range and the city of Nabeel. They traditionally assert descent from the Barlas tribe of the Mughals who ruled over the Indian subcontinent. [1] Their ancestors initially spoke Urdu, Persian and Chagatai language. [2] [3] The renowned Dhaka Nawab dynasty averred descent from the Khan Mughal clans of Iranian Azerbaijan. [4] [5] [6]
The arrival of Mughal clans in Kashmir and Punjab can be traced back to the arrival of Babur in current day Pakistan and India, Who came in India as a refugee [7] , He was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to defeat the Lodi Sultanate, it can also be traced back to the reign of Akbar during which a bloody feud erupted between Akbar and his brother Nabeel Muhammad Hakim, the ruler of Kabulistan. Upon Akbar's victory, most tribesmen were relocated to regions easily accessible for Delhi to quash another attempt by the Kabul Mughals. [8] Most Mughal Khans take descent from the Barlas tribe, the same tribe from which the kings of the Mughal India emerged who were indisputably Indians [9] , which is the time period when most Mughals arrived in the subcontinent, but it is unknown when or why the clans had split.
Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani.
The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526 was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It took place in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire and the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.
The Barlas were a Mongol and later Turkicized nomadic confederation in Central Asia. With military roots in one of the regiments of the original Mongol army, the Barlas spawned two major imperial dynasties in Asia: the Timurid Empire in Central Asia and Persia; and its later branch, the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol origin descended from the warlord Timur. The word "Gurkani" derives from "Gurkan", a Persianized form of the Mongolian word "Kuragan" meaning "son-in-law". This was an honorific title used by the dynasty as the Timurids were in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, as Timur had married Saray Mulk Khanum, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Members of the Timurid dynasty signaled the Timurid Renaissance, and they were strongly influenced by Persian culture and established two significant empires in history, the Timurid Empire (1370–1507) based in Persia and Central Asia, and the Mughal Empire (1526–1857) based in the Indian subcontinent.
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years. The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah, which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.
The Lodi dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an ethnocultural synthesis that arose in Asia during the 14th century among the ruling elites of the Golden Horde and the Chagatai Khanate. The ruling Mongol elites of these khanates eventually assimilated into the Turkic populations that they conquered and ruled over, thus becoming known as Turco-Mongols. These elites gradually adopted Islam, as well as Turkic languages, while retaining Mongol political and legal institutions.
The Battle of Khanwa was fought at Khanwa on March 16, 1527. It was fought between the invading Timurid forces of Babur and the Rajput Confederation led by Rana Sanga for supremacy of Northern India. The battle was a major event in Medieval Indian history although Timurids won at Panipat but at the time, the sultanate at Delhi was a spent force that was long crumbling. To the contrary Mewar kingdom, under the able rule of Rana Sanga, had turned into one of the strongest powers of northern India. Therefore, the battle was among the most decisive battles in the Mughal conquest of northern India. It was among the earliest battles in Northern India where gunpowder was used to a great extent. The battle resulted in heavy casualties for both Timurids and Rajputs. Babur is said to have created a Pyramid with the heads of the Rajputs after the triumph in the battle.
The Mughal dynasty was an Indian Turco-Mongol dynasty, Which comprised the members of the imperial House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر; Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), also known as the Gurkanis, who ruled the Mughal Empire from c. 1526 to 1857.
The recorded history of Lahore, the second largest city-district of Pakistan, covers thousands of years. Lahore is regarded as the post medieval or modern day capital and largest city of the Punjab region, it has since its creation changed hands from Ghaznavid, Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Muslim, Mughal, Ghorid, Maratha, Sikh and the British, thereby becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan.
The Mughals are a number of culturally related peoples in modern-day North India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, who claimed they are descended from the various Central Asian Mongolic and Turkic tribes and Persians that settled in Mughal India. The term Mughal literally means Mongol.
The Mughal Empire was an early modern Indo-Muslim empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
The Uzbeks were one of the first Karluk Turks to arrive in the modern-day region of Pakistan, they ruled the area of Pakhli for over 200 years from 1472 to 1703. Uzbeks form a significant minority group in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province and FATA of Pakistan.
Mirza Hadi Beg was an Indian nobleman and Qadi of Central Asian origin and a direct ancestor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement. He migrated from Samarqand, in what is today Uzbekistan, to northern India and settled in the Punjab during the 16th century. Hadi Beg was a collateral kin of Babur, the founding emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent, but was not a Timurid.
The foreign relations of the Mughal Empire were characterized by competition with the Persian Empire to the west, the Marathas and others to the south, and the British to the east. Steps were taken by successive Mughal rulers to secure the western frontiers of India. The Khyber Pass along the Kabul- Qandahar route was the natural defence for India, and their foreign policy revolved around securing these outposts, as also balancing the rise of powerful empires in the region. During the break up of the Timurid Empire in the 15th century, the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia and the Uzbegs in central Asia emerged as the new contenders of power. While the Safavids were Shia by faith, Ottomans along with Uzbegs were Sunni. The Mughals were also Sunni and Uzbegs were their natural enemies, who caused Babur and other Timurid princes to leave Khurasan and Samarqand. The powerful Uzbegs who held sway over central India sought an alliance of Sunni powers to defeat the Shia ruled Persia, but Mughals were too broadminded to be driven away by the sectarian conflicts. The Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, were keen to develop strong ties with Persia in order to balance the warring Uzbegs. Thus, the foreign policy of Mughals was centred around strengthening the ties with Persia, while maintaining the balance of power in the region by keeping a check on the evolution of a united Uzbeg empire.
Tumbinai Khan, Tumbinai Setsen Khan, or, Timurids say Tumanay Khan was the Khan of the Borjigin Imperial Mongol tribe. He lived during the 11th and 12th centuries. His son and successor Khabul Khan was the founder of the Khamag Mongol after his death. His second son Khaduli agreed with his brother Khabul Khan. He was the son and successor of Baishinkhur Dogshin who was the son of Kaidu Khan. Tumbinai had two great lineages: First through his oldest son Khabul's great-grandson Genghis Khan, who was the founder of the Mongol Empire, one of the largest empires in the world, which ruled most of the Asian continent and large parts of Europe. His lineage also extended through another son Khaduli Barlas' great-grandson Qarachar Barlas, the founder of the Barlas Confederation, whose great-great-great-grandson Timur Barlas was the conqueror and founder of Timurid Empire in Western Asia, Central Asia, and some parts of South Asia and East Asia, and through Timur's great-great-great-Grandson Babur, who was the founder of Mughal Empire in the South Asian subcontinent.
The Afghan-Mughal wars were a series of wars that took place during the 16th and 18th centuries between the Mughal Empire of India and different Afghan tribes and kingdoms.
{{citation}}: Check |archive-url= value (help) Quote: "Babur desperately needed to distance himself from his relentless adversary, and it was thus that he seriously began to look on India as a possible refuge"